高級(jí)英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第一課的知識(shí)

1、Advanced English(I)The Middle Eastern BazaarBrainstormBrainstorm on “the Middle East”. Hot, dry, camel, desert, traditional clothes, veil (purdah深閨制度), Islam, mosque, Muslims, petroleum/oil, war, Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Asiatic Turkey, etc.Background 1. The Middle East Geographically it

2、 generally refers to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.中東是指哪里？ 以歐洲（法國(guó)）為中心向東劃分，近東（東歐、土耳其）、中東（阿拉伯地區(qū)、中亞）、遠(yuǎn)東（中國(guó)、東亞） 中東地區(qū)”或“中東” 是指地中海東部與南部區(qū)域，從地中海東部到波斯灣的大片地區(qū)，“中東”地理上也是非洲與歐亞大陸的亞區(qū)。 BrainstormBrainstorm on “market”. Noisy, crowded, dirty, goods, s

3、eller, customer, bargain, basket, etc.Market:1)public place (usu. an open space or a building) where people meet to buy and sell goods; a market-place; square or open place in a town where a market is held2)trade in a certain class of goods e.g. the coffee (咖啡業(yè)) / the corn （谷物業(yè)） state of trade as sh

4、own by prices （市況，行情） e.g. The rose, prices advanced. 3)buying and selling e.g. come into the / be on the market (出售)4) area, country, in which goods may be sold e.g. We must find new s for our manufactures.5) demand (銷路，需要） e.g. Theres a poor for these goods.Background2. BazaarA bazaar is an orient

5、al market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comes from the Persian word bazaar.(in Iran, India & other eastern countries) street of workshops and shops; the part of a town where markets and shopping streets are.Gothic The word gothic is used in three ways:1. a building such as

6、 a cathedral that is gothic has a style of architecture that is distinguished by tall pillars, high vaulted ceilings and pointed arches, (of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows )Got

7、hic ArchitectureNotre-Dame Cathedral seen from the River Seine2. Gothic is used to describe literature that contains both horrible and frightening images. A Gothic story or film etc is about frightening things that happen in mysterious old building and lonely places, in a style that was popular in t

8、he early 19th century. However, what is horrible and frightening to some may be sensual and romantic to others. 3. Gothic is also described as a style of printing in which the letters are very elaborate and pointed. 字體（哥特體） (century Gothic style)Text StudyPara.1-21. The one I am thinking of particul

9、arly is entered: 1) is entered : The present tense used here is called “historical present”. It is used for vividness. 2) aged: having existed long; very old e.g. wine Text StudyPara.1-22. glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “bright sunlight” 3. “Cavern”: Metapho

10、r. From the text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them, having the characteristic of a cave: dark, humid, and cool.Text StudyPara.1-24. eye: The words eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hear

11、ing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means mans power of seeing or eyesight. e.g.Text Study1)She has an eye for beauty. 2) She has an ear for music. 3) The boy has a sharp eye. 4)The big poster caught my eye.5)Keep an eye on that mischievous boy.6)To turn a blin

12、d eye to sth. or sb.7)To turn a deaf ear to sth. or sb.8) His words are unpleasant to the ear.9) The view was pleasing to the eye.Text Study5. losing itself in the shadowy distance: The place is dark, so when the street is long, objects in the distance become unclear and indistinct. 6. Little donkey

13、s entering and leaving the bazaar: The donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another. Text Study cf: throngs & crowds: “throngs” differs from “crowds” in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density.e.g. The crowd jamme

14、d the hall.Throngs circulated through the street, or throngs gathered.Text Study7. goods of every conceivable kind : goods of every kind you can think of e.g. people of every conceivable age, nationality; buildings of every conceivable shape8. The din and makes you dizzy: The loud, confused noise of

15、 continues without interruption and makes you feel mentally confused. Text Study din: loud, confused noise that continues e.g.In the darkened room, the of yesterday was going on again.His wife kept ning continually in his ear. 沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地嘮叨din sth. into sb.: tell sb. sth. again and againText Study9. Then

16、as you penetrate muted cloth-market: 1) penetrate: to pierce or pass into or through. e.g. The mist d (into) the room. Bad smells d (through) the building.2) fade away: go slowly out of view, hearing or memory; gradually disappear; (cause to) lose color, freshness or vigorText Studye.g. The strong s

17、unlight had d the curtains.She is fading away. (losing strength) (漸漸衰老) Day light d away. The cheering sound d away in the distance. As evening came the coastline d into darkness.Text Study 3) muted: adj. (of a sound) made softer than usual, be deadened; mute: adj. silent or dumb; n. a dumb4) As you

