高中英語(yǔ)專題二代詞課件

1、代詞高考對(duì)代詞的考察呈現(xiàn)出兩大特點(diǎn)：1.舊的熱點(diǎn)仍在，如對(duì)不定代詞的考察，新的考察熱點(diǎn)在逐步形成，如，對(duì)it的考察。2.加強(qiáng)在特定的語(yǔ)境中對(duì)代詞與其他相關(guān)語(yǔ)法的綜合考察。突破方法：首先從整體上把握代詞的知識(shí)，如代詞種類的劃分：（1）人稱代詞（2）物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞。（3）反身代詞（4）指示代詞（5）相互代詞（6）不定代詞（7）疑問(wèn)代詞（8）連接代詞（名詞性從句）（9）關(guān)系代詞（定語(yǔ)從句）其次，要重點(diǎn)掌握幾組易混詞，尤其是不定代詞間的用法區(qū)別。一、人稱代詞1.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或不必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，可以用it來(lái)表示。Its a lovely baby. Is it a

2、 boy or a girl?2.人稱代詞有時(shí)也可用作名詞Its not a she; its a he.3.人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，一般不用主格而用賓格。-Glad to meet you. -Me,too.4.代詞they(不分性別）代表已提到過(guò)的一些人或事物。The browns phoned. Theyre coming roundthis evening.-Susan ,go and join your sistercleaning the yard.-Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.人稱代詞格一單二單三（單數(shù)）一復(fù)二復(fù)三復(fù)主格Iy

3、ouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞物主代詞人稱一單二單三（單）一復(fù)二復(fù)三復(fù)形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourhishersitsoursyourstheirs1.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，只能做名詞或動(dòng)名詞的定語(yǔ)。This is our classroom.His father is an engineer.Would you mind my opening the window?Our country is a developing country.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞

4、性物主代詞+名詞”，可單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。此外，名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用，構(gòu)成雙重所有格，即：a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。This is her coat. Mine is over there.Some friends of mine will attend my birthdayparty.That car of hers is always breaking down.I know each brother of his.

5、 反 身 代 詞一單二單 三（單）一復(fù)二復(fù)三復(fù)my-selfyour-selfhim-selfher-selfitselfour-selvesyour-selvesthem-selves三、反身代詞1.反身代詞基本用法：1）賓語(yǔ) Tom taught himself Chinese.(動(dòng)賓） The boy is old enough to take care of himself.(介賓）2）表語(yǔ) She is not quite herself today.3)同位語(yǔ) I myself can repair the bike.2.含有反身代詞的慣用語(yǔ)（1）與介詞連用Youll have t

6、o see if he has gone to the school for yourself.(親自）The computer can shut off of itself.(=naturally自動(dòng)地）Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.(本質(zhì)地）One would rather have a bedroomto oneself.(=for ones own private use; not to be shared獨(dú)自享用）One cant play tennis by oneself.(=alone,without hel

7、p單獨(dú)地、獨(dú)自地）He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(=almost mad with anger/excitement,etc.由于氣憤、激動(dòng)等而發(fā)狂、忘形）（2）與代詞連用enjoy yourself! (=Have a good time!)behave yourself.(=be polite; show good manners) 使舉止良好absent oneself 缺課、缺勤devote oneself to 專心于；獻(xiàn)身于apply oneself to 專心致志于adapt

8、 oneself to 適應(yīng)于make oneself at home 不要客氣seat oneself(=sit) 坐say/talk/tell/think to oneself 暗自（在心中），自言自語(yǔ)He is always boasting himself.(自夸）A moment later, he came to himself.(=regain self-control or consciousness，恢復(fù)自制力、知覺(jué)；蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)）When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.(find oneself 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺(jué)來(lái)到）help

9、 oneself to 別客氣，請(qǐng)自便，隨便取用四、疑問(wèn)代詞 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)四、疑問(wèn)代詞1.what,who的區(qū)別what 問(wèn)職業(yè)、地位； who問(wèn)姓名或身份。-Who is that man? -He is her husband.-What was the man over there?-He was a doctor.2.what,which的區(qū)別which 是在已知范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，后面可跟of短語(yǔ)；what是在未知范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，后面不可跟of短語(yǔ)。Which (of the ani

10、mals) is bigger, an elephantor a horse?(有范圍）What do you want to read?(無(wú)范圍）3.whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatever,whichever,whoever分別為what,which,who的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，相當(dāng)于what/which/who on earth (in the world) 到底（究竟）什么/哪一個(gè)/誰(shuí)Whatever do you want?Whoever gave you the book?的習(xí)慣用法 what is the population/the distance/the

