大學(xué)英語語法歸納總結(jié)教學(xué)文案

1、大學(xué)英語語法歸納總結(jié)精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 大學(xué)英語三、四級語法歸納時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)I、時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式。每一種“時(shí)間+方式”就構(gòu)成一種時(shí)態(tài)。從時(shí)間上看，有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過 去將來之分，從動(dòng)作上看，有一股、進(jìn)行、完成及完成進(jìn)行之區(qū)別。(英 語動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài))在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中以及 TOEFL等考試中出現(xiàn)最多的時(shí)態(tài) 也只有4種，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)及過去完成時(shí)。.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。在由連詞 even if, unless, as soon as, if, wh

2、en, in case, before, after, until, once, the moment, as long as等引出狀語從句中，謂語一般不用 will或shall 來表示將來的動(dòng)作，僅用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：eg. She will come to see you the moment she finishes her work.The boss won t give the workers pay unless they theirwork today. (03/12,43)A) finish B) finished C) will finish D) had finishedS

3、uch crimes may be so complex that months or years go bybefore anyone them.A) discoveredB) will discover (03/1,31, CET-4)C) would have discovered D) discoversB.某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按預(yù)定計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表在短時(shí) 間內(nèi)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這類動(dòng)詞有：be, go, come, start, leave, depart, arrive,begin, return 等。例如：The train leaves at five sharp.2

4、.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)以及將來完成時(shí)之間的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：I.構(gòu)成：have/has +過去分詞J.語法意義及要點(diǎn)：A.表示一個(gè)過去開始的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。eg. so far, up to now , since, for a long time etc.eg. He has worked as a teacher for many yearsUp till now , nothing has gone wrong .Don t disturb Father. He letters all morning and haswritten te

5、n so far. (99/6,42)A) write B) has been writing C) has written D) was writingThis is the worst time of the year. It every day so far.(02/6, 42)A) is raining B) has rained C) rained D) rainsB.表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或事件。常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用(eg. yet, just, before, recently, etc.)；也同表示頻度時(shí)間狀語連用(eg. often, ever, ne

6、ver, sometimes, several times, etc).；還可同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用(eg.now, today, this morning, etc).但不能同特定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用(lastyear, inl997 etc.)eg. I have never learned Japanese before .We have been quite busy lately /recently .OI am meeting Ivan tonight; I a Russian before.(01/1,49)A) didn t ever meet B) have ever

7、 met C) had never met D) have never metC.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，當(dāng)表示將來完成時(shí)的意義時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來代替將來完成時(shí)。Well start at 5 Oclock if it has stopped raining by then .I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework .Note：行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞(Instantaneous Verb) , eg. arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join, etc.通常不能用于這

8、一語法意義,即該類 動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。He has joined the army for five years . (F)He has been in the army for five years。(T)2)過去完成時(shí)：X.構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞Y.語法意義及要點(diǎn)：表示某一動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻之前并持續(xù)至IJ該時(shí)亥黑Z. eg. David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.AA. They had got everything ready befor

9、e the party began .The burglary before I arrived at the office; all I could dowas to call the police. (03/6, 56)BB. A) has occurred B) had occurred C) was occurring D) would occurCC. Note:與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不同的是過去完成時(shí)可以與表示具體過去的時(shí)間狀語 連用。He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.DD. 3)將來完成時(shí)：EE.構(gòu)成：shall /

10、will +have+過去分詞FF.語法意義及要點(diǎn)：表示某一動(dòng)作在將來某一時(shí)刻或?qū)砟骋粍?dòng)作之前已 經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。GG. eg. He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday , HH. The shop will have closed already before you get there .精品資料II、語態(tài)僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 精品資料II、語態(tài)僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 #II. By the end of next year they together f

11、or twenty years.(01/1,48)JJ. A) will have worked B) had worked C) would work D) have workedKK. -May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?(00/6,41, CET-4)LL. -Im sorry. Mr. Williams to a conference long before then.MM. A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gon

12、e NN. OBy the time he arrives in Beijing, we here for two days.(01/6,31, CET-4)OO. A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayedPP.OBy the time you get to New York, I for London.(02/1,41,CET-4)QQ. A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have leftRR.SS.

