漢語習(xí)語的翻譯(第四章)課件

1、第四章 漢語習(xí)語的翻譯2011. 3Teaching aims:1.To learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English idioms2. To learn about the connotation of idioms and translation methods and techniquesMain Language points:1. comparative studies of idioms2. methods, techniques and strategies of translationTe

2、aching references:1 孫致禮. 新編英漢翻譯教程M. 上外教出版社；彭長江. 英漢漢英翻譯教程M. 湖南師大出版社；2 馮偉年，最新簡明英語翻譯教程M，世界圖書出版公司，20013 陳宏薇，新編漢英翻譯教程M.上海外語教育出版社，20044 張培基. 英漢翻譯教程 M. 上海外語教育出版社，19835 包惠南. 文化語境與語言翻譯M. 中國對外翻譯出版公司，20016 馮慶華. 實(shí)用翻譯教程M. 上海外語教育出版社，19977 江峰,丁麗軍.實(shí)用翻譯M.北京. 電子 工業(yè) 出版社,2005.P988 陳文伯.英漢成語對比與翻譯M.北京.世界知識出版社.2005.P226-22

3、7Teaching methods: Analysis and PracticeTime arrangement: 4 periodsSection One Translation of English Idioms習(xí)語是經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的使用而提煉出來的固定短語或短句，是人民智慧的結(jié)晶。習(xí)語大都具有鮮明的形象，適宜于用來比喻事物，因而往往帶有濃厚的民族和地方色彩。習(xí)語有的意思明顯；有的含蓄，意在言外，可引起豐富的聯(lián)想；有的可能包含幾個(gè)意思，必須根據(jù)上下文的具體情況來明確它的意義。習(xí)語即是語言的重要修辭手段，同時(shí)其本身也是各種修辭手段的集中表現(xiàn)。不少習(xí)語前后對稱，音節(jié)優(yōu)美，韻律協(xié)調(diào)。由于習(xí)語具有這些

4、特點(diǎn)，翻譯時(shí)就要盡量保持這些特點(diǎn)。譯者除了忠實(shí)地表達(dá)原文習(xí)語的意義外，還應(yīng)盡可能保持原文習(xí)語的形象比喻、豐富聯(lián)想、修辭效果以及其民族、地方特色等。習(xí)語不僅大量出現(xiàn)在文藝作品里，在政治和科學(xué)論文中也同樣經(jīng)常遇到。習(xí)語翻譯的好壞對整個(gè)譯文的質(zhì)量有直接的影響。因此，如何處理習(xí)語是翻譯中的一個(gè)極為重要的問題。從廣義上講，習(xí)語包括俗語（colloquialisms)、諺語(proverbs)、俚語(slang expressions)、成語(set phrases) 、歇后語（enigmatic folk similes） 、典故（allusions）、格言(sayings)、慣用語等。首先介紹英語習(xí)語

5、及其翻譯。 英語習(xí)語以其精辟、形象、生動(dòng)等特點(diǎn)，牢固確立了它在英語中的重要地位。無論是在書面語言中，還是口頭語言里，英語習(xí)語都發(fā)揮著越來越顯著的作用，其數(shù)量正在日益壯大，其質(zhì)量也在不斷升華。因此，英語習(xí)語的漢譯工作也變得越來越重要。在翻譯中因望文生義而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤譯文屢見不鮮。比如下面的一個(gè)例句就有很多種譯文：He was in the seventh heaven last night.1) 他昨晚到七重天（賓館）去了。2）他昨晚去極樂世界了。3）他昨晚見上帝去了。4）他昨晚升天了。5）他昨晚歸西了。6）他昨晚見馬克思去了。 以上六種譯法都不正確。許多人總是把heaven（天堂）與“升天”或“

6、死”聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)Longman Dictionary of English Idioms的解釋，in the seventh heaven 指的是: “(not formal) in a state of great happiness or contentment”. 事實(shí)上，這條成語與宗教有關(guān)，七重天是指上帝和天使居住的天國最高層。意思是，人能身居天國最高層，與上帝和天使同在一起，自然是非常愉快的事。因此，可以譯為：“他昨晚開心到了極點(diǎn)”。再如：The children are in the seventh heaven with their new toys. 這些孩子有了新玩具開心

