新視野讀寫(xiě)教材2第三版課文UNIT8

1、TEXT AAnimals or children? A scientists choice動(dòng)物還是孩子？ 一位科學(xué)家的選擇I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a childrens doctor because of my love for children and my

2、 supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medi

3、cal science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.我就是那個(gè)敵人！我就是那些被人詛咒的、殘忍的、搞動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生科學(xué)家之一。這些謠言刺痛了我， 因?yàn)槲覐膩?lái)沒(méi)想到自己是一個(gè)邪惡的人。 我成

4、為一位兒科醫(yī)生， 因?yàn)槲覑?ài)孩子，也因?yàn)槲业淖畲笤竿亲屗麄儽３纸】怠?在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)和住院醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)， 我看到了許多兒童死于癌癥和受傷流血 雖然對(duì)此醫(yī)學(xué)正取得很大進(jìn)步，但遠(yuǎn)非完善。更重要的是，我還看到孩子們能保持健康得益于醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步， 如嬰兒呼吸支持器， 功效強(qiáng)大的新藥物和外科手 術(shù)技術(shù)及整個(gè)器官移植領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。我希望孩子們健康快樂(lè)，這促使我從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究。My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I

5、torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbyi

6、ng of animal rights activists.控訴我的人把真相歪曲成一則神話， 并把我描寫(xiě)成惡魔。 他們聲稱我沒(méi)有道德界限， 我折磨 那些無(wú)辜動(dòng)物的唯一目的就是為了自己的職業(yè)升遷， 而我的實(shí)驗(yàn)根本與醫(yī)藥毫不相關(guān)。 與此 同時(shí)， 無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的公眾幾乎不聞不問(wèn)， 相信這個(gè)議題毫無(wú)意義， 而具有宣傳意識(shí)的參議員和政治家們卻對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家的游說(shuō)不斷作出讓步。We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We have allowed the most extreme animal rights protest

7、ers to creep in and frame the issue as one of animal fraud and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument. Perhaps we s

8、hould have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds.我們這些從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究的人也顯得令人難以置信的冷漠。 我們?cè)试S最極端的動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家漸漸侵入，任憑他們把此類(lèi)研究誣陷為 “動(dòng)物欺詐 ”和對(duì)動(dòng)物的仇恨。我們一直堅(jiān)信，有知識(shí)的公眾會(huì)贊同動(dòng)物研究對(duì)公眾健康的重要性。 也許我們的錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論的感性基調(diào)作出反應(yīng)。 也許我們?cè)鐟?yīng)該揮動(dòng)著兒童死于癌癥或外傷的同樣令人傷心的

9、海報(bào)， 來(lái)回應(yīng)那些關(guān)于動(dòng)物受害的傷感標(biāo)語(yǔ)及海報(bào)。In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science. Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature. A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our d

10、efense. Life is often cruel to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else. From everyday germs to gang violence, no life i

11、s free of pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical

12、 knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward.動(dòng)物權(quán)利論壇大肆宣揚(yáng)我們?nèi)绾我葬t(yī)學(xué)的名義使這些動(dòng)物經(jīng)受巨大的痛苦。 動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家 們否認(rèn)我們正在努力幫助人類(lèi)， 并說(shuō)這是我們邪惡和殘忍本性的證據(jù)。 然而， 一個(gè)更合理的 論點(diǎn)可用來(lái)為我們進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。 生活往往對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)都是殘酷的。 青少年被甩到卡車(chē)外， 導(dǎo) 致頭部嚴(yán)重受傷。 還不太會(huì)走路的孩子們溺水沉到游泳池底部時(shí)， 他們的家長(zhǎng)正忙于其他事 務(wù)。 從常見(jiàn)的的細(xì)菌侵害到幫派的暴力， 沒(méi)有誰(shuí)能不受傷害。 醫(yī)生們希望能永遠(yuǎn)減輕這些悲 劇帶給人們身體上

