學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)的用 (2)

1、學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)的用法-來賓市象州縣象州鎮(zhèn)初級中學(xué) 洪萍 被動語態(tài)是初中英語學(xué)習(xí)階段必學(xué)的語法知識，每年中考必考的內(nèi)容。因此掌握被動語態(tài)的用法是很有必要的。 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)(The Passive Voice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一 形式和用法A 形式： 1） 把主動的時態(tài)變成被動的方法是把動詞to be 變成原來的主動態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)，再加上主動動詞的過去分詞：主動態(tài)：We keep the meat there.我們把肉保存在那兒。被動態(tài)：The meat is kept there.肉保存

2、在那兒。主動態(tài)：You broke the light.你們打壞了燈。被動態(tài)：The light is broken.燈被打壞了。主動態(tài)：People have seen tigers in the street. 人們在街上看到虎。被動態(tài)：Tigers have been seen in the street .在街上看到虎。注意進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動態(tài)。這種語態(tài)有時似乎難以使用，因為它要求用to be 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，這種形式在其它方面用得不多。主動態(tài)：The workers are repairing the bridge.工人們在修橋。被動態(tài)：The bridge is being repair

3、ed. 橋正在修理。主動態(tài)：They were carrying the injured player off the field.那時他們正把受傷的選手抬出比賽場地。被動態(tài)：The injured player was being carried off the field.當(dāng)時受傷的選手正被抬出比賽場地。 在被動中其它進(jìn)行時態(tài)用得非常少。因此象下列這類句子通常不能寫成被動態(tài)： They have /had been repairing the road.（當(dāng)時）他們一直在修理這條路。 They will /would be repairing the road .他們將要修理這條路。2）助

4、動詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可利用不定式的被動式來構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)：主動態(tài)：You must shut the door .你必須把門關(guān)上。被動態(tài)：The door must be shut .這門必須關(guān)上。主動態(tài)：You ought to open the windows.你應(yīng)該把這些窗戶打開。被動態(tài)：The windows ought to be opened.這些窗戶應(yīng)該打開。主動態(tài)：They should have told him.他們應(yīng)該告訴他是。（不定式的完成主動式）被動態(tài)：He should have been told . 應(yīng)該告訴他才是。（不定式的完成被動式） 注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)： His de

5、cision is to be regretted .= We regret his decision .他的決定令人感動遺憾。=我們對他的決定感動遺憾。 If he is to be believed=If we believe him如果要相信他=如果我們相信他3） 動名詞的被動態(tài)由 being+過去分詞構(gòu)成，例如： 主動態(tài)：I remember my father taking me to the zoo.我記得我父親曾帶我去動物園。 被動態(tài)：I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.我記得我父親曾帶我去動物園。4) 主、被動時態(tài)對照表

6、：時態(tài)/動詞形式 主動態(tài) 被動態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時 keeps is kept現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 is keeping is being kept一般過去時 kept was kept 過去進(jìn)行時 was keeping was being kept現(xiàn)在完成時 has kept has been kept過去完成時 had kept had been kept 將來時 will keep will be kept條件語氣 would keep would be kept條件語氣完成式 would have kept would have been kept不定式完成式 to keep to be kept 現(xiàn)

7、在分詞/動名詞 keeping to be kept分詞完成式 having kept having been keptB.用法： 在英語中當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)已做的事情本身比強(qiáng)調(diào)行為者更方便或更需要時，或在行為者不清楚時就用被動語態(tài)：My watch was stolen. (我的手表被偷) 比Thieves stole my watch .（竊賊偷了我的表）更常用。 注意：在理論上一個含有直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，例如：Someone gave her a dog.(有人送給她一條狗。)可以有兩種被動語態(tài)形式： She was given a dog.有人送給她一條狗。 A dog was given

8、to her.一條狗贈給了她。 第一種形式常用得多，即把間接賓語變成被動態(tài)動詞的主語。與被動態(tài)動詞連用的介詞A. 在被動句中常不提及行為者。在提到時要在它的前面加 by: 主動態(tài)：Mike pained this picture.邁克畫了這張畫。 被動態(tài)： This picture was pained by Mike. 這張畫是邁克畫的。 主動態(tài)：Who wrote it ？誰寫的這個？ 被動態(tài)：Who was it written by ?這是誰寫的？ 主動態(tài)：What caused this crack?是什么原因造成了這條裂縫？ 被動態(tài)：What was this crack caus