11、price of the book/ your address/ your attitude/the height/weight/the depth/length/width/size? 不定代詞一、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法都任何都不兩者兩者或三者以上botheitherneitherallanynone-Youre always working. Come on,lets go shopping.All you ever want to do is going shopping.-Theres coffee and tea; You can ha

12、ve either.I had to buy all these books because I didntknow which one was the best.二、none, nothing, nobody(no one)的用法區(qū)別既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，?；卮餳ow many, how much引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。no one只能指人，且表泛指概念，?；卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念，?；卮饂hat引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。-How much money do you have? -None.-What are you doing now? -Nothing.往往與前

13、面的some/any/every+名詞連用; nothing往往與前面的something/anything/everything連用；no one/nobody往往與前面someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody連用。If I had some money, I would lend him some,but unfortunately, I had none.后面可跟of短語(yǔ)，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one卻不能。As we

14、were asleep, none of us heard the sound.None of them knew about the plan becauseit was kept a secret.三、any, every的區(qū)別any+名詞表示“（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上）”即：這個(gè)或那個(gè)或那個(gè)；every+名詞表示 “三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的）每一個(gè)”，即：這個(gè)和那個(gè)和那個(gè)。not any表示全部否定，而notevery+名詞表部分否定。I have many books here, and you can take any one.Every student has to take the exami

15、nation.=All the students have to take the examination.四、every, each的區(qū)別each強(qiáng)調(diào)“個(gè)體”，可做代詞和形容詞，指“兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)”；every強(qiáng)調(diào)“全體”，只能做定語(yǔ)，指“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上”。each做同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，不可用not each表部分否定。Each of my children goes to a different school.He had a cut on each foot.主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)each可做主、賓、定、同Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.=

16、The tickets cost 10 dollars each.=The tickets each cost 10 dollars.五、全部否定和部分否定all ,both, everyone,everybody,everything以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；no one, none,nobody, nothing, notany以及no+名詞都表示全部否定；但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中，不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞 主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等連用時(shí)也表示部

17、分否定。-One weeks time has been wasted.-I cant believe we did all that work for nothing.六、one, another, the other, some, others, the others一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)onesomeanother othersthe otherthe others注意下列句子Would you please make it some other day? (=another day)He will stay here for another 3 days. (=

18、 3 more days) 3.He has no other close friends like John.改日他還要在這里呆三天。他再也沒(méi)有像John那樣的好朋友了。此外，the other后只能加單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可加不可數(shù)名詞；但另外一個(gè)短語(yǔ)the rest of(剩余的）后可以加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，還可以加不可數(shù)名詞；副詞else只能放在不定代詞或特殊疑問(wèn)詞后。I work on the other side of town.-I like this one? -What about the other ones?How would you like to spend the rest

19、of the day?七、one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞；用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也是泛指概念；3.the one用來(lái)替代前面的特指的單數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)可用that替代（尤其在有后置定語(yǔ)的情況下）。4.the ones用來(lái)替代前面的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)可用those替代（尤其在有后置定語(yǔ)的情況下）。用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞。Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuablepresent, one(=a p

20、resent) thatI had never seen.Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones(=many presents) that I had never seen.The book on the desk is better than that/theone(=the book) under the desk.The books on the desk are better than those/the ones(=the books) under the desk.We needed a new cupboard for thek

21、itchen. So Peter made one(= acupboard) from some wood we had.(廣西）Weve been looking at houses but havenot found one(=a house) we like yet.My most famous relative of all, the one(=the relative) who really left his mark on America,was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather.八、many, much, few, little, a few, a

22、 little多少加復(fù)數(shù)名詞加不可數(shù)名詞manyfewmuchlittle肯定否定加復(fù)數(shù)名詞加不可數(shù)名詞a few幾個(gè)few 少a little一點(diǎn)兒little少Theres little cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the cornerstore and get some?九、與復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣句型1.He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一個(gè)職員。2.He is anything but a clerk.他絕不是一名職員。3.He is someone/something/ not anybody

23、.他是個(gè)重要人物、出色的人物/普普通通的人。He is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives.她可以說(shuō)是一位出色的醫(yī)生，她已救了很多人的命。十、it的用 法（一）、指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。It is half past two now.(指時(shí)間）It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.(距離）It was very cold in the room.A lovely day, isnt it?(天氣）二、指代前面所提到過(guò)的事物、群體、想法、性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人或動(dòng)物、未指明但談話雙方都明