18、 make your way through the crowd and going deeper into the market, the noise of the gateway goes out of hearing gradually. Then you arrive at the cloth-market, where the noise is deadened.Text Study10. The shopkeepers speak in slow follow suit: 1)measured: steady, slow and deliberate; rhythmical; of

19、 language: carefully weighed or calculated; deliberate and restrained. 2) sepulchral: suggestive of the grave of burial; dismal, gloomy 3) follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done The buyers overcome by the grave-like atmosphere, also speak in slow, carefully controlled tones.Text StudyQ

20、uestion:Whats your first impression of the bazaar? Para.1: heat, glare at the gateway in contrast with cool, dark, cavern-like bazaar; tinkling, din, throngs, every conceivable goods Para.2: noise fading away, muted cloth-market, earthen floor, sound deadened, no echo, sepulchral atmosphere, shopkee

21、pers and buyers keeping in slow measured tonesText Study Contrast: suggesting a typical middle eastern bazaar; a flourishing one: busy, noisy, on the other hand, dismal, gloomy atmosphere also existing here.Text StudyPara.3-41. collect: come together; gather; e.g. water (dust) collects 2. knit: unit

22、e firmly and closely 3. guild: society of persons for helping one another, forwarding common interest Text Study 4.display: One displays anything that one spreads out for others to view or puts in a position where it can be seen to advantage or with great clearness so as to strike the eye. cf. exhib

23、it: One exhibits anything which he puts forward prominently or openly, either with the express intention or with the result of attracting others attention. When we exhibit flowers, animals, childrens drawings, unearthed relics, etc., we want to bring their inherent properties to light. Text Study e.

24、g. The exhibition of pictures was criticized because the best paintings were not well displayed. The peacock displayed its fine feathers. The host took us through his stable to show us his horses. He exhibited with particular pride two snow white mares. He himself led them out of the stable, in orde

25、r to display to advantage their sleek coats. Text Study5. Bargaining is the order of the day: Bargaining is the normal way of doing things. (the) order of the day: that which is of the greatest general interest at a particular time; prevailing state of things, e.g. His period was a building age, whe

26、n competition was the order of the day.Text Study6.The seller makes a point of protesting that:to make a point of doing sth.: regard or treat it as necessary. e.g.Tourists to Beijing make a point of visiting the Great Wall. While helping the young workers develop political consciousness, the veteran

27、 workers make a special point of upgrading their cultural levels and professional skills.Text Study The seller thinks it is necessary for him to declare that the price he is asking makes it impossible for him to gain any profit. And he is selling the thing at less than its cost because he respects t

28、he customer. Question: 1. What is the main idea of this part? 2. Who do the most shopping? How can they get their favorite things? Text StudyPara.5-61. As you approach it on your ear: 1) tinkling: a succession of light, ringing sounds ( e.g. of a small bell)2) banging: hit violently, to make a loud

29、noise (e.g. to bang a door)3) clashing: make a loud, broken, confused noise (as when metal objects strike together ) ( e.g. swords clash)4) impinge (on): have an effect ( on) ; strikeText StudyOnomatopoeia: It is a rhetorical device that relies on sound for effect, a device that uses words which imi

30、tate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement.e.g. moo, meow, bowwow, bark, hiss, roar, baa, squeak, toot, bang, rattle, crackle, pop, chug-chug, vroom-vroom, etc.Work after class: Find more examples.Text Study2. disti

31、nct: not only clear, but easily heard, clearly marked, distinguished apart from other sounds3. until you round a corner lamps and braziers:1) round: make a turn about 2) dancing flashes: Metaphor, quick bright lights moving up and down; 3) catch the light of: intercept and reflect the light of 4) Th

32、e dancing flashes are reflections of the (unsteady) lights from the lamps and braziers thrown on the polished copper.Text Study4. hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes:away: continuously, constantlye.g. working, laughing, muttering away 5. take a hand ( in sth ): help, play part (

33、 in sth) e.g.Dont fool around, come and take a hand in the cleaning. The leading cadres also took a hand in the digging. Text Study6. the red of the live coals to the strokes of the bellows: The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim as the coals burn and die down, burn again,

34、along with the repeated movements of the bellows. 7. Here you can find . and strictly functional:1) intricate: a specific word, meaning the designs are of inter-winding or interlacing partsText Study2) functional: designed to serve practical purposes; its opposite is “ornamental”3) cf. vessel & ware

35、 vessel: hollow receptacle, esp. for holding liquid such as a cask, tub, bucket, bowl, bottle, etc. ware: (usu. in compounds) manufactured goods; things made of a particular material, esp. for use in the home; e.g. silver, iron, hard, glass, oven, table, soft, share Text Study Here you can find beau