9、ed by ?這條裂縫是什么造成的？ 但必須注意下列句子的被動態(tài)形式： Smoke filled the room. 煙充滿了房間。 The room was filled with smoke .房間里充滿了煙。 Paint covered the lock . 油漆涂在鎖上。 The lock was covered with paint.鎖涂上了油漆。 這里說的只是所使用的材料而不是人。B.當(dāng)動詞+介詞+賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動態(tài)時，介詞直接跟在動詞后面： 主動態(tài)：We must write to him.我們必須給他寫信。 被動態(tài)：He must be written to.必須給他寫信。 主

10、動態(tài)： You can play with these bears quite safely.你和這些熊仔玩不會又危險。 被動態(tài)：These bears can be played with quite safely.和這些熊仔玩不會又危險。動詞+介詞/副詞結(jié)構(gòu)也同樣如此： 主動態(tài)：They threw away the old newspapers.他們把舊報紙扔了。 被動態(tài)：The old newspapers were thrown away. 舊報紙給扔了。 主動態(tài)：He looked after the children well.他對孩子們照料得很好。 被動態(tài): The child

11、ren were looked after well .孩子們被照料得很好。被動態(tài)動詞后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)A. 在acknowledge ,assume ,believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report, say, think, understand等詞之后： People think/consider/know that he is .這類句子有兩種被動態(tài)形式： It is thought/consider/known that he is He is thought/consider/known to b

12、e.同樣： People said that he was jealous of her. 人們說他妒忌她。 =It was said that he was jealous of her. 據(jù)說他妒忌她。 或He was said to be jealous of her. 據(jù)說他妒忌她。 在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單。它主要用于 to be, 盡管有時其它動詞的不定式也可以這樣用： He is thought to have information which will be useful to the police. 據(jù)認(rèn)為他掌握了對警察有用的情況。 當(dāng)句中意思涉及到以前的行為時則

13、使用不定式的完成式，因此： People know that he was = It is known that he was 或He is known to have been People believed that he was It was believe that he was 或 He was believed to have been這種結(jié)構(gòu)可與任何動詞的不定式的完成式連用。）在suppose 的被動態(tài)后可以接任何動詞的不定式的一般式，但這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常含有責(zé)任，義務(wù)的意思，因此并不是suppose 的主動態(tài)的正常對應(yīng)形式：You are supposed to know how t

14、o drive. It is your duty to know how to drive . You should know how to drive . 你應(yīng)該知道如何開車。知道如何開車是你的責(zé)任你應(yīng)該知道如何開車。但He is supposed to be in Paris. 可能指：He ought to be there. （他應(yīng)該在那里）或People suppose he is there.（人們猜想他在那里）。）suppose的被動態(tài)同樣可以和任何動詞的不定式完成式連用。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以有責(zé)任，義務(wù)的含義，但也常常沒有這種含義：You are supposed to have fi

15、nished. You should have finished. 你早就應(yīng)該完成了。但He is supposed to have escaped disguised as a woman. People suppose that he escaped據(jù)猜測他是喬裝打扮成女人逃跑的。必須注意用在被動動詞后面的不定式通常是完全不定式，即帶to的不定式：主動態(tài)：We saw them go out. 我們看見他們出去了。被動態(tài)：They were seen to go out. 有人看見他們走出去。主動態(tài)：He made us work. 他逼我們干活。被動態(tài)：We were made to w

16、ork. 我們被逼干活。然而在使用let時被動句中的不定式不帶：主動態(tài)：They let us go. 他們讓我們走。被動態(tài)：We were let go . 我們被允許離開。在think, know,believe,understand, report,say,suppose等詞 的被動式后可使用不定式的進(jìn)行式：He is thoughtknownbelievesaidsuppose to be living abroad.People think/knowbelievesaysuppose that he is living abroad.據(jù)認(rèn)為（據(jù)知，據(jù)信，據(jù)猜測）他住在國外。You a

17、re supposed to be working . You should be working . 你應(yīng)該在工作。也可用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式：He is believed to have been waiting for a message. People believe that he was waiting for a message. 據(jù)信他一直在等待消息。You are supposed to have been working . You should have been working . 你應(yīng)該一直工作。練習(xí)：按要求變換句型。1. George invented the pot

18、ato chips in 1863.(改為被動語態(tài))The potato chips_ _ by George in 1863.2. The emperor Shen Nong discovered tea. (改為被動語態(tài))Tea _ _ _the emperor Shen Nong.3. This machine was invented by a college student in 2006.(改為主動語態(tài))A college student _ _ _ in 2006.4. The song has sung three times by Lily.(改為主動語態(tài) )Lily _ _the song three times.5. America was discovered by Columbus.(就劃線部分提問)Whom _ America _ _ ?6