24、白的事情或情況。It is a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?(不明性別）-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.-Ive broken a plate.-It(=Breaking the plate) doesnt matter.(前面所提到過(guò)的事情）The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work beforethey can move in.三、it可以用做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)放在后面，真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)往往由從句、動(dòng)名詞、

25、不定式充當(dāng)。He found it easy to learn a foreign languagewell.We think it no good reading in bed.I think it necessary that we have the meeting.It is no use trying to persuade him.It is well known that China has the largestpopulation in the world.四、it 用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞，如：enjoy, like,love,dislike, re

26、sent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to(務(wù)必）后，即這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句前要加it。I take it that you dont agree with me.(我的理解是）I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.I cant help it if he is always late.I will appreciate it if you can help me.Please see to it that (make sure that) youbring e

27、nough money when you go out.You can count on it that he is very smart.你就相信吧，他非常聰明。As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.像某人說(shuō)的那樣，熟能生巧。-Do you like _here?-Oh, yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.this B. these C. that D. itI prefer a flat in Inverness to_ in Perth, becaus

28、e I want to live near my Moms.A. one B. that C. it D. thisDA(it指代談話雙方心里都明白的事情或情況。E.g. I cant stand it.)(one代替泛指的單數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。）-Which of the two computer gamesdid you prefer?-Actually I didnt like_.(08,卷I,30)Both of them B. either of themC. None of them D. neither of them B根據(jù)句子中所暗含的two computer games,可

29、以知道這里表示“兩者之一”，要用either,而none表示“三者或三者以上”。The two girls are getting on verywell and share_ with each other.(08安徽）little B. much C. some D. noneMake sure youve got the passports and tickets and_ before you leave.(08山東）something B. anything C. everything D. nothingBC考查代詞的用法。注意在具體的語(yǔ)境中不定代詞的用法，little“幾乎沒(méi)有”

30、,some一些，none沒(méi)有，均不符合句子的意思考查不定代詞的用法。everything強(qiáng)調(diào)包括the passports和tickets在內(nèi)的所有東西。而something,anything, nothing,均不符合句子的意思。08年高考(08全國(guó)卷I 30) Which of the two computer games did you prefer? Actually I didnt like _.A. both of them B. either of them C. none of them D. neither of themB(08全國(guó)卷I 33) The English sp

31、oken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the oneC(08上海春卷 26) Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting _against climate change. A. one B. oneself C. them D. themselves D(08上海卷26) Do you want tea or coffee? _, I re

32、ally dont mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. or C(08天津卷 05)To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet to go to the library, or _. A. neither B. some C. all D. bothD(08重慶卷 24)-Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon? -Sorry, lets make it_ time. A. others B. the othe

33、r C. another D. otherC(08遼寧卷 26)Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. Such B. ThereC. ThatD. ThisC(08山東卷 27)Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave.A. something B. anythingC. everything D. nothingC(08江西卷23)Isn

34、t it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. itC(08安徽卷21) The two girls are getting on very well and share _ with each other. A. little B. much C. some D noneB(08浙江卷09)Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. fewB(08湖南卷2

35、1) Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it B(08四川卷11)The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. otherC(08福建卷21) How do you find

36、 your new classmates? Most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as Bruce.A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one A09年高考題歸納1.One of the most important questions theyhad to consider was_ of public health.(09全國(guó)I,33)what B. this C. that D. which2.Charles was alone at home, with_looking after him.

37、(09全國(guó)II,7)A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no oneCD3.The CDs are on sale! Buy one and youget_ completely free.(09全國(guó)II,12)other B. others C. one D. ones4.Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with specialneeds often carries with_ extra stress.(09北京，35) A. it B. them C.

38、one D. himCA5.I was born New Orleans,Louisiana,a city_name will create a picture of beautifultrees and green grass in our mind.(湖南，26)A. which B. of which C. that D. whose6.Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in_way or another for the better.(09重慶，22)A.any B. one C. ever

39、y D. eitherDB7._is the power of TV that it canmake a person suddenly famous.(09遼寧，28)8.-Ive read another book this week.-Well, maybe_ is not how much youread but what you read that counts.(09浙江，4)A. this B. that C. there D. itAD9.I like this house with a beautifulgarden in front, but I dont have eno

40、ugh money to buy_.(09四川，3)A.one B.it C. this D. that10.News came from the school office_Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(09四川，7)A. which B. what C. that D. whereBC11.Nine in ten parents said therewere significant differences in theirapproach to educating their children compared with

41、_ of their parents.(09江蘇，35)A. those B. one C. both D. that12.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face_day like that.(09山東，23)A. other B. another C. the other D. othersDB13.Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer_ of them.(09陜西，10)other B. any C. non

