2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)步驟化寫作增分第三步過段落關(guān)第二講如何寫好文章正文講義

1、2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)步驟化寫作增分第三步過段落關(guān)第二講如何寫好文章正文講義正文是文章的核心段落，在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循一定的順序進(jìn)行表達(dá)，才能讓讀者快速領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的表達(dá)內(nèi)容，而不應(yīng)是幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單堆砌。合理地組織段落會(huì)使文章大放異彩。一、組段應(yīng)遵循的兩個(gè)原則統(tǒng)一性原則一段話只能有一個(gè)中心，每句話都只能圍繞這個(gè)中心去闡述，不能隨心所欲地添加一些與中心無(wú)關(guān)的句子。下面是一個(gè)缺乏統(tǒng)一性的段落：The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. Pointing to apolicema n not far away, t

2、he young man expla in ed. He stopped us about half an hourago and made us catch the n ext offen der. As we came to the crossroads a young manand a girl came up and stopped us. My brother was riding with mesittingon the seatbeh ind. We bought the bicycle.名師指津本段內(nèi)容缺乏統(tǒng)一性，句與句之間關(guān)聯(lián)性不大，貌似每句話表達(dá)一個(gè)中心意思。語(yǔ)意顛倒，而且

3、最后一句與中心無(wú)關(guān)。正確內(nèi)容如下：The other day my brother and I went to the cin ema by bicycle. My brother wasriding with me sitting on the seat behind. As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. Pointing to a policema n not far away, the young man expla in ed, “ He stopped us about

4、 half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. ”連貫性原則指句與句、段與段過渡自然（和諧、流暢，層次分明，符合邏輯）。保持段落的連貫性就應(yīng)恰如其分地運(yùn)用過渡語(yǔ)，使內(nèi)容承前啟后。如：first, at first, seco nd, and the n,fin ally,what s more, but, however, such as, thus, as a result, in fact, therefore,in a word, i n short 等。二、五種常見的組段排列法一般而言，段落排列是有講究的，主要有五種常見的行

5、之有效的方法：1 時(shí)間順序排列法時(shí)間順序排列法是按時(shí)間發(fā)生的先后順序或動(dòng)作先后順序來(lái)組成段落的表達(dá)法。這是一種簡(jiǎn)便而常見的手法，常用于講故事、敘述經(jīng)歷、介紹歷史事件、解釋事物發(fā)展的過程、說(shuō) 明科學(xué)研究的程序等。典例1Mike works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves his home and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It takes him down to the first floor. 名師指津 該段是按動(dòng)作先后順序，通過時(shí)間推進(jìn)方式描述人物活動(dòng)的，使

6、Mike 從離開家到坐電 梯去一樓的場(chǎng)景非常清晰地呈現(xiàn)在讀者眼前。有時(shí)為了明確各句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系，會(huì)使用一些較明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)記或過渡語(yǔ)等。 典例 2I was born in NewYork, but I grew up in San Francisco. I began to live in London 25 years ago with my wife. If I am asked where I want to live forever, I would say London. 名師指津 按時(shí)間順序安排的段落同樣首先要寫好主題句， 然后按事情發(fā)生的順序或步驟的先后進(jìn) 行組織表達(dá)， 所以要

7、學(xué)會(huì)選用合適的表示時(shí)間先后的過渡語(yǔ)， 使句與句之間有機(jī)地聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 過渡語(yǔ)就如同潤(rùn)滑劑，起到承上啟下的作用，使表達(dá)流暢、自然。在表達(dá)時(shí)間順序時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用的銜接詞和過渡語(yǔ)有： now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, first, first of all, to begin/start with, firstly, at first, at the beginning, at the moment, atthe same time, immediately, soon, next,meanwhile, gradually, fi

8、nally, recently 以及具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 如 in January, on Monday, on the morning of, in xx, in spring, in a few days, in the past five years, one morning, the day before yesterday等。2空間順序排列法 空間順序排列法是指按照事物或人物所處的空間位置進(jìn)行有序的組織和布局的表現(xiàn)手 法，如從左到右、從頂端到底部、由近及遠(yuǎn)等各種自然的順序。這種表達(dá)法常用于寫人、物 和景，大到一個(gè)國(guó)家、 一個(gè)民族、 一座山、一個(gè)湖、 一艘輪船、 一架飛機(jī)等， 小到一幢房子

9、、 一個(gè)院子、一個(gè)房間、一件物品、一張臉等。這種表達(dá)手法可分為靜態(tài)描寫和動(dòng)態(tài)描寫。其目的是易于讀者正確地理解所表達(dá)的內(nèi) 容。按所表達(dá)的人或物相互之間的空間關(guān)系， 進(jìn)行有序地組織和描寫。 一旦確定了安排順序 的形式，空間中的所有人或事物都應(yīng)遵循這一形式，中途不能隨意停止和改變。 典例 3In the western suburbs of Jinan, there stands a small village. That is mynative place. My native place is full of beauty. A green hill is behind it, and a wi

10、de field in front. Around the village, there is a little stream in which the fish are swimming to and fro. The most populous part of the village is in the west. There are many stone houses standing among the green trees. In the east of the village there is a temple, which has been used as a primary

11、school. If one stands on the hill, heis sure to see a perfect view of the village. 名師指津 上文描述的是自己的家鄉(xiāng)， 作者按照空間順序?qū)Υ迩f進(jìn)行了描述， 給讀者展現(xiàn)了一幅清 晰而美麗的家鄉(xiāng)圖畫。文中使用了許多表示位置的過渡語(yǔ)，使全文流暢通順。從上面的短文我們看出要寫一篇準(zhǔn)確描述空間位置的段落應(yīng)該具備：好的主題句；空間位置的清晰、有序的組織；合適的表示空間位置的過渡語(yǔ)。按空間展開的段落之中的銜接詞和過渡詞有： near, near to, close to, far, far from, in front of,

12、 beyond, above, below, under, beneath, up, down, along, to the right/left, in/to the east of, around, surrounding, on the one side, on the other side, inside, outside, alongside, over, throughout, towards, in the middle, in the centre, at the top of, at the foot of, at the bottom of, at the edge of,

13、 at the end of, across 等。3比較對(duì)照排列法 比較對(duì)照排列法是指將兩個(gè)或更多的相似或相近的人或物， 通過比較和對(duì)照， 說(shuō)明其差 異及相似性的寫作手法， 其目的是揭示該事物或人物的特點(diǎn)或特征。 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)， 比較是指出 同種類型的兩人 (或更多人 )或兩物 (或更多物 ) 的相同點(diǎn)，而對(duì)照則是指出他 (它) 們的不同 點(diǎn)。然而，在實(shí)際表達(dá)時(shí)，比較和對(duì)照往往同時(shí)運(yùn)用。對(duì)事物或人物做比較對(duì)照時(shí)要注意的是： 只能就同類的人或物進(jìn)行比較， 比如把當(dāng)今中 國(guó)和舊中國(guó)比較， 而不能與計(jì)算機(jī)比較。 事物之間在邏輯上很難搭配的比較稱之為比擬， 如 人生和河流，兩者之間明顯不同，只是比擬其相似

14、性。 典例 4Today, women s life is much better than ever before. In the past womencouldn t get a job. They could only stay at home to take care of babies. But now women can get jobs easily and they can do any work as men do. In cities, all girls can go to school, and even in the countryside many girls ca

15、n go to school, too.Now, people cherish girls as much as boys. They say girls and boys are the same. In their homes, husbands also do housework.People often say,“ Women hold up half the sky. ” In fact, women play a veryimportant role in today s society.I believe that one day, there will be a woman p

16、resident in China. 名師指津 文章討論了當(dāng)今一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題現(xiàn)代婦女的社會(huì)地位。 作者運(yùn)用了新舊社會(huì)對(duì)比的手法，并且引用了俗語(yǔ)，使文章嚴(yán)肅而不乏生動(dòng)。 典例 5My hometown is quite different from what it used to be. More than ten years ago my hometown was a small and quiet place. The houses were small and dark. The streets were for the most part narrow and rough. There w

17、ere few people in the streets and shops. Now everything has changed. Looking in every direction from the centre of the town, one sees a succession of grand, imposing buildings. The streets, whether long or short, are straight and wide. Crowds of people can be found here and there, hurrying, noisy, a

18、nd well -dressed. From a small and dull village with some shabby houses in the past, my hometown has bee a big city, colorful and beautiful. 名師指津 本段闡述了家鄉(xiāng)的今昔之別，從第二句開始陳述十年前的家鄉(xiāng)舊貌：小而陰暗的房子、 窄而不平的街道等； 接著展示了今日的景象： 宏偉而壯觀的樓房、 寬闊筆直的街道、忙碌而 衣著華麗的人們等。 通過今昔家鄉(xiāng)的建筑物、 街道和人們的比較對(duì)照， 展現(xiàn)了家鄉(xiāng)的巨大變 化。表達(dá)比較對(duì)照的常用連接詞和過渡語(yǔ)有： differ

19、 from, contrast with, equal, similarly, in the same way, on the other hand, on the contrary, both .and ., one .the other, whereas, just like, in spite of, instead, another, moreover, besides, in addition to, despite, the former .the latter, some .others, in contrast to, here .there, this .that, then

20、 .now等。4因果關(guān)系排列法 因果關(guān)系排列法是指通過分析事物的因果關(guān)系， 通過現(xiàn)象推斷其成因， 或者根據(jù)某一現(xiàn) 象的特點(diǎn)推測(cè)它在某種條件下可能產(chǎn)生的后果的一種寫作方式， 該手法一般用于說(shuō)明文。 它 就像我們平時(shí)講話問“為什么”， 答“因?yàn)椤币粯樱?當(dāng)介紹某一客觀現(xiàn)象或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)， 闡 明發(fā)生的原因，論述其結(jié)果，有時(shí)只說(shuō)明事情的成因，或只陳述其結(jié)果。因果關(guān)系法是一種邏輯性寫作形式。 分析事物的因果關(guān)系是一種復(fù)雜的思維活動(dòng)， 不能 隨便亂寫。 因?yàn)槭挛锘颥F(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)一般會(huì)有多種原因。 如主題句是： In the past few years, higher education has bee le

21、ss important to young people than it was previously.這是一種現(xiàn)象，接著應(yīng)分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的多種原因，女口： the pressure of fierce petitions,better opportunities in the job market 或 muchof the knowledge taught in the college being outdated 等。分析因果關(guān)系時(shí)要善于運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力， 合理推測(cè)， 言之有理。 表示因果關(guān)系的銜接 詞和過渡語(yǔ)有： because, as, since, for, thanks to,

22、due to, so, therefore, as a result of, as a result/consequence 等。 典例 6People who live in the countryside generally live longer than those who live in the city.First, the close contact with nature is good for the health of the body and spirit. They breathe fresh air and make friends with trees, sand,

23、 cows and dogs. Next, hard physical work keeps farmers fit and healthy. It is widely believed that farmers suffer from fewer diseases than people in the city. Besides, being free from the pressures of city life contributes to the health of farmers. Moreover, because of the absence of buses and other

24、 vehicles, one can walk more freely without being afraid of accidents. The environment is better in the countryside than that in the city.Hardly does any pollution exist in the countryside, which makes farmers live a quiet and peaceful life. 名師指津 本文的寫作手法是先敘述一個(gè)結(jié)果， 然后分析和闡述造成這個(gè)結(jié)果的原因， 運(yùn)用了因果 關(guān)系法，這是先結(jié)果后原因

25、的表達(dá)方式。5過程排列法 描述涉及多個(gè)步驟， 應(yīng)該按照過程的發(fā)展順序把這些步驟交代清楚， 在這一類文章里常 常用祈使句和不定代詞“你”來(lái)表達(dá)。描述過程的常用銜接詞和過渡語(yǔ)有：Firstly .Secondly .Thirdly .Finally .First, Then, Next, After this, Lastly .Afterwards, Furthermore, Moreover, In addition to . 典例 7As a matter of fact, there re many ways for us to deal with our mental problems.

26、First of all, we can turn to our teachers for help, including our psychology teacher. Second, munication is of vital importance. Whenwe have a talk or discussion aboutour problems with our friends or classmates, we can feel greatly relieved. Last but not least, we need to develop a positive attitude

27、 towards our studies and our life. Wearing a smile is not only a sign of friendliness but also a cure for bad feelings.然后按順序逐一說(shuō)明各個(gè)解決辦 名師指津 本文開頭先點(diǎn)明了解決我們所面對(duì)的精神問題的辦法，法。2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)步驟化寫作增分第二步過句子關(guān)第一講句子如何寫對(duì)講義句子成分構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)中各種各樣的句子，其實(shí)英語(yǔ)中最基本的句式只有五種，其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來(lái)。一、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）該句式常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其特點(diǎn)為：

28、句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，這類動(dòng)詞叫作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。What s worse, I dpn t muni cate well in my family.（xx天津高考滿分作文）更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。And I can play outside too ! （xx 四川高考書面表達(dá) ）我也可以在外面玩！名師指津主語(yǔ)和不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）是組成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。 在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，不及物動(dòng) 詞往往與副詞、介詞及其他相關(guān)成分有相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的搭配關(guān)系。 我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)此句型時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)重 視不同動(dòng)詞與其相關(guān)詞匯的搭配關(guān)系。二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)該句

29、式特點(diǎn)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 都是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等來(lái)充當(dāng)），即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。.(xx-北京高考書面表達(dá)We debated over what to put into the video c . 3 c - 我們討論了該把什么放進(jìn)視頻中。I plan to find a part-time job in a foreig n capital pan y.（xx全國(guó)卷I書面表達(dá)）我計(jì)劃在一家外資公司里找一份兼職。名師指津上述例句都是本句型的典型句子，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在句末。這些狀語(yǔ)多數(shù)是副

30、詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，也可以用名詞短語(yǔ)、分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)等作狀語(yǔ)。該句式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。三、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)該句式就是常說(shuō)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。此句式側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用系動(dòng)詞（主要是be動(dòng)詞），表語(yǔ)多為形容詞，也可以是名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及分詞等。Tang_Poetry is_what we一 are. going toearn.the. next class, scheduled on July20 in the school library.(xx-全國(guó)卷I書面表達(dá)）唐詩(shī)是我們下一節(jié)課將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，定于7月20日在學(xué)校圖書館進(jìn)行。This is sure

31、ly a good cha neefor more people to see them.（xx 全國(guó)卷n書面表達(dá)）對(duì)于更多的人來(lái)說(shuō)這確實(shí)是觀看它們的一次好機(jī)會(huì)。The_ “ Foreign Cultures ” _section in our newspaper is very popular among us students .（xx 全國(guó)卷I書面表達(dá) ）我們報(bào)紙的“外國(guó)文化”欄目非常受我們學(xué)生的歡迎。名師指津本句型中的連系動(dòng)詞以 be為最多。此外還有少數(shù)其他的連系動(dòng)詞，如appear, bee, get,grow, look, prove, remai n 等。本句型的特點(diǎn)是“連系動(dòng)詞

32、+表語(yǔ)”二者缺一不可。例如“ The teacher angry ”和“ The story about a sin ger ” 都不能成為一個(gè)句子。用作表語(yǔ) 的最常見的有名詞和形容詞，其次是介詞短語(yǔ)和不定式短語(yǔ)等。四、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)該句式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個(gè)是表示人的間接賓語(yǔ)； 一個(gè)是表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)。一般間接賓語(yǔ)在前面，直接賓語(yǔ)在后面。That surely gave us a great sense _ of achievement.（xx 北京高考書面表達(dá) ）那確實(shí)給了我們一種極大的成就感。Now, on behalf of m

33、y schoolmates,I wish you a safe return .（xx 天津高考書面表達(dá)）現(xiàn)在，我代表全校同學(xué)，祝你們一路平安。名師指津英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）和間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）。要跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, save, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。間接賓語(yǔ)通常在直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如本句型及例句所示。如果將間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)之 后，則需借助介詞to或

34、for。五、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)該句式中的謂語(yǔ)雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)， 才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況的，直接跟在賓語(yǔ)之后。 I would like you to join . our school. s. table, tennis . team.（xx 全國(guó)卷川書面表達(dá)）我想讓你加入我們學(xué)校的乒乓球隊(duì)。2.你考慮過利用你的天賦加入辯論隊(duì)嗎？（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)）Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.（x

35、x 遼寧高考書面表達(dá)）你的投稿將會(huì)使得這次活動(dòng)獲得巨大成功。In fact,he inspires me to major in En glishin college.（xx北京高考書面表達(dá)）事實(shí)上，他鼓勵(lì)我在大學(xué)主修英語(yǔ)。名師指津英語(yǔ)中，有些及物動(dòng)詞除要求跟賓語(yǔ)外，還必須外加一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，句意才能完整。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要是名詞、形容詞、不定式和分詞，副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等也可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。要跟名詞或形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：call,consider,choose, elect, feel,find, get, keep, make, n ame, paint, push, set, su

36、ppose, think, turn等。要跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：ask, expect, force, get, have, hear, help,let, listento, make, notice,order, permit, persuade, see, tell, want, watch, warn等。其中 have, make, let, listen to, hear, notice, see, watch, feel要求跟不帶 to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to。本句型中的“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，也可稱之為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

37、足語(yǔ)之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此，邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系乃是本句型的特點(diǎn)。它不同于第四基本句型中的“間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”就在于“間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”之間并無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練I .寫出下列句子屬于五種基本句式的哪一種主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)In other words, we are the master of our own future.主語(yǔ)+主主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及My mother bought me a beautiful skirt in the supermarket last week. 謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)A blind man was walking slowly

38、 and carefully with a stick in his hand. 語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）He had mastered 2,000 En glish words by the end of last mon th. 物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)n .根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子現(xiàn)在，在中學(xué)里課外活動(dòng)正變得越來(lái)越受歡迎。（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）Nowadays after-class activitiesare being more

39、 and more popular in middle schools.Have you thought of usin your_talent_to_jointhe_debate_team?3他讓他的工人們每天工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）He made his workers work_12_hours_a_day.早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) ）Goin g_to_bed_early_a nd_gett in g_up_early is a good habit.5最近10年，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）Great_changes_

40、have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)是通往如此豐富知識(shí)的橋梁。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）You will find En glish_a_bridge to so much kno wledge.你介意我打開窗戶嗎？（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)）Would you min d_me/my_ope nin g_the_wi ndow?&科普書籍能幫助我們學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)和自然更感興趣。（不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Popular scie nee books can help us stude nts to bee

41、 more in terested in scie nee and n ature.川.根據(jù)提示翻譯句子1 事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）The_accident_happened/took_place_yesterday_aftern 2一切看來(lái)都不同了。（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）Everythi ng_seems_differe nt.3 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)）He admitted making a mistake.4我給他看我的照片。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）I showed him my photos.這使得他們要仔細(xì)想一想。（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）T

42、his made them th ink carefully.第2課時(shí)并列句并列句是用連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)，在這一句型中需要注意連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些句型采取“就近原則”。一、常見并列句的類型及并列連詞類型連詞并列關(guān)系（遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）and, both . and ., not only but (also) .,n either . n or .轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, whereas選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise, orelse, either . or., not . but .因果關(guān)系for, so, therefore, thus對(duì)比關(guān)系whileSome promi

43、ses were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.（xx北京高考書面表達(dá)）有些妥協(xié)是不可避免的，但視頻結(jié)果是完美的。I know you take good pictures and you ve always wan ted to do someth ing forenvironmen tal protecti on. （xx全國(guó)卷n書面表達(dá) ）我知道你拍照好，并且你總是想著為環(huán)境保護(hù)做些事情。All the classmates are friendly and kind,so you don t need to worry ab

44、outthe difficulty.（xx天津高考書面表達(dá)）所有的同學(xué)都非常友好和善良，因此你沒必要擔(dān)心有什么困難。As middle school stude nts, we re not familiar with foreig n cultures,whileChinese culture isn t fit to appear in an English newspaper.（xx上海高考滿分作文）作為中學(xué)生，我們不熟悉外國(guó)文化，而中國(guó)的文化也不適合出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊中。二、并列句的常用句型 TOC o 1-5 h z both .and . 既又”As we all know, trav

45、elling is beneficial toboth our mind and our health.眾所周知，旅游對(duì)我們的身心都有益。either .or .或者或者； 不是就是”If you re interestedin it, you may either send an email to 12345sina or signup in perso n.（xx全國(guó)卷川書面表達(dá)）如果你感興趣，您可以發(fā)送電子郵件至12345ina或親自報(bào)名。neither . nor.既不也不”In autumn, it s neithertoo hot nor too cold.（xx天津高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文）

46、秋天，天氣既不太熱也不太冷。not only .but （also） .不僅而且”Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will beheld as well.（xx全國(guó)卷n書面表達(dá)）而且還會(huì)舉辦許多有這一領(lǐng)域的著名藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)作的各種剪紙作品不僅會(huì)在那天展出, 用且有趣的活動(dòng)。not .but .不是，而是”It is not

47、 how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.對(duì)我們的工作最有益的，不是我們做了多少，而是我們把多少愛投入進(jìn)去。.while/whereas “而，去卩”The winter in Beijing is very coldwhile that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天去很暖和。祈使句 / 名詞詞組 and/or/otherwise 陳述句祈使句+ and +陳述句(祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，and后面的句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示結(jié)果

48、的主句 )Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefitfrom it.(xx四川高考滿分作文 )記住它，我們就能逐漸地養(yǎng)成這個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣并從中獲益。名詞詞組+ and +陳述句(名詞詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其中常含有more,another, further 等詞 )Another try, and you ll achieve success.再試一次，你就會(huì)取得成功。祈使句 or/otherwise 陳述句 Seize the chance, or you ll regre

49、t.抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。名詞詞組 or/otherwise 陳述句More healthy food, or you ll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會(huì)垮掉。 TOC o 1-5 h z .when “這時(shí)”sb. was doi ng sth. whe n某人正在做某事，這時(shí)”I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.今天早晨我正步行去上學(xué)

50、，這時(shí)看見一位拄著拐杖的老婦人躺在地上。sb. was about to do sth. whe n .某人正要做某事，這時(shí)”I was about to give up whenmy best friend encouraged me to go on.(xx福建高考滿分作文 )我正要放棄，這時(shí)我最好的朋友鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)下去。sb. had just done sth. whe n .某人剛做完某事，這時(shí)”I had just fini shed sweep ing the floorwhen the teleph one rang.我剛剛拖完地，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。三、使用并列句的注意事項(xiàng)1 .連

51、詞not only .but also .在連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，如果把 not only放在句首，該分句需用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。Not only will these donated books make you more familiar with China,but theyalso help enhance your Chinese.(xx天津高考書面表達(dá))這些捐贈(zèng)的圖書不僅將使你們更加熟悉中國(guó)，而且它們也有助于提高你們的漢語(yǔ)。Not only do they offer us joy and excitement,but they also encourage us to thinkcritic

52、ally.他們不僅提供給我們喜悅和興奮，而且也鼓勵(lì)我們批判性思考。 表示雖然但是”這一轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，連接詞but不能與though/although連用。雖然我當(dāng)時(shí)很累，但是我感到非常幸福。Although I was very tired the n but I felt very happy.(x)tAlthough I was very tired then, I feltvery happy.( V)t I was very tired the n but I felt very happy.(V) 表示因果關(guān)系的連詞so不與because, as等表示原因的連詞連用。因?yàn)樗?，所以?/p>

53、那天沒去上學(xué)。Because/As he was ill so he didn t go to school that day.( x)tBecause/As he was ill, he didn t go to school that day.( V)tHe was ill so he didn t go to school that day.( V)專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練1I .用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空(xx全國(guó)卷川書面表達(dá))I m sure thatit willinterestyou, for you have beenenthusiastic about ping-pong. Therefore

54、, I d liketo inviteyou to join the team. (xx 陜西高考書面表達(dá) )First, my English is very good and I m open-minded and warm-hearted, so I m gett ing along well with every one.Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.Give me a chane

55、e and I will give you a wonderful surprise.The young man wan ted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog startedto bark.Would you like to leave or would_you like to stay?00 am to 4 : 00 pm.（xx 全國(guó)卷n書面表達(dá)）I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.n .用并列句補(bǔ)全句子 （XX 全國(guó)卷n書面表達(dá)）因此，如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，展

56、覽不僅可以幫助你更好地 了解中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)，而且可以幫助你獲得一些剪紙技巧。Therefore,_theexhibiti oncan_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_undeChin esefolk art,but_ca n_also_help_you_acquiresome paper-cutti ng skills if you tryhard to lear n.上課時(shí)要認(rèn)真聽老師講課，否則你聽不懂他在說(shuō)什么。Liste nto the teacher carefully in class, or_you_ca n t_catch_what_he_is_sa

57、yi ng.她正走在大街上，這時(shí)她聽到有人叫她。She was_walkin g_al on g_the_street_whe n she heard some one calli ng her.是你所說(shuō)的話而不是你所做的事使你的同學(xué)感到生氣。It is not what you had done but what you had said that annoyed your classmates.事實(shí)上，我不喜歡再去，但是我害怕失去他們的友誼。As a matter of fact, I don t like to go anymore, but_l m_afraid_l _ ll_lose

58、_their_frien 第3課時(shí)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句通常包含兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中有一個(gè)（或幾個(gè)）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某一成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱為從 句。由于從句在句子中的作用不同，因此按其作用可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、 定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句等。由于主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在句子中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此又統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句，名詞性從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞that, if, whether, who, what, which, whe n,where, how, why 等引導(dǎo)。主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的主語(yǔ)。如：What

59、we appreciated mostwas that you had a strong teamwork spirit, whichallowed us to plete our tasks very efficie ntly.（xx天津高考書面表達(dá)）我們最欣賞的是你們有很強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，這使我們能非常高效地完成任務(wù)。主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將從句放到句子后部。如：It is reported that there will be a Chinese paper-cuttingart exhibition thisSun day in the art gallery , wh

60、ich is expected to last about eight hours from 8:據(jù)報(bào)道， 本周日美術(shù)館將舉辦一場(chǎng)中國(guó)剪紙藝術(shù)展， 預(yù)計(jì)從上午 8點(diǎn)到下午 4 點(diǎn)，大約 要持續(xù)八個(gè)小時(shí)。2賓語(yǔ)從句 在句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Hope that my advice will be of some help to you and that you II have a goodtime in China. （xx 北京高考書面表達(dá) ）希望我的建議能對(duì)你有一些幫助，也希望你在中國(guó)過得快樂。The residents think highly ofwhat we have don