7、極了。 英語的習(xí)語翻譯常用的主要有三種方法：直譯法、漢語同義習(xí)語套用法、意譯法。另外，在習(xí)語翻譯中有時(shí)還用到直譯與意譯相結(jié)合法和譯文加注法。1、直譯法 直譯法指在不違背譯文語言規(guī)范以及不引起錯(cuò)誤的聯(lián)想的條件下，在譯文中保留英語習(xí)語的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。直譯法一般用于翻譯平鋪直敘、無深?yuàn)W含義、無難解典故的習(xí)語。用直譯法翻譯習(xí)語，既可以保留習(xí)語具有的民族、地方、歷史等色彩，又有助于不斷地從外國引進(jìn)一些新鮮生動(dòng)的詞語、句法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方法等,從而豐富譯文的語言。例如：1) Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second

8、World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated. 希特勒在發(fā)動(dòng)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)是武裝到牙齒的，可是不過幾年，就被徹底打敗了。這里的習(xí)語armed to the teeth形象生動(dòng)，一直都譯為武裝到牙齒，已用得很習(xí)慣了；如意譯為全副武裝，語氣反而變?nèi)酢?2) Say one word more, and Ill bury a white blade in you and pull it red. 再說別的，我讓你白刀子進(jìn)去，紅刀子出來。原文中bury a white blade in you and pull it red (把

9、白刀子捅進(jìn)你身體，拔出來是紅色的)與漢語習(xí)語白刀子進(jìn)去，紅刀子出來意思基本吻合，也保留了原來習(xí)語中的比喻、形象等特色。 英語的習(xí)語可以分為兩類。一類是平鋪直敘的，既無太深的含義，也無難解的典故。這一類的習(xí)語可以用直譯法在漢語中找到對等的表達(dá)： fight to the last man 戰(zhàn)斗到最后一個(gè)人 break the record 打破記錄 under ones nose 在某人鼻子低下 packed like sardines 擠得像罐頭沙丁魚 a gentlemans agreement 君子協(xié)定 dig ones own自掘墳?zāi)筧 thorn in the flesh 肉中刺、眼中

10、釘Blood is thicker than water.血濃于水。The open-door policy 門戶開放政策 the most-favoured-nation clause 最惠國條款the position-of-strength policy 實(shí)力地位政策shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交Easy come easy go.來的容易去的快 the cold war 冷戰(zhàn)the hot war 熱戰(zhàn)A cat has nine lives. 貓有九命Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人A rolling stone gathers no mo

11、ss. 滾石不生苔knit ones brows 皺眉頭last but not the least 最后但不是最不重要的一點(diǎn)laugh in ones face 當(dāng)面嘲笑lay sth to heart 把某事放在心上have pity on sb. 同情某人To show ones cards攤牌 golden age黃金時(shí)代 Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鳥,一舉兩得另一類英語習(xí)語，有著相當(dāng)明顯的比喻意義，其中不少一部分有著一定的歷史或神話典故。這一類習(xí)語中有些因使用范圍廣、歷史久，其字面意義和比喻意義都能為中國讀者接受。此類習(xí)語也采用直譯法。如：T

12、he Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬（喻暗臧的敵人或危險(xiǎn)）The heel of Achilles（亦作The Achilles Heel）阿基里斯的腳踵（喻唯一弱點(diǎn)；薄弱環(huán)節(jié)；要害）The Sword of Damocles達(dá)摩克里斯頭頂上的劍(喻時(shí)刻存在的危險(xiǎn)) sour grapes 酸葡萄（喻阿Q精神）an olive branch 橄欖樹枝（象征和平）Tower of ivory 象牙塔（喻世外桃源）Sphinxs riddle 斯芬克司之謎（喻難解之謎）As wise as Solomon 像所羅門一樣聰明（喻非常富有智慧）The fifth column 第五縱隊(duì)（喻間諜）

13、A Judas kiss 猶大之吻（喻可恥的背叛行為）Crocodile tears 鱷魚的眼淚（喻假慈悲）Wash ones hands of 洗手不干；撒手不管New wine in old bottle 舊瓶裝新酒（喻舊形式不適合新內(nèi)容）Castle in Spain西班牙城堡（幻想，夢想，相當(dāng)于漢語中的空中樓閣castle in the air） 2、同義習(xí)語套用法英漢兩種語言都擁有豐富多彩的習(xí)語，不同的民族由于人們對待事物的情感態(tài)度和社會(huì)經(jīng)歷相類似，也就必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些具有相同的意義和修辭色彩完全相同或大體相同的習(xí)語。 1）雙方完全相同的習(xí)語 To praise to the skie