13、的痛苦，他們只有三個(gè)選擇： 1 )用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)，以了解整個(gè)醫(yī)療過(guò)程和測(cè)試新的療法; 2 )進(jìn)行人體實(shí)驗(yàn)(一些實(shí)驗(yàn)會(huì)成功，大多數(shù)會(huì)失敗); 3)讓對(duì)醫(yī)療知識(shí)的了解處于停滯狀態(tài)，希望偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)帶領(lǐng)我們向前。Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice, claiming that computer models can create animal experiments, thus omitting actual experiments. Computers can imitate the effects

14、 of well-understood principles on complex systems, as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study, computer modeling alone is of litt

15、le value.一些動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家會(huì)提出第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)， 他們聲稱計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)， 這樣就可省去真實(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。 計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬一些為人所熟知的原理在復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用效果， 就如物理規(guī)律在飛機(jī)和汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用那樣。 然而， 當(dāng)原理本身有問(wèn)題時(shí)， 就跟正處于研究階段 的復(fù)雜的生物系統(tǒng)的情況一樣，僅靠計(jì)算機(jī)模擬成效甚微。One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact will not be felt for years or even d

16、ecades. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries. There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolutio

17、n to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.阻止用動(dòng)物來(lái)進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究的可怕后果之一是，其影響要到幾年甚至幾十年后才能被人知曉： 治愈感染的新藥物將無(wú)法被發(fā)現(xiàn)， 外科手術(shù)和診斷技術(shù)將得不到發(fā)展， 那些有可能被發(fā)掘的基本生物學(xué)進(jìn)程將是未解之謎。 危險(xiǎn)的是， 那些善意的政治家匆忙作出決定后拿出的解決方案只是策略性地滿

18、足了那一小部分大聲疾呼的示威者， 這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)。Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the agony of watching ones child die has become a rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative. Protectionfrom serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease, high blood pressure an

19、d stroke are all based on animal research. Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so much disease, as well as the development of synthetic organs are pr

20、esently undergoing animal studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted.幸運(yùn)的是，我們大多數(shù)人都享有健康的體魄，眼睜睜地看著孩子死亡之苦已不多見(jiàn)。然而，對(duì)于能夠享受健康或享受醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步能帶來(lái)的健康我們不應(yīng)該不心存感激。 對(duì)嚴(yán)重疾病的預(yù)防和用于心臟病、 高血壓和中風(fēng)的藥物都基于對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究。髖關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)、 器官移植手術(shù)最初都是在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行的。技術(shù)， 以及人造器官的發(fā)展，目前正處于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)

21、研究階段。研究和其后的任何進(jìn)展都將徹底地宣告結(jié)束。大多復(fù)雜的外科手術(shù)， 如心臟或取代導(dǎo)致眾多疾病的缺陷基因的如果動(dòng)物研究嚴(yán)格受限， 這些In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence. As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen their parents infinite grief, I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the

22、 suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying human beings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means.在今天的美國(guó)， 死亡已經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泄铝⑸僖?jiàn)的事。 作為一個(gè)看見(jiàn)過(guò)許多兒童死亡和他們父母悲痛至極的醫(yī)生， 我感到特別憤怒的是， 有人對(duì)動(dòng)物的痛苦表達(dá)入微， 但對(duì)生病和生命垂危的人卻冷漠無(wú)情。人們受到了太多的保護(hù),以至于他們感覺(jué)不到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里的生與死，也感覺(jué)不到其所代表的真實(shí)意義。Ma

23、ke no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel treatment of animals. The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in

24、threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.但別搞錯(cuò)， 我從來(lái)不提倡對(duì)動(dòng)物實(shí)行不必要的殘忍對(duì)待。 動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)使我們更加意識(shí)到動(dòng)物應(yīng)有的權(quán)利， 以及努力尋找合適替代品的需要。 但

25、是， 如果有更多的動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的激進(jìn)分子成功地阻止了進(jìn)一步的研究， 那他們的努力會(huì)造成以許多人的生命為代價(jià)的悲劇。 因此， 真正的問(wèn)題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)漠不關(guān)心的民眾來(lái)保護(hù)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的將來(lái)，以反對(duì)嗓門(mén)挺大、但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的那一小部分人。TEXT BThe right to live A dogs account生存的的權(quán)利 一只狗的獨(dú)白When I was a puppy, I made you laugh and you called me your child. Despite the chewed shoes and pillows, I became your best friend.

