直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法講解19774上課講義

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法講解一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說(shuō)的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)（directspeech）。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)（indirectspeech）oMr.Blacksaid,“rmbusy.”Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.二、直接引語(yǔ)陳述句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱(chēng)的變化Hesaid,Ilikeitverymuch.”tHesaidthathelik

2、editverymuch.（I改為he,it不變）Hesaid,YOutoldmethisstory.”tHesaidthatLhadtoldhimthatstory.（You改為I,me改為him,told改為hadtold）tHetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.(Sheshehad,her不變，yourtmy)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱(chēng)（如：I,me,my，mine,we，us，our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱(chēng)。把直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱(chēng)（you，your，yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(yǔ)（即聽(tīng)話人，如無(wú)聽(tīng)

3、話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱(chēng)）相一致的人稱(chēng)。直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱(chēng)（he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their，theirs，them）變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)不變。2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化（1）主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）般將來(lái)時(shí)般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)般將來(lái)進(jìn)仃時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)般將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)Hesaid,“IuSlyqwatchTVonSunday.”Hesaidthatheusual

4、lywatchedTVonSunday.Hesaid,musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,HSvenotheardfromhimsineeMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsineeMay.Hesaid,“Cametohelpyou.”fHesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“dfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”fHesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.ZhouLansa

5、id,lidoitafterclass.”fZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Hesaid,shallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”fHesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.Hesaid,“Wballhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.”fHesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,

6、“TheeOnthiound.”fTheteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid,wasborninShangdongin1965.”fHesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)一律不變Hesays,finishedthework.Hesaysthathefinishedthework.Hewillsay,haVewateredtheflowers.”Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.3、指示代詞、時(shí)

7、間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化見(jiàn)下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)扌詁代詞this/thesethat/tho5enowtlientodaythatdaytonigtitthatnightthisweekCnnantti.)thatweekCmonth時(shí)間狀譜yesterdaytheda/beforelastweek(month.Jtheek(TOnth.befbretvroweeksrnonttijigotwovveeksmonthsjbefcretomorrowthenextdeynextweek(month)thenextwveek(month一一.)電點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)heretherecamegobringta

8、keHesaid,ImetMr.Smitthismorning.tHesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemyesterday.”Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.Lilysaid,“IwillcomebaeXtmonth.”Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.Hesaid,“Itisnineoclockow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineoclockthen.Hesaid,“Ihaventseenhetoday.

9、”Hesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.Shesaid,“Iwenttheyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.Shesaid,“rIIgothetemorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.巧記:去掉引號(hào)加that，人稱(chēng)變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語(yǔ)變化按規(guī)定。三、直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如為疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序改為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。其人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if（或whether）替引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和狀語(yǔ)要變化

10、，千萬(wàn)別把它忘掉。1、直接引語(yǔ)是一般問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me,him,her,them,us等。Shesaid,“yourfatheranengineer?”fSheaskedmewhethermyfatherwasanengineer.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?fTheteacheraskedLiMingwhetherhehadfinishedhis

11、homework.2、直接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞what,where,when,who,howmany作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句，但須將疑問(wèn)式的動(dòng)詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning?”myfriendaidtome.fMyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.Wherehaveyoubeen,LiMing?”theteachasked.TheteacheraskedLiMingwhere

12、hehadbeen.Iaskedher,HoWmanyEnglishbookswillyoureadnextterm?IaskedherhowmanyEnglishbooksshewouldreadthenextterm.Whendidyougetupthismorning?”askedmyfather.MyfatheraskedmewhenIhadgotupthatmorning.注意：直接引語(yǔ)里是：Whatswrongwith?/Whatsthematter?/Whatsthetrouble?/Whathashappened?/等特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。HesaidtoherWh

13、atsthematterwithyou?他問(wèn)她你怎么了？”Heaskedherwhatwasthematterwithher.他問(wèn)她怎么了。四、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句巧記：去掉引號(hào)要加to；ask，order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。Hesaid.“Sitdown,please.”Heaskedmetositdown.Theteachersaid._knclass!”Theteachertoldusnottotalkinclass!Thecaptainsaidtohismen,“Fire!Thecaptainorderedhismentofire五、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)改錯(cuò)：Hesaidtha

14、theisgoingtoLondon.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.3.Sheaskedmedontsmokeintheroom.Theyaskedthathewasthere.5askedyouwherewashegoing.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,Notwaitforme.HeaskedmewhoIam.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.將下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ)me.“Wh

15、erewillyougotomorrow?Theoldwomansaidtome,Pleaselockthedoorforme.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.Hesaid,“Illgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”“Hello,howareyou?”,hesaidtome.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydontyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?”JohnsaidtoMary,“Doyouremember

16、Iborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?”TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Dontmakethesamemistakeagain.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”,Iaskedher.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.參考答案：1.iswas2.yesterdaythedaybef(3dontnotto4.thatifwashehewas6.not后面力口to7.NotDont8.amwastomorrowthenextday10.wasthematter1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.HeaskedmehowIwas.Tomas