14、s 捧上天去 To add fuel to the fire 火上澆油 To fish in troubled waters 混水摸魚 Walls have ears 隔墻有耳 To be on thin ice 如履薄冰 Strike while the iron is hot 趁熱打鐵 To be in the same boat同舟共濟(jì) 2）雙方擁有的大體相同的形象比喻的習(xí)語 A drop in the oceans 滄海一粟 To laugh off ones head 笑掉牙齒To be out at elbows 捉襟見肘 To shed crocodile tears 貓哭老鼠

15、At six and sevens 七顛八倒,亂七八糟 Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八兩 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boys. 一個(gè)和尚挑水喝,兩個(gè)和尚抬水喝,三個(gè)和尚沒水喝 3、意譯法 在翻譯時(shí)如果不可能或沒有必要保留英語習(xí)語的表達(dá)形式，且漢語中也找不到合適的同義習(xí)語來套用，就得使用意譯法結(jié)合上下文把習(xí)語的含義表達(dá)出來，也就是在翻譯時(shí)使用另外一個(gè)中國讀者能接受的類似的習(xí)語來翻譯，這種譯法常用于引喻中。 A fish out of water 很不自在 To

16、 break the ice打破沉默 Born with a silver spoon in ones mouth 生長在富貴之家 Wet blanket令人掃興 Two heads are better than one人多智慧大 Teach fish to swim班門弄斧 There is no smoke without fire無風(fēng)不起浪 Drink like a fish牛飲 4、直譯與意譯相結(jié)合 為了完整地表現(xiàn)習(xí)語的形式結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。首先需要直譯其意義，然后需要采用意譯的形式表現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在的涵義。 To get blood from a stone石中取血, 不可能的事 A bull

17、in a china shop公牛闖進(jìn)瓷器店, 魯莽闖禍的人To make hay while the sun shines 趁著天晴曬干草 勿失良機(jī) 5、譯文加注法 有些習(xí)語具有濃厚的地方色彩、民族色彩、或具有典故性,意義豐富，生動(dòng)形象。翻譯時(shí)如不加注就無法表達(dá)出原意。例如: to carry coals to Newcastle譯成“運(yùn)煤到紐卡索,多此一舉?！碑?dāng)然，如果讀者不了解這類習(xí)語的背景，即使加注，還是不能讓讀者了解為什么運(yùn)煤到紐卡索是多此一舉。有時(shí)必須采用加注說明的方法：紐卡索是英國的一個(gè)產(chǎn)煤中心,運(yùn)煤到紐卡索是完全沒必要的,是多余的。這種方法可能會(huì)影響閱讀的流暢,我們應(yīng)該慎用。再

18、如：Can the leopard change his spots? 豹子改不了身上的斑點(diǎn)，本性難移。 To shed crocodile tears 貓哭耗子，假慈悲翻譯英語習(xí)語非常復(fù)雜,難學(xué)更難譯,我們可以用不同的形式來表達(dá)相同的意思。準(zhǔn)確的翻譯習(xí)語,要求我們要有深厚的文學(xué)修養(yǎng)和文化基礎(chǔ),要多讀有關(guān)中西方的歷史、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、地理等方面的書籍。在閱讀中積累知識,以便更好地進(jìn)行翻譯，翻譯更需要在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),另外還需要譯者間的相互交流。 Translation of Chinese Idioms 1、 漢語習(xí)語的概念與特點(diǎn) 習(xí)語是勞動(dòng)人民長期沿襲使用的定型詞組或短語。習(xí)語一般具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，形

19、式簡練，含義精辟，形象鮮明，表達(dá)生動(dòng)等特點(diǎn)，因而為人們所喜聞樂用，廣為流傳。漢語習(xí)語在廣義上包括成語、俗語、諺語、歇后語、格言和方言等，類別繁多，民族特色突出。正因?yàn)槿绱耍?xí)語的翻譯也比較復(fù)雜。1）漢語四字詞組的特點(diǎn)與翻譯四字詞組通常有四個(gè)要素構(gòu)成，通常分為前后兩部分。兩部分之間的語法關(guān)系可以是主謂、動(dòng)賓、偏正或并列關(guān)系。因此，四字詞組又可分為主謂詞組、動(dòng)賓詞組、偏正詞組和聯(lián)合詞組。 直譯法直譯的優(yōu)勢是能夠比較完整地保留漢語四字詞組的比喻形象、民族色彩和語言風(fēng)格。但直譯必須以不引起譯文讀者的誤解和不違背譯文表達(dá)習(xí)慣為前提。 直譯法舉例：（1）處理人民內(nèi)部的矛盾，必須堅(jiān)持和風(fēng)細(xì)雨的方法，堅(jiān)持“團(tuán)

