英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)課件

1、英語(yǔ)基本句型1英語(yǔ)的詞性： 名詞(nouns) n. 代詞(pronoun) pron.實(shí)詞 數(shù)詞(numeral) num. 形容詞(adjective) adj. 或a. 副詞(adverb) adv. 動(dòng)詞(verb) v. 冠詞(article) art.虛詞 介詞(preposition) prep. 連詞(conjunction) conj. 助詞(auxiliary) aux.2句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語(yǔ)的句子成分有八種： 主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ), 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子成分對(duì)以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)句子的構(gòu)成

2、也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見(jiàn)句式和詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。3英語(yǔ)的句子成分： （一） 主語(yǔ)：是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主題， Tom likes apples. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.（二）謂語(yǔ)由_擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)

3、形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).動(dòng)詞有著各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化 Action speaks louder than words. They may come back again. Mary has worked at the shop since 1994. 動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)名詞代詞數(shù)詞to do不定式doing動(dòng)名詞句子4（三）賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在_之后。_詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)。She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening

4、the window? Give me four please. He wants to be an actor. We dont know what others are doing. We should take care of about our friends. 動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)介詞名詞 n代詞 pron動(dòng)名詞代詞和數(shù)詞to do不定式句子介詞+名詞5賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)） You lend me your dictionary. My mother bought my brother a computer.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） They electe

5、d him their monitor. I find the homework difficult to finish.6（四）表語(yǔ) 它的位置在_之后。是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的_,_, _的.My father is a doctor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in t

6、he city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 系動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài)名詞 n代詞 pron形容詞 adjadj介詞短語(yǔ)數(shù)詞to do不定式句子7（五） 定語(yǔ) 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. Alan has three story books. This is her

7、 first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名前后 名詞名詞所有格形容詞 adj數(shù)詞形容詞 /序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式從句8(六）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的特征狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。 We planted trees in the park. I left t

8、he village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . Well go there to find a good job. It was raining so that I couldnt go out. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes,I will tell you. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)讓

9、步狀語(yǔ)9（七）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語(yǔ)之外，還要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.名詞形容詞介詞短語(yǔ)to do 不定式現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過(guò)去分詞賓語(yǔ)

10、和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)10(八）主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)，原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一樣11（九）同位語(yǔ)：當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分（1）用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分（），這個(gè)句子成分（）就叫做另一個(gè)句子成分（2）的同位語(yǔ)。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批學(xué)生）We all are students.

11、(all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的我們） 12 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)13一) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.一個(gè)完整的句子做賓語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。

12、14(二) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.一個(gè)完整的句子做表語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。15(三) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1. What is your last name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.3. The man in the gym was tr

13、ying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.一個(gè)完整的句子做定語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。16(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.17(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face

14、. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven.一個(gè)完整的句子做狀語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子叫狀語(yǔ)從句。18 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost i

15、t, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.19英語(yǔ)句子的類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（五種基本句型）有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)一個(gè)主句加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句20簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型-1主謂結(jié)構(gòu)21簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型-1主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 是由主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2.

16、 So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.22(主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞)擴(kuò)展和修飾The boy spoke to his teacher.The little boy

17、spoke loudly to his teacher. The boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice.The little boy called Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher.23yesterday evening. two hours.in the past ten years. 1她昨天回家很晚。2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3在過(guò)去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。She went homevery lateThe meeting will last Great change

18、s have taken placein my home town鞏固練習(xí)：24簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型-2主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)25主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。 賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build

19、 the dam. 6. Mother promises to give me a present.26(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ))擴(kuò)展和修飾I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday, which disappointed my mum so much.271昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過(guò)多次了4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5那位先生能

20、流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 I wrote a letterlast night.I want to talk with youthis afternoon.He has read this bookmany times.They have carried out the plansuccessfully.That gentleman can speak three languagesfluently.鞏固練習(xí)：28簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型3 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)29英語(yǔ)基本句型3 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 說(shuō)明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人） +直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。如： He brings me cookies

21、every day.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） bu

22、y, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。30(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))擴(kuò)展和修飾Grandma told me a story.As expected, Grandma told me a story .Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up.Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.311Johnson 先

23、生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。 Mr Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.32 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型-4 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)33英語(yǔ)基本句型-4主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示

24、特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 34Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fie

25、lds.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.35(主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))擴(kuò)展和修飾The soup tastes good.To our surprise, The soup tastes good.The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.Frankly speaking, The soup tastes good.To be honest, The soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone

26、.36鞏固練習(xí)：1冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少保持安靜。 4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.375他失業(yè)了。 6樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了7這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思He is out of work. The

27、leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.38簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)39英語(yǔ)基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 說(shuō)明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He use

28、d to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.40鞏固練習(xí)：1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 7他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)8我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All

29、of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night. 41英語(yǔ)基本句型6 There be 句型42英語(yǔ)基本句型6 There be 句型 說(shuō)明： 此句型是由“the

30、re+be+主語(yǔ)+其他”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。 此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.43 be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 There is/are 過(guò)去有 There was/were 將來(lái)有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 There has/have been 可能有 There might be. 肯定有 There must be There must h