音標(biāo)教學(xué)課件(共73張PPT)

1、Phonetic symbols音標(biāo)國際音標(biāo) 元音分類：英語中共有48個音標(biāo)，元音20個，輔音28個。單元音雙元音前元音中元音后元音/i:/, /, /e/, /:/, /, /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/e/, /a/, /, /, /a/, /, /e/, / 輔音爆破音磨檫音 鼻音半元音舌邊音/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/f/, /v/, /, /3 /, / /,/ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /t/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/m/, /n/, /l/w/, /j/Vowels（元音） -pure

2、 vowels（單元音）前元音： /i:/, /, /e/, /發(fā)單元音時應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)：1.舌前部在活動2.舌端抵下齒3.從/i:/ /i/ /e/ /口形漸大/i:/例詞： he sea tree 短語： green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句： A: Would you like coffee or tea? B: Tea, please. A: OK. I have tea, too./- /i/例詞： pin ship hill chicks短語： a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith i

3、nteresting films例句： A: Is Lily in? B: Lily is ill in bed. C: Oh, Im sorry./e/-/例詞： pen head leg well短語： ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句： A: How did you spend your holiday? B: I went to Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very./例詞： apple lantern hand parachute短語： black ca

4、t mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句： A: Ann is traveling to Japan. B: How happy she is ! A: She is very happy.Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（單元音）中元音： /:/, /, /發(fā)中元音時應(yīng)注意：1.舌中部隆起2.舌端輕抵 下齒3./ :/ / /口形漸大/:/- /:/例詞： girl bird work turn短語： early bird Thursday work thirsty person perfect search例句： A: He alway

5、s arrives work early. B: But he wasnt early this morning. A: You werent early either./例詞： teacher picture breakfast welcome短語： a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句： A: look at the clock！ B: whats the time? A: its a quarter to seven/例詞： cup run jump flood短語： h

6、urry up! trust us! rubbish number mustnt worry例句： A: Its sunny today. B: Yes, isnt it. A: My uncle will go to London next Monday. B: How lucky he is!Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（單元音）后元音： /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/后元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.舌后部用力2.舌尖離開下齒齦3. /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/口形漸 大/u:/例詞： zoo who food blue短語： a tooth for a too

7、th Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句： A: Look at my new shoes? B: Oh, they are beautiful. A: Your boots are beautiful, too./例詞： foot wood book push短語： good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句： A: Where did you put the book? B: Which book? A: The book you bought yesterday./:/例詞： fo

8、rk ball morning airport短語： four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句： A: I see two children on the blackboard. B: He is short. A: She is shorter./- /例詞： cock shop job hospital短語： hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句： A: I have a bad cough. B: You must see a doctor. A: Yes, I mu

9、st go to the hospital./:/例詞： car garden star guitar短語： fast car half park heart transplant stars and bars例句： A: You look very smart today. B: Thank you. C: What a marvelous dancer you are. Let me take a photograph of you. Vowels（元音） -diphthongs（雙元音）/e/, /a/, /, /, /a/, /, /e/, / 雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.口形、舌位有變化 發(fā)

10、單元音時口形、舌位自始至終保持不變。雙元音是由兩個不同的元音組成的，例如/ai/,從第一個元音/a/過度到/i/,口形和舌位都有變化：由口形較大、舌位較低的/a/音過度到口形較小、舌位較高的/i/音。其它七個雙元音也一樣，發(fā)音時口形舌位都有不同成度的變化。2.前長后短 雙元音中兩個元音的長度（音長）也不相等。第一個比第二個長些，約為三比一。3.前重后輕 發(fā)第一個元音時要多使點(diǎn)勁兒，但必須注意不要把兩個元音分裂成一個強(qiáng)音、一個弱音來念，而是由強(qiáng)而漸弱。雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：4.兩音密合，一氣呵成 由第一個元音到第二個元音是一個滑動的過程，中間不容停頓，不可把兩個音分開來念。5.前音清楚，后音模糊 雙元

11、音中的第一個元音發(fā)音清楚響亮，向第二個音滑動時，在尚未到達(dá)第二個元音的發(fā)音部位時滑動即可停止，不必把第二個音象單獨(dú)發(fā)音時念得那么 清楚。這一點(diǎn)非常重要。常聽到一些同學(xué)把/ai/念成“阿姨”，就是因?yàn)榘?i/ 念得太清楚了，甚至跑過了頭，越境而入/i:/的領(lǐng)域了。/e/-/ei/例詞： face rain cake wait短語： eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：A: Its my birthday today.B: Happy birthdayA: Thank you. Come to my birthda