20、結(jié)批評團(tuán)結(jié)”的方法。It is essential to persist in using methods as mild as drizzle and as gentle as breeze, and to adhere to the formula of “unitycriticismunity”, in dealing with contradictions among the people. (2) 他偷雞不著蝕把米。 He tried to steal a chicken only to end up losing the rice. / He went for wool and c

21、ome back shorn. (shorn: past participle of shearcut off wool from sheep) （3）所以這李執(zhí)雖然青春喪偶，且處于高粱錦繡之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不問。So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside world.(4) “他一家子在這兒，他的房子、地在這兒，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了廟?！保ㄋ渍Z）（周立波暴風(fēng)

22、驟雨）“Escape? But his home and property cant escape. “The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him”.(5) 咳，這一來，竹籃子打水一場空了！(歇后語）（梁斌紅旗譜）Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.意譯法 意譯主要是指翻譯時(shí)抓住原文內(nèi)容和寓意這一重要方面，犧牲形象結(jié)合上下文比較靈活地傳達(dá)原義。（1）劉雨生回到鄉(xiāng)政府，把老謝的話，一五一十，告訴了鄧秀枚和李月琴。（習(xí)語）（周立波山鄉(xiāng)巨變）When Liu Yusheng go

23、t back to the township government, he recounted everything Lao Xie said in detail to Deng Xiumei and Li Yuhui. (2) 他竟干些偷雞摸狗的事。 He always does things stealthily. / He has illicit relations with women.（3）他講起話來總是眉飛色舞。 He always beams with joy when speaking.(4)她怕碰一鼻子灰，話到嘴邊，她又把它吞了下去。（矛盾子夜）She was afraid

24、of being snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came to her lips.(5) 運(yùn)濤好久不來信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。（梁斌紅旗譜）For many months no letter came from Yuntao till his whole family worried over him day and night.(6) 我要有個(gè)三長兩短，你給玉山捎個(gè)話！（杜鵬程保衛(wèi)延安）If anything should happen to me, let Yushan know!節(jié)譯法在漢語習(xí)語中，常有并列對偶結(jié)構(gòu)，用兩個(gè)不同的喻體

25、表達(dá)相同的喻意。例如“取之不盡用之不竭”，銅墻鐵壁“等。對此類習(xí)語可采用節(jié)譯法，即省去并列重復(fù)的部分，保留它的基本喻意。（1）冷淡的陽光照著他們的愁眉苦臉和長發(fā)白眼。（曲波林海雪原） The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes.（2）忽然有人在牡丹亭畔，長吁短嘆。（羅貫中三國演義） Suddenly he heard a rustle in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply (rustle: make slight s

26、ounds like paper, dry leaves, silk, etc. moving or being rubbed together沙沙作響）（3）最可惡的是行里的同人背后罵我是老糊涂，瞎了眼，叫一個(gè)不學(xué)無術(shù)的三等貨來做我的襄理。（曹禹日出What is most detestable is that all my colleagues in the bank call me a blind old fool behind my back because I have engaged an uneducated third-rater as my assistant. (4) “這

27、斷子絕孫的啊Q”! 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地聽得小尼姑的帶哭的聲音。（魯迅啊Q正傳）“Ah Q, may you die sonless!” sounded the little nuns voice tearfully in the distance.借用英語中的同義習(xí)語 （1）只有大膽地破釜沉舟地跟他們斗，也許有翻身的那一天。 All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top.（2）我沒想到他對同志們的批評竟充耳不聞。 I didnt expect him to

28、 turn a deaf ear to the comrades criticism. (3) 你不該在這兒喝酒，不過我愿意(對此事)睜一只眼閉一只眼。 You shouldnt really drink here, but Im willing to turn a blind eye (to it). (4) 我叫孩子們上床睡覺，可他們把我的話當(dāng)耳邊風(fēng)，還留在這里不動(dòng)。 I told the children to go to bed, but it went in one ear and out the other, and theyre still here. (5) 快告訴我們發(fā)生了什

