高考英語高三語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

1、 學(xué)員編號：年級：高三課時數(shù)：學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型TC語法專題之時態(tài)（三）T教學(xué)目標(biāo)能夠正確辨析并熟練運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時星級授課日期及時段教學(xué)內(nèi)容C-現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一第庭開門f寓言故事（建議5分鐘）To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them GrowOnce upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted aplot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he wentto the field to wa

2、tch the seedlings grow. He saw the youngshoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but stil,he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually heimpatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an中4削抑idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next

3、early morning, theyoung man couldn wait to check his achievement 6ut, he was heart-broken to see all thepulled-up young plants dying.批注： Can you retell it in English again if you are given five minutes?二寺篁荀兵高中現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時用法詳解一般現(xiàn) 在時現(xiàn)在完 成時現(xiàn)在完 成進(jìn)行成時,過去將 來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行時般過來時將來進(jìn) 行時過去進(jìn) 行時、現(xiàn)在完成時1、概念：表示過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在有影響

4、的動作或者表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2、時間狀語： already, before, ever, just, lately, never, once, recently, yet, until now, so far,助3、基本結(jié)構(gòu):in the past few years, up to the present 等。have/has donehave/has done肯定句否定句般疑問句特殊疑問句The old man has lived here for more than twenty years.The old man hasn t lived here for more th

5、an twenty years.Has the old man lived here for more than twenty years?How long has the old man lived here?4、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響：這種用法的時間狀語有四類，如下： 與不確切的過去時間狀語連用? already, yet, before, just, lately, recent曝與頻度副詞連用? ever, never, once, twice, three times, four times.一 與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用? so

6、 far, up to now, up to the present, now, today, this morning, this week, this yea林 TOC o 1-5 h z 與幾個不包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用k? in /over/during the past few (ten, twenty, .) years/months/weeks/days? in /over/during the last few (ten, twenty, .) years/months/weeks/days注意yet和already在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法區(qū)另1J： 一般情況下， already

7、用在肯定句中表示“已經(jīng)” 而yet則多用在疑問句中和否定句中，分別表示“已經(jīng)”和“還”?！纠洹縄 have just finished my homework.I have seen the film three times.Up to now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees.Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China.2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：這種用法通常與由since或for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，動詞需要使用延續(xù)性動詞。 TOC o 1

8、-5 h z _I for + 段時間1? for two/threedays（weeks, months, years.）+ 點時間1? since 2000, since two days ago, .I since + 過去時從旬? since I came to Beijing, since she left university例句I havent been here for five years.There have been a lot of changes since 1978.She has worked as an English teacher since she lef

9、t University.3）在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時：即， 主將從現(xiàn)原則例句 I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Don t get off the bus until it has stopped.埠4）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作：例句 We have had four texts this semester.He ha

10、s failed many times recently.5） have been to 和 have gone to 的區(qū)別:have been to強(qiáng)調(diào)去過”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里；have gone to強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“去了” ，現(xiàn)在還在那里或在去那里的路上。【例句】 He has been to the USA three times.（過去“去過美國，現(xiàn)在已不在美國”）-Wheres your mother?-She has gone to the hospital.（現(xiàn)在在醫(yī)院，或者去醫(yī)院的路上）A 口” . 士一“ / 人另外，has been in表不 一直在某地 ，如：We have

11、been in Beijing for a whole year.IV 6)使用現(xiàn)在完成時的固定句型：It is (has been) +一段時間 + sinceR旬(一般過去時) ? It has been ten years since I left my hometown. This(That / It)is the first(second從鍬imelhS時 ?This is the first time that I ve heard her sing. This(That / It)is the only/the last + n. + that + 完成時 ? It is the

12、 only book that Ive read many times. This(That / It)is 形容詞最高級 + n. + that從同 + 完成時 i .? It s the best film I ve ever seen.Q 后三個句型也可以用一般過去時(was),此時從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。如：There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.6 5、延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞及兩者的轉(zhuǎn)化：I彩1)延續(xù)性動詞：也叫持續(xù)性動詞，表示一

13、個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的有：study, play,do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。零2)非延續(xù)性動詞：也叫瞬間性動詞或終止性動詞，表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。常見的有：begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy,

14、 borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。13)非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：完成時如果要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，那么要把非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或者利用It is (has been) + 一段時間+ since從句來轉(zhuǎn)換。常見非延續(xù)性動詞相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞gobe away; comebe here; come back be back; leavebe away (be not here) buyhave; borrow k

15、eep; diebe dead; beginbe on; finish be over;openbe open, close be closed; losebe lost; get to know know; get up be up;join be in 或 be a membebecome be 一般性的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則用“be形容詞”代替非延續(xù)性動詞用“be副詞”代 替非延續(xù)性動詞用“b介詞短語”代替非延續(xù)性動詞? be+ married 代 marry; be dead 代 die;? be + ill 代 fall (get) ill; be asleepR fall (get) aslee

16、p;? be awake 代 wake up;? be gone 代 lose, die, sell, leave;? be open 代 open;? be closedR close, shut;? be missing (gone, lost) 代 lose? be on 代 start, begin;? be up 代 get up;? be back (to)代 return to, come back to, go back to;? be here 代 come (arrive, reach, get) here;? be there 代go (arrive, reach, ge