36、tiful pots and bowls with fine, complicated and traditional designs; you can also get simple household utensils for daily use, which are pleasant to look at but do not have any decoration on them and are strictly designed to serve useful purposes.Text StudyQuestions:1.Why does the author choose the

37、copper-smiths market for detailed description? How does the author describe it?2. What is onomatopoeia? What effect is achieved by employing this figure? Can you find more examples.3. How does the writer describe the apprentice? 4. What impresses you most?Text StudyPara. 71. Elsewhere and yet harmon

38、ious:1) texture: arrangement of threads etc. 2)bold: strongly marked; clearly formed You have a whole variety of carpets with vivid color, woven in different ways, having designs typical of different regions. Some of the designs are clear-cut, well-marked and simple; while others are very complicate

39、d, showing all the details yet having all the different parts combined in a pleasing and satisfactory arrangement.Text Study 2. exotic smells: Exotic means not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual. It is used to describe something which is very pl

40、easing either to the mind or senses.3.in the maze which honey-bomb this bazaar: 1) maze: a set of intricate windings 2) honey-comb: v. to fill with holes, cells, or cavities Text Study The streets that pierce the bazaar from all directions and lead towards all directions cut the bazaar into small se

41、ctions like the honeycomb. 4. a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard: cf: glimpse & glance glance (v.) means to look quickly and deliberately and a glance is the act of quickly looking at sb. or sth. E.g. I d at my watch. / She gave me an amused .Text Study Glimpse means to see sth. or sb.

42、by chance for a very short time and a glimpse is a sight that you see by chance for a very short time. E.g. I d someone behind the curtain. / We got a of her face as she hurried past. Now and again through a doorway youll be able to catch brief view of a sunlit courtyard . 5. where camels lie disdai

43、nfully beside them: personification.Text Study The camels are considered very arrogant, hence disdainfully chewing their hay, showing no interest in the activities going on around them. Questions: 1. What else can be found at the market? 2. Does the author give equal attention to these markets? Why

44、or why not? 3. What are the most impressive characteristics of these markets? Text Study para. 8-9 1. It is a vast somber cavern of a room: Simile. a room that is like a vast somber cavern, more vivid than cavernous, “ n. + of + n.”:Jurgis had to work in the hell of a fertilizer factory.He was a tyr

45、ant of a landlord .They live in a palace of a house.She is a kitten of a girl.Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.Text Study 2. Cf. huge, vast, massive Huge commonly suggests immensity of bulk. e. g. a huge mass of earth a huge leather bellows When used figuratively, huge stresses the great

46、ness of a persons (or things ) capacity. e. g. a huge eater Text Study Vast suggests immensity of extent.e. g. a vast expanse of the sky China is a populous country with a vast territory. When used figuratively, vast stresses a things range, scope or variety, as well as extent. e. g. vast knowledge,

47、 interests Massive: large, heavy and solid, meaning not only large but impressiveText Study 3. Cf. Constantly means continuously, stressing firmness, steadiness and devotion; endlessly stresses weariness and tediousness and monotony. 4. stately: impressive; dignified; done slowly and with a lot of c

48、eremony The camel walks in a slow, deliberate and dignified pace, hence stately. Text Study 5.tower: reach high ( above or over surroundings ) dwarf: make look small by contrast or distance Note the use of tower and dwarf and the mental picture the author wants to create.6. throw ones weight on to:

49、use all ones strength to press down set in motion: get going; get operating Text Study 7.glisten: (esp. of wet or polished surface, tear-filled eyes) shine brightly, sparkle, e.g. glistening dew-drops eyes glistening with tears flash: sudden and transient outburst of flame or light, e. g. a flash of

50、 lightning flashes of fireworks (fig.) a flash of wit; hope; inspiration glow: send out soft, steady light, brightness or warmth without flame Text Study 8. Quickly the trickle and sighs of the camels: onomatopoeia squeak: (make a) short, deep, rough sound like that of a hog; short shrill cry like t

51、hat of a mouse or from an unoiled hinge rumble: (make a) deep, heavy continuous sound e.g. tanks, thunder, armoured cars, a freight train rumbles；the rumbling of the bowels grunt: a high-pitched, nasal-sounding cry; short, deep rough sound in the throat like that of a pig; (of person) indicating dis

52、agreement, boredom, irritation, etc. Text Study creak: (make a) sound like that of an unoiled door-hinge, or badly-fitting floorboards when trodden on groan: (make a) sound like that caused by the movement of wood or metal parts heavily loaded; (make a) low sound forced out by pain, or expressing despair or distress sigh: take a deep breath, indicating sadness, tiredness, relief, etcText Study Questions: 1. Why does the author give so much space to the place where people make linseed oil? Ho