29、么，我們正洗耳恭聽呢。 Tell us what happened; were all ears!直譯和意譯兼用法（1）她一個(gè)單身人，無親無故。(曹禹雷雨） She was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her. （2）王冕一路風(fēng)餐露宿，九十里大站、七十里小站，一徑來到山東濟(jì)南府地方。（吳敬梓儒林外史）Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian traveled day after day past large posting station

30、 and small one till he came to the city of Jinan. (brave: to face or risk facing danger, pain, or trouble without showing fear) (eg. He braved his parents displeasure by marrying her. 不顧父母的不滿） （3）我說二三百兩銀子，你說二三十兩！“戴著斗笠親嘴，差著一帽子”！（吳敬梓儒林外史）When I say two or three hundred taels, you say twenty or thirty!

31、 Its like kissing in straw helmetsthe lips are far apart!直譯加注一般用于含有典故的漢語習(xí)語。（1）司馬昭之心，固已路人皆知。（毛澤東選集二卷）This Sima Zhaos trick is obvious to every man in the street.(Sima Zhao was a prime minister of Wei (220-256) who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once remarked: “Sima Zhaos in

32、tention is obvious to every man in the street.”) (2) 窮棒子鬧翻身，是八仙過海，各顯其能（周立波暴風(fēng)驟雨）The way we poor folks try to emancipate ourselves, is just like the way the Eight Fairies crossed the sea each displaying his own talent (注： The Eight Fairies are the eight immortals of Taoism in Chinese folklore.)2）諺語的特點(diǎn)

33、與翻譯諺語就是對各種生活現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行綜合概括并在群眾中廣泛流傳運(yùn)用的語言。這些諺語的極大部分是勞動(dòng)人民對長期生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的科學(xué)總結(jié)。英語和漢語的諺語都有這樣的特點(diǎn)：比喻生動(dòng)，寓意深刻，用詞精練，沒有一個(gè)多余的詞，單句講究韻律，雙句講究對仗，文體非?？谡Z化，便于記憶流傳。如何翻譯諺語？是直譯還是意譯？這完全取決于諺語的語言特點(diǎn)和文化背景。直譯法 （1） 明槍易躲，暗箭難防。It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from a hidden place.Cf: It is easy t

34、o dodge an open spear thrust, but difficult to guard against an arrow in the dark.It is easy to parry a spear-thrust in the open, but hard to evade an arrow shot in the dark.A visible spear is easily withstood, but an unseen arrow is hard to guard against. A spear openly discharged at you is easy to

35、 avoid, but it is difficult to guard against such as are discharged in secret. Better on open enemy than a false friend.（2） 城門失火，殃及池魚。A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat .Cf: When the city gate catches fire, the fish in the moat suffer from it the innocent are involved. A

36、 city fire causes calamity to the pond fish. In a disturbance innocent by-standers get into trouble. Innocent people get into trouble on account of others misfortune. When the city burns, the fish in the moat suffervictim of disaster of anothers doing.（3）路遙知馬力，日久見人心。As a long road tests a horses str

37、ength, so a long task proves the sincerity of a person. Cf: A long journey proves the stamina of a horse and the passage of time tells the true from the false. As distance tests a horses strength, so time reveals a persons heart. Distance determines the stamina of a horse. It takes a long trip to ga

38、uge (measure, determine) the strength of a horse and a long time to gauge the heart of a man. One judges a horses worth by long-distance rides and a mans character by long association with him. Time is a revealer of a mans sincerity. Time reveals the true heart of a man.（4） 初生牛犢不怕虎。New-born calves m

39、ake little / light of tigers. Cf: Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers.Young people are fearless. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. The newborn calf fears no tigers. 意譯法 （1）失之東隅，收之桑榆。What you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts. Cf: lose at sunrise and gain at sunsetWhat is los

40、t in the morning is gained in the evening.（2） 塞翁失馬，安知非福？A loss may turn out to be a gain. Misfortune may (prove to) be a blessing in disguise. Nothing so bad, as not to be good for sth.（3） 此地?zé)o銀三百兩。A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. (noticeably)套譯法（1） 一次被火燒，