17、t) there?be in/at + 地點，代 go to/come to/move to;? be in the army, 代 join the army;?be in/at + 地點，代 move to【例句】 He has joined the army for three years.(joinx是非延續(xù)性動，fj,不能和 for three years 連用)He has been in the army for three years. VIt is three years since he joined the army. V She has got up for quite

18、 some time.She has been up for quite some time. VIt is quite some time since she got up. V Has your brother left home for a long time?Has your brother been away from home for a long time? V Is it a long time since your brother left home? Vy 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用：如I haven t seen you for a long ti

19、me.典型例題（2010北京高考卷） -Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?-Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadnt madeB. wouldnt makeC. dont makeD. havent made【解析】D.本題考查時態(tài)。上文說沒聽清是幾號回來。而下文則說很抱歉我沒說清楚。根據(jù)句意我們只能選didnt make 或者h(yuǎn)avent made.那落在選項中我們只

20、能選擇D。A. hadnt made 過去完成時表過去的過去，不符合題意。B. wouldnt make過去將來時時態(tài)不正確。C一般現(xiàn)在時不正確。（2010東城一模）29. Someone his car in front of my house and it is blocking my driveway.A . has parked B. is parking C. parkedD. had parked【解析】A.本題考查時態(tài)。句意為：某人把車?？吭谖壹仪懊?，擋住了我的私人車道。事情是發(fā)生在過去的，所以排除B項和D項，又因為對現(xiàn)在造成了影響，所以選定 A項。、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1、概念：表示

21、動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。2、時間狀語：主要有 since + 時間點； since + 從句； for +時間段3、基本結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has been doinghave/has been doing肯定句I have been sitting here for an hour.否定句I haven t been sitting here for an hour.般疑問句Have you been sitting here for an hour?特殊疑問句How long have you been sitting here?也4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法:

22、1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或剛剛結(jié)束的動作:【例句】I ve been writing letters all this morning.我寫了一上午信。（動作剛剛結(jié)束，不再繼續(xù)）O Neil is ill. Hes been lying in the bed for three weeks.奧尼爾在病中，已經(jīng)臥床 3個星期了。（動作會繼續(xù)下去）2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動作：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的這種用法所表示的并不是一直在進(jìn)行的動作，而是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。例句That reporter has been contributing articles t

23、o this magazine all these years.這些年那個記者一直為這家雜志撰稿。（斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作）Wd ve been seeing quite a lot of eachother recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見面。I陟3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶感情色彩:【例句】 She has always been working like that.她一貫是這樣工作的。|寫4）動詞本身不包含持續(xù)意義，若要表示動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:【例句】They ve been building a ship.他們一直在造一艘船。（在進(jìn)行）比75、現(xiàn)在

24、完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別:1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，它是現(xiàn)在完成時的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。試比較：Wd ve been living here for ten years.Wd ve lived here for ten years.您2）在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作仍在進(jìn)行。而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作在過去已結(jié)束。試比較：The students have been preparing for the exam.（還在進(jìn)行）學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。The students have prepared for the exam.（已經(jīng)結(jié)束）學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。3）有些表示狀態(tài)

25、，感情，感覺的動詞如 ：have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：They ve known each other since 1970.典型例題（2011北京高考卷）Tom . in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working【解析】C.本題考查時態(tài)。題干中出現(xiàn)的 over the last three months,用于

26、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時或現(xiàn)在完成時。選項中只有C項符合題意。句意為：在過去三個月里，Tom一直每晚在圖書館奮戰(zhàn)。（2010朝陽一模32）These interesting articles were written by Anna, who for our magazine these years.A. wroteB. would write C. is writing D. has been writing【解析】D.本題考查時態(tài)。句意為：這些有趣的文章是安娜寫的，她這些年一直為我們雜志撰稿。表示斷 斷續(xù)續(xù)地反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。E 三，新岐建魔（建議5分鐘）【2012東城一模】 J

27、ack, do you know anything about Doctor Brown?I to him for years. I don t see how anyone else could do better.A. wentB. will goC. had goneD. have been going【2012朝陽二?！? Why do you want to apply for the position as a history teacher?一This is the job that I.A. looked forB. had looked for C. will look fo

28、r D. have been looking for【2010海淀一?！?Bob! How s your project? I heard you started it 3 Friday , right? Oh! I for it . But I haven t decided when to do itA . have preparedB. had preparedC. have been preparingD. was preparing【2010海淀二?！?0. It s nice to see you again. What since we last met?B. had you d

29、oneD. did you doB. have workedD . have been workingA . have you doneC. have you been doing 【2010西城一模】26. Why are your hands so dirty?Iin the garden.A . was workingC. worked【2011東城一?！?8. I won t invite you to the heusarming party until we in.A. are movingB. will moveC. have movedD. moved【2011西城一?！?2. -This is the most exciting movie I have ever watched.-Where did you get that DVD? I to find it since last summer.A. was trying B. triedC. had triedD. have been trying【2011朝陽一模】23.I wonder if you could go with me to the