13、4)將來時(shí)間表示法：TT.be going to +V.表示不太明確的意圖、打算。We re going to to build a new highway to the east.UU.be + to + V.表示正式的安排、指示、命令、禁止等。例如：VV. You re to do your homework before you watch TV.You re not to tell him anything about our plans.WW.be about to / be on the point of表示不久的將來，后者表示更近的將來，強(qiáng)調(diào)將來要發(fā)生的事情已臨近。例如：I fe

14、el that something terrible is about to happen.I can see you now. I m on the point of leaving.XX.be due to表示將來的用法與時(shí)刻表、實(shí)施計(jì)劃有關(guān)。例如:The train to Hangzhou is due to arrive at 13:15.精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 YY.英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，一種叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)（Active Voice）, 一種叫被動(dòng)語態(tài)（Passive Voice）,分別表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)

15、關(guān)系和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。.主動(dòng)語態(tài)用于主動(dòng)句，表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于被動(dòng)句，表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。ZZ. 基本公式是：“是”動(dòng)詞+過去分詞（被動(dòng)語態(tài)有13種）AAA. 1. am/ is / are +P.P2. am/ is / are +being +P.PBBB. 3. was/ were +P.P4. was/ were +being +P.PCCC.5. has been + P.P6. had + been + P.PDDD. 7. shall / will be + P.P 8. should / would be + P.PEEE. 9. should / shall

16、/ would / must / need / may / might / ought toFFF. / can / could / will be+ P.P （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）GGG. 10. be +to be + P.P （不定式）11. to have been + P.P 優(yōu)成體）HHH.12 .being + P.P （動(dòng)名詞及分詞）13. having been +PP（完成時(shí)動(dòng)名詞及分詞）動(dòng)詞不定式符號to的處理。III. 感官動(dòng)詞 (verbs of perception ),如 see , watch, observe, notice, listen to, hear, feel

17、, etc;JJJ. 使役動(dòng)詞(causative verbs),如 make, have , let, etc;KKK.如后面接不定式作為其賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，該不定式不能帶有“ to”這個(gè)符號。LLL.即：t感官動(dòng)詞s_MMM. 主語+使役動(dòng)詞 +賓語+不帶to的不定式NNN.但當(dāng)上列結(jié)構(gòu)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不帶to的不定式須換成帶to的不定式。OOO. eg. We saw him cross the street. He was seen to cross the street. PPP. John heard Mary go-downstairs. Mary was heard to

18、go downstairs.QQQ.The sharp pain made her cry out. She was made to cry out bythe sharp pain.RRR.二、非謂語動(dòng)詞I、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞可以在句中作主語補(bǔ)足語、主語、賓語、表語。它具有動(dòng)詞特征，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。例如：SSS. Transplanting will soon start. (S) It s no use waiting. (S)TTT. Would you mind standing on your head? (O) My favoritesport is swimming. (P)His

19、 job is looking after the two dogs of the old woman. (S-c)1.某些動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞UUU.某些及物動(dòng)詞后能用動(dòng)名詞而不能用不定式作賓語，其中最常用動(dòng)詞的有 admit, avoid , appreciate(贊賞)，complete, consider, cant help ,delay, deny, dislike , enjoy, escape, excuse, endure, excuse, fancy, favour(贊同)，finish , forgive , involve , imagine , mind , miss,p

20、ostpone, practise , prevent, quit, resent, risk , resist, suggest, etc.VVV. She suggested spending another day in the mountain area .WWW. Theres no way to escape doing the work .XXX. She is considering asking her employer for a rise .YYY. OI shall postpone my paper until I get enough information ont

21、he subject. (02/6, 55)ZZZ. A) writing C) written B) being written D) to writeAAAA. Maybe I ll the MA program after graduating from college.(03/1,54)BBBB. A) consider to take B) consider to taking精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 CCCC. C) consider taking D) consider on takingDDDD.