26、Whenever I was bad, youd shake your finger at me and ask, How could you? Then youd give in and roll me over on the rug for a rub.當(dāng)我是一只小狗狗時(shí)，我逗你笑，你稱我為你的孩子。盡管我啃壞了家里的鞋子和枕頭，我仍是你最好的朋友。每當(dāng)我使壞的時(shí)候，你會(huì)對(duì)我搖搖你的手指，問(wèn)我： “你怎么能這樣？然后你就會(huì)讓步，把我翻過(guò)來(lái)放在地毯上揉一揉。My housetraining took a long time because you were terribly busy, bu

27、t we worked on that together until there were no more stains. I remember nights, sleeping in your bed listening toyour dreams, and believing that Id been provided with a royal life. We rotated between long walks to the park, car rides, and stops for ice cream.因?yàn)槟忝Σ贿^(guò)來(lái)， 訓(xùn)練我在指定地點(diǎn)大小便花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間， 但我們一起度過(guò)了這一關(guān)，

28、 直到屋內(nèi)沒(méi)有便溺污漬為止。 我記得那些夜晚，我睡在你的床上， 聽(tīng)著你的夢(mèng)想，并相信我一直過(guò)著皇室般的生活。我們重復(fù)輪換著做這些事：漫步去公園，坐車(chē)，停下來(lái)買(mǎi)冰淇淋。Gradually, the rhythm of life changed as you lagged behind, spending more time at work and searching for a human mate. I waited patiently, comforted you through heartbreaks and disappointments, never scolded your bad

29、decisions, and leaped happily when you came home or fell in love.漸漸地，由于你花了更多的時(shí)間在工作和尋找伴侶上，造成的拖拉改變了我們的生活節(jié)奏。我耐心地等待著， 在你傷心和失望時(shí)給予安慰， 我從來(lái)不指責(zé)你做出的糟糕決定； 當(dāng)你回家 或戀愛(ài)時(shí)，我為你歡呼雀躍。Your new wife wasnt a dog person, but I still welcomed her and showed her affection. I was happy because you were happy. When you reproduc

30、ed when your babies came along, I shared your excitement. I loved their little fingers and toes, and wanted to raise them, too. Only you both worried I might hurt them, so I was shoved into another room or my dog cage.你的新婚妻子不是 “愛(ài)狗人士 ” ，但我仍然歡迎她，并對(duì)她示好。我高興是因?yàn)槟愀吲d。當(dāng)你生兒育女，寶寶來(lái)臨時(shí)，我和你一樣激動(dòng)。我愛(ài)他們小小的手指和腳趾，也想照料他們

31、。但是你們倆擔(dān)心我會(huì)傷害到他們，把我硬塞入另一個(gè)房間或我的狗窩。As they grew, I became their friend. They buried their hands up to their wrists in my fur and pulled themselves up on unsteady legs, investigating my ears and squeezing my muscles. I loved everything about them, especially the touch of their clumsy fingers and thumbs.

32、 I would have defended them with my very life.他們慢慢長(zhǎng)大， 我成了他們的朋友。 他們喜歡把整個(gè)手都埋在我的毛下， 并搖搖晃晃地站立起來(lái)， 檢查我的耳朵，擠壓我的肌肉。我愛(ài)他們的一切， 尤其是他們用笨拙的手指和拇指觸摸時(shí)的感覺(jué)。我甚至?xí)梦业纳葱l(wèi)他們。Id sneak into their beds, listening to their worries and secret dreams. Together we waited for the sound of your car in the driveway. There had been