42、e D. someB2010年高考對(duì)代詞的考查（10福建）22. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothingC考點(diǎn)：考查不定代詞的辨析解析：句子的意思是當(dāng)你向Mr. John介紹我的時(shí)候，你可以為我說(shuō)一些好話嗎? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也沒(méi)有 C. something表示一些，某些（10上海）27. If our parents do ev

43、erything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _ A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves考點(diǎn)：本題考查反身代詞解析：主語(yǔ)為we，因此應(yīng)為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根據(jù)句意，選D。（10安徽）21. You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other考點(diǎn)：本題考查不定代詞的用法。解析：句意為“你是球隊(duì)明

44、星！與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事?！绷?xí)語(yǔ)“ones cup of tea”意為“the type of thing or person that you like”。（10山東）32. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one考點(diǎn)：本題考查代詞的用法。解析：句意應(yīng)為“幫助別人是一種習(xí)慣，一個(gè)你在很小時(shí)就能學(xué)會(huì)的習(xí)慣。”空格處與前句中的habit構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系，所以選擇D項(xiàng)。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了

45、關(guān)系代詞that 的定語(yǔ)從句，that在定語(yǔ)從句中作learn的賓語(yǔ)使用。（10天津）6. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something考點(diǎn)：考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意：我一生中什么都沒(méi)有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻。解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意義，而其他三個(gè)詞則表示肯定意義。（陜西）12. The cost of renting a house in central Xian

46、is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 考點(diǎn)：考查代詞。解析：所填詞用于比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，指代句子的主語(yǔ)cost，即指代不可數(shù)名詞，用that。This指代下文即將提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同類中的一個(gè)”之意。（10四川）7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine考點(diǎn)：考查代詞。解析： take a photo of sb

47、意為給某人照相，此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。（10全國(guó)）12. Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other考點(diǎn)：不定代詞考查。解析： Neither含有“兩者都不”之意，一方對(duì)應(yīng)另一方，故用the other指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。（10重慶）23. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never fo

48、und of them again. A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all考點(diǎn)：考查代詞。解析：由“his temper and health”可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，由后面的never表否定，選either，never either是全部否定，相當(dāng)于neither 。25. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whoever B. whoC. whichever D. which考點(diǎn)：考查關(guān)系代詞。解析：這兒_ used t

49、he products。是個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，并且指人，所以用whoever. （10江西）34 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with考點(diǎn)：考察介詞解析：方式方法可以用by也可以用with, by+ n(方式), with+修飾詞+ n(工具). （10浙江）14 thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. AOneBAllCE

50、verything DAnything考點(diǎn)：本題考查不定代詞。解析：分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行。從而判斷此處選擇all意思最合適。（10全國(guó)）14.The doctor thought _would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it解析：考查It的用法。It的兩個(gè)重要用法是作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)。本題考查形式賓語(yǔ)，it在這里代指后面的真正賓語(yǔ)to have a holiday。（10遼寧）33.The fact that she was foreign made

51、 _difficult for her to get a job in that countryA so B. much C. that D. it 句意：她是外國(guó)人的事實(shí)使得她在哪個(gè)國(guó)家很難找到工作。解析：考查it的用法。句中for her to get a job in that country是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做made的賓語(yǔ)，difficult是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此處要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，其他詞沒(méi)有這種用法。2011高考代詞考查（2011全國(guó)II）11. I got this bicycle for_: My friend gave it to me when she bought a n

52、ew one.everything B. somethingC. anything D. nothing考查不定代詞。根據(jù) “My friend gave it to me”可知，我免費(fèi)得到了這輛自行車，因此用nothing, for nothing表示 “免費(fèi)，不花錢”。（2011安徽）22. Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _almost an overcoat for her. them B. herC. itself D. herself考查代詞。句意：令人驚奇的是，蘇珊漂亮的頭發(fā)

53、垂到了膝蓋以下，幾乎成為了她的外套。此處， itself指的是“頭發(fā)本身”。（2011湖南）24. I knew that _would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.something B. anythingC. everything D. nothing考查代詞。句意：我知道沒(méi)有什么能阻止他。他是不會(huì)放棄當(dāng)導(dǎo)演的想法的。nothing 意為“沒(méi)有什么”，符合句意。（2011陜西）16 .-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?-_one?Other B. EveryC. Another D. More考查不定代詞?！坝H愛(ài)的，從廚房給我拿一塊巧克力來(lái)好嗎？”“還要一塊”。other后面應(yīng)該接不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞（