牛津英語8Bunit1重點知識歸納(經(jīng)典)

1、PAGE PAGE 78B Unit 1一.精選詞匯重點短語 1. the changes to Sunshine Town陽光鎮(zhèn)的變化the changes to 的變化 (p8)知識鏈接change n.變化，常用復(fù)數(shù)changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.2. in the southern part of town in the southern part of在的南部south southern知識鏈接east東部eastern東部的, west western, north northern3. in the

2、past在過去at present現(xiàn)在in the future未來；將來，注意這些短語中的介詞和冠詞。4. turn the place into a park turninto把變成知識鏈接Heat turns water into vapor.熱使水變成蒸氣。Turn this sentence into English.5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋，e.g. Its pleasant to play cards and Chinese chess.6. water pollution水污染air pollution空氣污染，noise po

3、llution噪音污染 (p9)知識鏈接Water pollution was a problem before. 7. used to dump its waste into water used to do sth過去常做某事，注意否定式、疑問式的形式知識鏈接used to do sth 否定式used not to do sth或didnt use to do sth疑問式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? There be和used to合用的形式為There used to be。根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換：She used to teach

4、history. 否定式：She used teach history.或She didnt teach history. 疑問式： she teach history?或Did she teach history?用法拓展be used to do sthbe used for doing sth被用于做某事，e.g. Stamps are used to send letters.Stamps are used for sending letters. be/become/get used to sth習(xí)慣于某事，be/become/get used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事，

5、e.g. My grandma used to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. Tom is used to getting up early.8. in some ways在某種程度上；在某些方面in this way以這種方式9. feel a bit lonely from time to time from time to timeat timessometimes有時；不時地知識鏈接a bit形容詞原級或比較級a little形容詞原級或比較級，有點 a bit of不可數(shù)名詞a littl

6、e不可數(shù)名詞 e.g. a bit of watera little water用法拓展not a littlevery非常，not a bitnotat all一點也不10. throw away扔掉“動詞副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，e.g. throw it/them away11. have an interview with sbinterview sb采訪某人；對某人面試；與某人面談 (p12)知識鏈接My parents have had an interview with my teacher. They interviewed 20 people for the job. There are

7、a number of interviews with some famous football players.12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾見過的最好的模型 (p17)知識鏈接the形容詞最高級名詞單數(shù)sb have/has ever done，某人曾做過的最的 the most wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看過的最精彩的比賽用法拓展ever通常用于疑問句中或否定句中。e.g. Have/Has sb ever done sth? Nobody ever stepped in this c

8、avern.沒人曾經(jīng)踏進(jìn)過這洞穴。 ever since自從起到現(xiàn)在(用于現(xiàn)在完成時)，for everforever永遠(yuǎn)；永久地13. move into the new flatsmove into搬進(jìn)，move out of搬出 (p18)14. lend me a booklend sb sthlend sth to sb把某物借給某人，是“借出”。知識鏈接borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，是“借入”。15. a recent photo一張近期照片，write about the changes to Moonlight Town (p21)16. a tourist

9、 attraction旅游勝地attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方attract vt.吸引attractive有吸引力的It has become a new tourist attraction. Hepburns beauty and charm attracted Colettes attention. 詞匯解析1. 常見的交通工具：bike/bicycle, bus, double-decker雙層巴士, coach長途汽車, tram有軌電車, taxi, train, underground, light rail輕軌, plane, hot-air balloon熱氣球

10、, aero done滑翔機(jī)2. Using a dictionary: The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from “A” to “Z”. This helps us find the words we want quickly. If two words starts with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are t

11、he same, we look at the third letter, and so on. e.g. The word “ball” comes before the word “banana”.3. centuryone hundred years世紀(jì)；百年。某世紀(jì)用序數(shù)詞。如：21世紀(jì)the twenty-first century。“在某世紀(jì)”用介詞in，如：in the 20th century在20世紀(jì)。二. 重點句型1. Eddie, have you seen my food? Yes, Ive just eaten it. (p6)2. Youve changed, Ed

12、die. You were kind. Now youre not. I dont want to play with you any more.3. Youve changed too. You always wanted to play with me. always過去式used to do sth4. Coaches have been in use/service in Beijing since 1958. have been in usehave been used 5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old a

13、nd have lived here since then. (p8)6. Have you ever moved house? move house搬家7. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married結(jié)婚get/be married to sb與某人結(jié)婚知識鏈接marry sb與某人結(jié)婚，e.g. She married a football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁給某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人結(jié)

14、婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已經(jīng)結(jié)婚”用have/has got married，表示“已經(jīng)結(jié)婚多久”用have/has been married for時間段或since時間點。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 years.不能說成They have got married for 5 years.用法拓展marriage n.婚姻e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of m

15、arriage next month.8. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? change a lot變化大知識鏈接over the yearsin the last/past years這些年來，這是現(xiàn)在完成時的一個標(biāo)志。9. There once was a shoe factory. There once was/wereOnce there was/were從前有。10. Later, the government realized it was a very serious problem and took action

16、to reduce the pollution. take action to do sth采取行動做某事，reduce the pollution減少污染 (p9)知識鏈接action (拍攝影視時用語)開始 動作，e.g. action film動作片，action star動作明星a very serious problem非常嚴(yán)重的問題problem(需要著手解決的)問題；難題，question(需要回答的)問題 e.g. solve a Maths problem, answer my question11. It is different for him to see some o

17、f them as often as before. (p12)知識鏈接It isadj.for sb to do sth. as often as before像以前一樣經(jīng)常asas12. Things have changed a lot over the years.Great changes have taken place over the years. 13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. take sb to school送某人上學(xué)14. I have the same feeling too