12、y party. And dont be late./a/-/ai/例詞： sky kite write bicycle短語: white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：A: Its a fine day today. The sun is shining brightly.B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now.A: Yes, I do, too./-/i/例詞： boy boil noise coin短語： a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice

13、 Joyces boyfriend例句： A: Look at my toy gun. B: Oh, what a good toy! A: Shall we join our friends in the garden? B: Yes, lets go./-/v/例詞：coast throw boat toe短語： Joes coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball例句： A: Look! He has a boat. B: Is he going to row? A: I think so./a/-/av/例詞： cow

14、house mouth trousers短語： shout out brown mouse down town round flower例句： A: Is she milking the cow? B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cow in he house? B: No. She is on the dairy farm./-/i/例詞： ear idea zero beard短語： the atmosphere here queer 古怪的skier Weary疲乏 mountaineer experienced engineer例句： A: Lets have so

15、me beer here. B: What a good idea! A: What shall we do after having beer? B: We shall go to the theatre./e/-/例詞： hair bare pear chair短語：millionaires theirs mayors parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A: Where is my pen?B: Its over there on the chair.A: Thank you. Its really there./-/v/例詞： tour p

16、oor sure gourd /g d/葫蘆短語： poor tourists tour from China carm jury陪審團(tuán) European jewel例句：A: I received a letter from my uncle. Hes sick with influenza.B: Im sorry. Is he still in Europe.A: Yes. Hes still working in London.B: He must speak fluent English.Consonants（輔音） 英語輔音的發(fā)音特點(diǎn) 1.氣流受阻，從肺部呼出的氣流在通過口腔或鼻腔時

17、遇到阻礙（元音發(fā)音不受阻礙）。2.氣流較強(qiáng)（元音氣流較弱）3.阻礙部分肌肉緊張（元音發(fā)音時均衡地保持緊張）4.有清濁之分。 英語輔音的發(fā)音可以分別從”發(fā)音部位”和發(fā)音方法”兩方面來學(xué)習(xí)。 1.發(fā)音部位：所謂”發(fā)音部位”是指氣流受到阻礙的地方，也就是兩個發(fā)音器官為了影響氣流而構(gòu)成的各種阻礙的部位。例如：發(fā)/p/ /b/時雙唇先要緊閉，形成阻礙，發(fā)/f/ /v/時下唇接觸上齒形成阻礙等等。 英語輔音按發(fā)音部位可分成：雙唇音：/ p, b, m, w/唇齒音：/ f ,v/舌齒音：/ , /舌齦音：/ t ,d ,s ,z ,n ,l/齒齦后部音：/ , , , r, j/舌后軟腭音：/ k, g，

18、/聲門音：/h/ 2.發(fā)音方法：是指氣流通過阻礙時所使用的不同方法（及其造成的聽覺印象）。例如：發(fā)/p ,t ,k/時氣流通過阻礙部位時所發(fā)出的爆破聲，發(fā)/s ,z ,f/時氣流從阻礙部位的縫隙中擠出，發(fā)出摩擦的聲音等等。 英語輔音按發(fā)音方法可分成： 爆破音： /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ 摩擦音： f/, /v/, /, /, /s/, /z/, /, /, /h/, /r/破擦音：/, /鼻音： /m/, /n/, /舌側(cè)音： /l/ 半元音： /j/, /w/ Consonants（輔音） -plosives（爆破音）/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /

19、k/, /g/ /p/例詞： pig people pull put短語： pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句： A: Do you collect stamps? B: Yes, I do. A: Will you show me your stamp album? B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me go and fetch them./b/例詞： bus bed breakfast banana短語： Big Ben a big bottle beautiful baby bl

20、ue butterflies例句： A: Is this your handbag? B: No, it isnt my handbag is not brown. A: What color is your handbag? B: Its black./t/例詞： table tall take telephone短語： ten teachers travel by train want a rabbit two trees例句：A: Im hungry. I want something to eat.B: What about some tomatoes? Lets go to the

21、restaurant!A: Yes, lets go./d/例詞： door doctor head would短語： dear daughter red door played cards listened to the radio例句：A: What did you do last night？B: I studied last night.A: Did you study all night?B: No, I didnt. I listened to the radio for some time./k/例詞： car duck clock park短語： the back of the

22、 car ask question a quarter to six a cool cleaner例句： A: I like cheap cakes.B: You do? Do you often have cheap cakes?A: Yes, I do.B: If you want to keep fit, dont eat too many cheap cakes./g/例詞： bag dog goat green短語： good girl go to the grandpas as good as gold get a girl例句：A: Can you play the guitar

23、?B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A: You must have had a good time last night.Consonants（輔音） -fricatives（摩擦音）/f/, /v/, /, /, /s/, /z/, /, /, /h/, /, /, /r/f/例詞： friend fat fish family短語： five flowers fast food fathers face feel fine例句： A: L

24、ook at Freda! She is fifty. B: Her hat is funny. A: Look at her fur coat. Its famous./v/例詞: drive village very vest短語： lovely view village vet 獸醫(yī) leaving arriving leaves of the vine藤、葡例句： A: Whos driving the van? B: I think victor is.獲勝者 A: Who is victor? B: He is my new neighbor, he has lived here

25、for only a few months./例詞： thank month thin thirty短語： three thinkers Marthas birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句： A: My father is a mathematician. B: No wonder you are good at mathematics. A: To tell you the truth, my father never teaches me math./例詞： father there that this短語： smooth lea

26、ther get together better than others another brother例句： A: Lily is taller than Mary. B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily. A: Look at them. Theyre doing physical exercise together./s/例詞： sun small horse bicycle短語： sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some books sit in the sun例句： A: These are cups. B: Thos

27、e are saucers.茶碟 A: Theyre nice cups and saucers./z/例詞： zoo prize bees nose短語： jazz music close the windows these days zero animal例句： A: Lets go to the zoo. B: Good. I like looking at the zebras. C: I like the monkeys there. Lets go./例詞： fish sugar shoe shop短語： fashion shops friendship association社團(tuán)

28、 British shoes washing machine例句： A: This shop sells washing-machines. B: Do they sell air-conditioners, too. A: Sure./例詞： garage pleasure measure collision短語： an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句： A: Lily likes clothes for casual隨便的 wear. B: Clothes for casual wear a

29、re comfortable, A: I like to wear them in my leisure time./h/ 例詞： hat hard hen high 短語： heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon蜜月期 例句： A: There was a car accident here last Sunday. B: Oh, its horrible! A: Were you here when the accident happened? B: No, I only heard about it./例詞： chee

30、k chicken church watch短語： Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much例句： A: Where are the two children? B: Theyre having lunch. A: Here are some cherries 櫻桃for them. B: Thank you very much./例詞： jeep jar orange bridge 短語： a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice 例句

31、： A: I have an orange. B: Oh, your orange is large. Look! Ive got a large sandwich. A: Yes, it is a very large one./r/例詞： rose lorry卡車 rubber rocket短語： American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant例句： A: Rose works as a secretary at the railway station. B: She does? She i

32、s a very pretty girl. A: Yes, very.Consonants（輔音） -nasals（鼻音）/m/, /n/, / /m/例詞： moon home medicine mountain短語： man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle name例句：A: Mum has come back home.B: Marvelous.A: Mom says well go and see a movie tonight.B: Yes, we certainly will./n/例詞： neck tin night noise短

33、語： neat brandy白蘭地酒 a negative answer telephone number harden the neck例詞：A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon!B: They are wonderful.峽谷A: Who sent it to you?B: A friend of mine./例詞： ink ring sing monkey短語： ring-ding開朗的 rising diphthong雙元音 strong string playing ping-pang例句：A: Do you like drinkin

34、g tea?B: Yes, I do.A: We are advised to drink more tea than coffee.B: Tea is good for health.Consonants（輔音） -lateral（舌側(cè)音）/l/l/例詞： black light jelly全身發(fā)軟 lemon短語： early for lunch leg of lamb a glass of lemonade檸檬汽水 yellow jelly例句： A: Mum, is lunch ready? Im hungry. B: OK, lunch is ready. A: Whats for lunch, Mum? B: Well have lamb and potato salad.1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry. 2. Lets look for leaves i