41、二次避火苗。/ 一朝被蛇咬三年怕井繩。A burnt child dreads the fire. / Once bitten, twice shy. （2） 半瓶醋，出事故。A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.（3） 少見多怪。Wonder is the daughter of ignorance.Cf: Having seen little, one gets excited easily./ The less one sees the more there will be to wonder at.（4） 三思而后行。Look before y

42、ou leap. Translation of English IdiomsThe spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.Murder will out.Cherish a snake in ones bosom.Much ado about nothing.Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.A good conscience is a soft pillow.Throw a sprat to catch a whale.無事生非;無事自擾殺雞取卵;竭澤而漁吃小虧占大便宜Practice 1 我喝我的清茶

43、 他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。 面對別人成功與榮耀，我喝我的清茶，我明白那掌聲已有所屬，匆匆忙忙趕過去，不會(huì)有成功等著你。還是自己再創(chuàng)業(yè)績吧，跟著別人只能摸著成功的尾巴。 凡事不逃避，我喝我的清茶。荷花居污泥而不染，若為怕水污而種在旱地上，它早就枯死了。人生也一樣，避惡、避丑、避邪，只能說明自己心里脆弱。 一個(gè)自我安定的人不怕環(huán)境污染自己的，而有力量影響他人。古代孟母三遷是為了怕孩子受壞影響，要為自己就沒有必要逃避了，后來孟子長大成人后也沒聽說孟母再搬家。 自我安定可不是找一個(gè)安寧的所在，而恰恰是在紊亂的環(huán)境中保持安定的心境，“定”是一種境界，是居于多變之中的不動(dòng)搖

44、。只有達(dá)到這一境界才能掌握自己的方向，才能做到“他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶?！?. Practice 2Put the following sentences into English1. 咱們不能黑影里點(diǎn)燈，只看腳下。2.“那么，什么時(shí)候解決戰(zhàn)斗？還是老牛拉破車，漫漫吞吞的嗎？”3.他咯咯的笑著說：“這叫畫餅充饑！”4.“人勤地不懶”，這話真不假。5.最重要的是，她不是小姐堆里嬌生慣養(yǎng)出來的人。6.人怕出名豬怕壯。（槍打出頭鳥。）7.“不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么會(huì)抽上了鴉片煙？”8.薛蟠也假說來上學(xué)，不過是：“三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng)”卻不見有一點(diǎn)進(jìn)益。9.送君千里，終有一別。10.東風(fēng)壓倒西風(fēng)。

45、11.夫妻無隔夜之仇。12.打蛇打七寸13.打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。14.他對鄉(xiāng)里的情況，了如指掌。15.他的話簡直是火上加油。16. 她覺得丈夫這句話說的對，真是一針見血，點(diǎn)頭附和道17.木已成舟，也只好如此了。18.后來出嫁了，兩個(gè)人還藕斷絲連，這只能怪包辦婚姻，不能怪她。19.這正是青黃不接的季節(jié)。20.事實(shí)勝于雄辯，水落自然石出。21.這剛按下葫蘆，飄又起來了。（按下葫蘆浮起瓢。）22. 別拉大旗作虎皮了。.23. 一字千金。24. 忠孝兩全。25. 忠言逆耳。26. 忠言逆耳利于行。27. 老將出馬，一個(gè)頂倆。28. 老鴰窩里出鳳凰。29. 老虎也有打盹時(shí)。30. 老貓不在家，耗子要

46、成精。31. 老牛不飲水，不能強(qiáng)按頭。32. 老中青三結(jié)合33. “勤儉節(jié)約，吃穿不愁”是我母親的格言。34. 人生自古誰無死，留取丹心照汗青。35. 人生一世，草生一秋。Practice 1 譯文1I am Content to Drink my Plain TeaBy Wang ShuchunLet others make merry with the best wines; I am content to drink my plain tea. In life we need to keep a tranquil mood.While others revel in their succ

47、ess and glory, I drink my plain tea in contentment. Knowing that the applause has gone to whom it belongs, I wont rush over in the hope of tumbling on success also. Instead, I will make a solid effort to accomplish my own goal. Those who follow others will always fall short of success. I always conf

48、ront the reality over a cup of plain tea. The lotus, though growing in mud, emerges unsullied from the filth. If, for fear that it should get soiled, one had planted it on dry land, it would have long withered away. The same is true with life. Only a weak mind is afraid of encountering ugliness, vic