18、. Do you sometimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)知識鏈接bring advantages to 給帶來好處，advantage優(yōu)點；有利條件disvantage缺點；不利條件 cause problems for給帶來麻煩三 語法語法：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響

19、和結(jié)果。它經(jīng)常與never, just, before, yet, already, ever。連用其中already用在陳述句中。在疑問句或否定句中常用yet代替already.I have already done my homework.Has Jim called yet?表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還將延續(xù)下去，經(jīng)常與for, since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，此時動詞必須具有延續(xù)性。The old man has died for two years.（錯） The old man has been dead for two years. （對）常見的瞬間性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性

20、動詞如下表格： 非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用時的表達(dá)方法buyhaveborrowkeepclosebe closedopenbe opencome to, go tobe in (on, at)joinbe a member of;be a member;be in, be withmove tolive indiebe deadleavebe away (from)wakebe awakestart, beginbe onendbe overfall asleep, get to sleepbe asleepget upbe upturn on sth., turn off sth.sth.

21、 be on, sth. be offreturn, come back, get back, go backbe backget back (取回)have backreach, arrive in (at), get tobe in (on, at)get to knowknowget, turn, become (變得，成為)作系動詞behear from, get ( receive) a letter fromhave a letter from現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：have (has)v (過去分詞) have (has) 為助動詞 陳述句 一般疑問句 否定句I have read H

22、ave you read I havent readHe has read Has he read He hasnt read疑難題導(dǎo)析He has never _ a pen before.A. lose B. to lose C. lost D. losing解析 答案為C。本題主要考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對謂語動詞的要求。現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是have (has)過去分詞。本題空白處需要填過去分詞，這樣，A、B、D都不對。誤：My aunt has arrived in Hefei for two weeks.正：My aunt has been in Hefei for two week

23、s.正：My aunt arrived in Hefei two weeks ago.解析：本題主要考查謂語動詞與時間狀語的搭配關(guān)系，終止性動詞一般不能和表示長度的時間狀語連用，遇此情形，要么改變謂語動詞，要么改變時間狀語和時態(tài)。誤：The twins have not got home already.正：The twins have not got home yet.解析：本題主要考查yet與already的用法區(qū)別，兩個詞都是副詞，常與完成時態(tài)連用。yet 用于否定句和疑問句，通常置于句尾；already 常用于肯定句，當(dāng)用于疑問句時，表示驚訝或希望得到肯定的答復(fù)，不用于否定句中，它可以

24、在主要動詞之前，也可置于句末。Jim has been at the factory_ two years ago.A. for B. since C. before D. after解析：答案為B。本題主要考查時間狀語與謂語的關(guān)系。for后跟時間段表示一段時間，since 后跟時間的起點，表示一段時間，before 表示在什么時間之前，after則表示在什么時間之后。本句是完成時態(tài)，指自兩年前以來如何，且兩年前是個時間的（起）點，因此，此處應(yīng)用since.誤：I saw the film twice already.正：Ive seen the film twice already.解析：本

25、題主要是一般過去時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的概念錯誤。這電影我已看過兩遍，說明我現(xiàn)在對電影內(nèi)容很了解，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。_you _ your watch?No, _.A. Did, find out, I didnt B. Have, found, not yetC. Have, looked for, I havent D. Did, find, not yet答案選“B”。全句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止的情況“是否找到了手表”，答語；Not yet 相當(dāng)于說 I havent found it yet.I have never seen the film _.A. ago B. just

26、now C. before D. later答案選“C”。 動詞時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，與之搭配的詞必須是ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等詞。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般過去時的句子中，用later意思不通。Aunt Li _ her hometown for a long time.A. has left B. left C. has gone to D. has been away from答案選“D”。與for a long time搭配的動詞應(yīng)該表示延續(xù)性， go, leave是短暫動詞，故不能選?！镜湫屠}】一.

27、在下列句子中選用already ever just never yet before 填空.1. I know a little about England because I have _been there.2. Have you _seen this kind of flower? No, never.3. Im full. Thank you very much. Ive _had my lunch.4. Have you lost your bike_?5.You have already finished your work, but I havent_.答案：1. already

28、/just 2. ever 3. just/already 4. yet 5. yet二. 用 have has been to 與have (has) gone to 填空:1. Wheres Jim? He _ England.2. _you ever _America? No, never.3. They _never _ the Great Wall.4. Mr Green isnt here. He _Nanjing for a meeting.5. Where_ you _? I _ just _ the library.6. A: Where are Kate and Ann?B

29、: They _ China.A: _ they ever _ there before?B: No, never.答案：1. has gone to 2. Have, been to 3. have, been to 4.has gone to5. have been; have, been to 6. have gone to; Have, been三. 仿照例句, 進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換:例：He came here two days ago.He has been here since two days ago.They left Nanjing in 1990.I came to China

30、three years ago.My brother joined the army last year.My father joined the Party in 1960.Mr Green began to teach in China in 1993.They started to live in Beijing in 1999.His father bought a car the year before last.The meeting began half an hour ago.答案：They have been away from Nanjing since 1990.I ha

31、ve been to China since three years ago.My brother has been in the army since last year.My father has been in the Party since 1960.Mr Green has taught in China since 1993.They have lived in Beijing since 1999.His father has had a car since the year before last.The meeting has been on since half an hour ago.四. 將下列句子改成否定句和一般疑問句并作回答.1. I have seen a film recently.2. He has forgotten the little of the text.3. They have visited Hong Kong before.4. You have been to the USA a few times.5. Mike has called to tell you that.答案：1. I have not seen a film recently. Have you seen a film r