33、a time when you kept a photo of me in your wallet. But slowly, I went from being your dog to just the dog, and you deducted all the money you spent on me from your budget.我會(huì)偷偷溜進(jìn)他們的被窩， 傾聽(tīng)他們的煩惱和秘密的夢(mèng)想。 我們一起等待著你駕車(chē)回來(lái)在房前車(chē)道上的聲音。曾經(jīng)一度，你把我的照片放在你的錢(qián)包里。但慢慢地，我從 “你的狗 ”變成 了 “那條狗” ，你從預(yù)算中減去了所有用在我身上的錢(qián)。Suddenly, you ha

34、d a career opportunity in telecommunications in another city and you all moved to a third-story apartment that didnt allow pets. Our rural life in the suburbs was over. On the eve of your departure, there was no internal debate the jury had already decided. Youd made the right decision for your fami

35、ly, but I remember a time when I was part of your family.突然， 你在另一個(gè)城市有了一個(gè)在電信領(lǐng)域工作的機(jī)會(huì)， 你和你的家人要搬到一個(gè)不許養(yǎng)寵物的三層樓高的公寓去了。 我們?cè)诮紖^(qū)的鄉(xiāng)村生活結(jié)束了。 你們離開(kāi)的前一天， 家里沒(méi)有內(nèi)部的辯論 陪審團(tuán)已經(jīng)做出決定。你為你的 “家庭 ”作出了正確的決定，然而，我還記得，曾幾何時(shí)，我還是你家庭的一員。I was excited about riding with the family in the van until we arrived at the animal shelter. It smel

36、led of strange species of dogs and cats, of hell and hopelessness. You filled out the paperwork and said, I know you will find a good home for her. But they werent enthusiastic, knowing how difficult it is to discharge old dogs.我與家人坐在面包車(chē)上， 曾一度興奮不已， 直到我們到達(dá)了動(dòng)物收容所。 那兒有陌生的狗和貓的味道，我感到如地獄般地絕望。你填寫(xiě)了資料，并說(shuō)： “我

37、知道你們會(huì)為她找到一個(gè)好的家。 ”但他們并不熱情，因?yàn)樗麄冎酪妥咭粭l年老的狗是多么的困難。Your son cried, No, Daddy! Please dont let them take my dog! I worried what lesson shed learned about friendship and loyalty, love and responsibility, and respect for a living organism. You patted my head goodbye, avoiding my eyes and refusing to take m

38、y collar and walking rope with you, the last symbols of our relationship.你的兒子哭喊道： “不，爸爸，請(qǐng)不要讓他們帶走我的狗！ ”我擔(dān)心他在友誼和忠誠(chéng)，愛(ài)心和責(zé)任， 以及如何尊重一個(gè)活的生命方面學(xué)到了什么。你拍拍我的頭，跟我告別，卻避開(kāi)了我的眼睛，并拒絕帶走剩下的最后象征我們關(guān)系的頸圈與遛狗繩。The two nice ladies were as attentive to us in the shelter as they were expected. They fed us, but I had lost my ap

39、petite and was experiencing a famine of hope. At first, whenever anyone passed my pen, I rushed to the front, hoping that you had changed your mind about ditching me or that this was all a bad dream. Later, I hoped it would at least be someone who cared, who might scratch my chin and love me again.

40、Eventually, I retreated to a corner and waited for the countdown of my days.那兩位好心的女士， 如同人們期望的一樣， 在收容所里細(xì)心地照顧著我們。 她們給我們喂吃的， 但我沒(méi)有胃口， 正經(jīng)歷著希望的饑荒。 起先， 每當(dāng)有人經(jīng)過(guò)我的欄圈， 我就會(huì)奔到前面，希望你改變了拋棄我的打算， 希望這只是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)而已。 后來(lái)， 我希望至少會(huì)是某個(gè)在乎我的人， 他會(huì)輕撓我的下巴， 重新愛(ài)我。 最終， 我退縮到了一個(gè)角落里， 等待我生命的倒計(jì)時(shí)。I heard her footsteps at the end of the day and I padded along the corridor after her to a separate room