49、es and evils. A person with a tranquil frame of mind will not fear the adverse influence from people around him. Instead he is strong enough to exert a positive influence on them. In ancient times, Mencius mother moved three times to shun the bad influence from the neighbourhood on her sons upbringi

50、ng. She did not do that for her own sake, for there was no need to. After Mencius had grown up, she did not move even once.Practice 1 譯文 2 我喝我的清茶 Contenting Myself with Plain Tea 他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。 Human life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While other may be wining and dining,

51、 Im content with plain tea. 面對別人成功與榮耀，我喝我的清茶，我明白那掌聲已有所屬，匆匆忙忙趕過去，不會(huì)有成功等著你。 Not dazzled by other peoples aura of success and glamour, Ill indulge in my simple pleasure. Clearly aware where the credit goes, I wont join in the rush in the vain hope of accepting the prize to be handed to me on a plate. 還

52、是自己再創(chuàng)業(yè)績吧，跟著別人只能摸著成功的尾巴。 The best a blind follower can do is tailing after the winners. The only alternative is to create wonders of ones own. 凡事不逃避，我喝我的清茶。荷花居污泥而不染，若為怕水污而種在旱地上，它早就枯死了。I stick to the pureness of my pleasure, never escaping from reality. The lotus grows in the mud without being tainted

53、. If, to avoid the dirt, one plants it on dry clean ground, it simply wont grow. 人生也一樣，避惡、避丑、避邪，只能說明自己心里脆弱。The same holds true for human beings. Shrinking from what is ugly, vile and evil only proves the frailty of ones character. 一個(gè)自我安定的人不怕環(huán)境污染自己的，而有力量影響他人。 A person in full possession of mental ser

54、enity never stands in fear of being mentally contaminated by the filthy environment. On the contrary, he can exercise positive influences all around. 古代孟母三遷是為了怕孩子受壞影響，要為自己就沒有必要逃避了，后來孟子長大成人后也沒聽說孟母再搬家。 Menciuss mother made three removals during his childhood to keep him away from bad influences, which

55、 did not pose any problem for her. History does not record any more of such removals after he grew up. 自我安定可不是找一個(gè)安寧的所在，而恰恰是在紊亂的環(huán)境中保持安定的心境，“定”是一種境界，是居于多變之中的不動(dòng)搖。Enjoying the tranquility of mind does not mean hiding oneself in a haven (安全地，避難所). What is meant is the maintenance of such a mental state i

56、n the midst of chaos, i.e. moral immovability amidst kaleidoscopic (萬花筒似的，千變?nèi)f化的) changes. ( e.g. a kaleidoscopic picture of the international and domestic problems 國際和國內(nèi)問題的瞬間萬變的景象)只有達(dá)到這一境界才能掌握自己的方向，才能做到“他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。” . Only a person who has attained this plane (state, level) can be a real master o

57、f his destiny, contenting himself with the purest and simplest pleasure.Practice 21.咱們不能黑影里點(diǎn)燈，只看腳下。 Lets not light a lamp in the dark which shows only our feet.2. .“那么，什么時(shí)候解決戰(zhàn)斗？還是老牛拉破車，漫漫吞吞的嗎？”“Well, then, when are you going to get this battle finished off? Are you still going to be the old bullock

58、pulling a broken cart, creeping slowly along?”3. 他咯咯的笑著說：“這叫畫餅充饑！” Now he chuckled and commented: “Thats called Drawing a cake to satisfy your hunger. ” 4. .“人勤地不懶”，這話真不假。“If man is diligent, soil is not idle.” How true the proverb is! 5. 最重要的是，她不是小姐堆里嬌生慣養(yǎng)出來的人。Whats most important, she isnt one of t

59、hose well-born young ladies whove been pampered and spoiled all their lives.6. 人怕出名豬怕壯。（槍打出頭鳥。） Fame is as fatal to men as fattening to pigs. Or: A man dreads fame as a pig dreads being fat. Or: Fame portends (預(yù)兆) trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs.7. “不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么會(huì)抽上了鴉片煙？” “Had it no

60、t been for the influence of devils, how would a decent fellow like him have taken to smoking opium?” 8. 薛蟠也假說來上學(xué)，不過是：“三天大魚兩天曬網(wǎng)”卻不見有一點(diǎn)進(jìn)益。Xue Pan hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence “one day fishing and two days to dry the net” as they sayand had