22、 OHe considers an MA program after graduation in twoyears.(03/6, 51)EEEE. A) taking B) to take C) took D) takenFFFF. Try to imagine the Pacific Ocean in a small boat.(03/12, 54)GGGG. A) crossing B) to cross C) to be crossed D) on crossingHHHH. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested at thenex

23、t town. (00/6, 34, CET-4)IIII. A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stoppedJJJJ. That young man still denies the fire behind the store.(01/1,45, CET-4)KKKK. A) start B) to start C) having started D) to have startedLLLL. Note：在 need、want、require deserve等動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞相 當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式The clock needs/wants rep

24、airing . ( = The clock needs/wantsto be repaired .)The disabled deserve respecting . (= The disabled deserve to berespected.)MMMM. 在like、hate、prefer等動(dòng)詞后，如果表示一般傾向，則用動(dòng) 名詞作賓語；如果指具體的某次發(fā)生在將來的行動(dòng)，則要用不定式。NNNN. I like reading books of this kind , but l dont like to read thatL book.OOOO. She prefers walking t

25、o cycling .PPPP. I prefer to stay at home today .QQQQ. 在remember、forget、regret等動(dòng)詞后，如果用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，則表示該賓語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞謂語的動(dòng)作之前；如果用不定式作賓語，則表示賓語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞謂語的動(dòng)作之后。RRRR. I remembered locking the door . (= I remembered that I had locked the door.)USSSI remembered to lock the door . (= I remembered that l was to lock t

26、he door.)TTTT.I regret telling you about it . (= I regret that l told you about it.)UUUU.I regret to tell you he has fallen ill . (=I regret that I am to tell youhe has fallen ill.)VVVV.2.動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語WWWW.動(dòng)名詞可作介詞的賓語，與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作定語、狀語或表語。His dream of becoming a successful writer has come true .She l

27、eft without saying goodbye to us .XXXX.動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語常用在某些詞組后面。這類常用的詞組主要有：be accustomed to, believe in , confess to, dream of, feel like , giveup , insist on, be interested in , look forward to , object to, have an (no) objection to , pay attention to , put off , be responsible for, succeed in, be tired

28、of , be (get) used to, worry about, etc.He is used to living on his own .He has made up his mind to give up smoking.YYYY. 3、帶邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞ZZZZ.動(dòng)名詞可以有邏輯主語，其構(gòu)成形式為“名詞或代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞”。帶邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞又稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中用作主語， 賓語，表語和介詞的賓語。在非正式語體中，如果動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句 中作賓語，也可以用賓格來充當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。但需注意的是，在各 種英語測試中，專家們?nèi)詧?jiān)持在正式語體中用代詞的所有格來作動(dòng)名詞的

29、邏輯主語。AAAAA. Your driving a car to New York took longer than I expected BBBBB.I appreciated her devoting herself to the cause Of education .CCCCC.Your mother will be astonished at your coming home so lateEEEEE.DDDDD. What we felt uneasy about was Li Mings having too much confidence in himself .(00/1,

30、 43, CET-A) you to delayC) your delaying I dont mindthe decision as long as it is not too late.4)FFFFF.making B) your delaying making GGGGG.to make D) you delay to makeHHHHH. H、不定式1.某些動(dòng)詞后要接不定式IIIII.某些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接不定式作賓語，其中最常用的動(dòng)詞有：agree,apply, afford , arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose,continue

31、, claim, decide , dare, demand , desire, determine , expect,fail , fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend , learn , like , love, 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 謝謝 精品資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 manage, mean(打算)，neglect, offer(主動(dòng)提出)，plan, prefer, prepare, pretend , promise , prove

32、, refuse, regret, remember, resolve(決心)，seek, seem, tend, try , volunteer, want, wish, etc.JJJJJ. What do you plan to do tomorrow?KKKKK.She hated to move from such a nice village .LLLLL.In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students.MMMMM.2.不定式的被動(dòng)式NNNNN.不定式有被動(dòng)式，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)

33、作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語，賓語，定語，狀語， 復(fù)合賓語等。作定語時(shí)，通常表示在謂語動(dòng)作后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。OOOOO. eg. The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently .PPPPP. She preferred to be given more difficult work to do .QQQQQ.It is a great honor for me to be invited to the party.RRRRR.If the building projec

34、t by the end of this month isdelayed, the construction company will be fined.SSSSS. A) being completed B) is completed C) to be completed D) completed (01/6, 48, CET-4)TTTTT.3.不定式的完成式UUUUU.當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語，狀語以及構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合謂語。She seemed to have heard about the news already.He Was bel

35、ieved to have been a very rich man .VVVVV.4.不定式的完成被動(dòng)式WWWWW.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，且不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語，賓語或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合謂語。XXXXX.eg. The forest fire is reported to have been put out last nightYYYYY.It is supposed to have been finished without referring to anyreference books.ZZZZZ. O

36、Twenty soldiers were reported in that battle.(99/6, 44)AAAAAA. A) to have been killed B) having been killed C) to be killed D) being killedThe accident is reported at dawn this morning, killingabout ten people. (03/6, 42)BBBBBB. A) to have occurred B) to have been occurred C) occurred D) occurringCC

37、CCCC. OThe bank is reported in the local newspaper in broaddaylight yesterday. (01/1,63, CET-4)DDDDDD. A) being robbed B) having been robbed C) to have been robbed D) robbedEEEEEE.5.帶邏輯主語的不定式短語FFFFFF.不定式可以有邏輯主語，其構(gòu)成形式為“for+代詞的賓格(或名詞)+不定式”。帶邏輯主語的不定式短語可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或 狀語等。 TOC o 1-5 h z GGGGGG.It is not

38、 easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.HHHHHH.I think it better for you to see the doctor .IIIIII.What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.JJJJJJ.I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.KKKKKK.6.帶疑問詞的不定式短語LLLLLL.不定式前可以加某些疑問代詞，如 who、what、which ,或疑問副詞，如

39、when、where how、why等，構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語，可 在句子中作主語賓語、表語或狀語等。MMMMMM. How to improve English is often discussed among the s students.LNNNNNN. We havent decided when to visit the place .OOOOOO. The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.PPPPPP. You havent answered my questio

40、n where to set these books .QQQQQQ. 7.某些動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式不帶to,這些動(dòng)詞是：feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch, etc.RRRRRR. eg. Suddenly l felt the atmosphere in the room become tense .SSSSSS. I often hear them sing this song .TTTTTT.OAs we feltthe ground to shake, we all hurried out and stood

41、 in the open.(03/6, 50)UUUUUU. A) to begin B) begun C) has begun D) beginVVVVVV. m、分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。1、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別WWWWWW.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和語態(tài)上?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作并表示主動(dòng)的意義，而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作并表示被動(dòng)的意義。XXXXXX. Cf: a changing world ( 一個(gè)變化著的世界)VS a changed world(一個(gè)已經(jīng)起變化的世界)YYYYYY

42、.Surprising news (令人驚訝的消息) VS surprised people (感到驚訝的人們）ZZZZZZ.2.分詞作狀語AAAAAAA. 作狀語時(shí)，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步和伴隨情況等。另 外作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。BBBBBBB. eg. Hearing the news , he heaved a sign of relief.CCCCCCC. Given another chance , Ill do it much betterAll things, the result is satisfactory. (99/6, 50)DDDD

43、DDD. A) considered B) to consider C) considering D) are consideredChildren may improve their speech by listening to people talk, afact that may go. (01/1,59)EEEEEEE. A) not to be noticed B) unnoticed C) being unnoticed D) not to noticeFFFFFFF.OI think that with the railway, the highway is muchbetter

44、.(02/6, 44)GGGGGGG. A) comparing B) compared C) to compare D) comparehis homework, the schoolboy dashed to theplayground to join his friends in the game. (03/6, 48)HHHHHHH. A) Finished B) With finishing C) Finishing D) To finishIIIIIII.OAs a rule Mr. Smith went for a walk after supper,by awhite lapd

45、og.(03/6, 52)JJJJJJJ. A) following B) followed C) to follow D) having followedKKKKKKK.OThe boy looked at the stranger carefully,who hecould be.(03/12, 42)LLLLLLL. A) to wonder B) wondered C) wondering D) having wonderedMMMMMMM. in this way , the situation doesnt seem sodisappointing.(00/1,68, CET-4)

46、NNNNNNN. A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked atOOOOOOO. These surveys indicate that many crimes go bythe police, mainly because not all victims report them.PPPPPPP. A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded (00/6, 26, CET-4)QQQQQQQ. in a recent

47、science competition, the threestudents were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.RRRRRRR. A) Judged the best B) Judging the best (01/1,46, CET-4)SSSSSSS. C) To be judged the best D) Having judged the bestTTTTTTT. in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24thlargest city. (01/6, 60, CET-4)

48、UUUUUUU. A) Being the fourth biggest city C) Once the fourth biggest cityVVVVVVV. B) It was once the fourth biggest city D) The fourth biggest city it wasWWWWWWW.OHe wasnt appointed chairman of the committee,not very popular with all its members.XXXXXXX. A) to be considered C) being considered(02/1,

49、53, CET-4)YYYYYYY. B) considering D) having consideredZZZZZZZ. OWe left the meeting, there obviously no point instaying.(02/6, 58, CET-4)AAAAAAAA. A) were B) being C) to be D) having Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completelyto the outside world. (03/1,43, CET-4)BBBBBBBB. A) having been

50、 lost B)to be lose C)losing D) lost -(be lost to)CCCCCCCC.3.分詞作定語DDDDDDDD.分詞常用來修飾名詞或代詞作定語。單個(gè)的分詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之前；分詞短語作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之后。但有些單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，也可放在被修飾詞之后。Hes a spoilt child .The man standing over there is our English teacher.EEEEEEEE. 4.分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語FFFFFFFF.分詞可在感覺動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語tGgGGGGGG.常用的感覺動(dòng)詞主要有：se

51、e, hear, notice, watch,Jfind , observe, smell, etc.HHHHHHHH.常用的使役動(dòng)詞主要有：Set, have, keep, leave, set,make, let, etc.IIIIIIII.止匕外，分詞還可在 want, like , wish , order等表示希望、要求、jJjjjjjj.KKKKKKKK.LLLLLLLL.命令等意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。She watched her baby sleeping .I got my hair cut .I dont want you worrying about me.MMMMMM

52、MM.OThey had their new house in the earthquake lastweek.(02/6, 52)OOOOOOOO.NNNNNNNN. A) be destroyed B) being destroyed C) to be destroyed D) destroyedAs a member, he tired hard to make his voice inthe committee.(03/6, 46)PPPPPPPP. A) heard B) hear C) hearing D) be heardThe wounded soldier had the m

53、essage straight to thearmy commander. (03/12,46)QQQQQQQQ. A) sent B) to send C) to be sent D) being sentRRRRRRRR. Corn originated in the New World and thus was notknown in Europe until Columbus found it in Cuba.(00/1, 45, CET-4)SSSSSSSS. A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivatedD)

54、cultivatingTTTTTTTT.OYou will see this productwherever you go.(00/6, 30, CET-4)UUUUUUUU. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertisingVVVVVVVV.OWith the development in science and technology man canmake various flowers before their time.WWWWWWWW. A) be bloomed B) bloom C) bloomed D)b

55、looming (01/6, 36, CET-4)XXXXXXXX.OThe president promised to keep all the boardmembers of how the negotiations were going on.YYYYYYYY. A) inform B) informing C) be informed D) informed (01/6, 54, CET-4)ZZZZZZZZ. 5、分詞與連詞的連用AAAAAAAAA.分詞可與各種連詞(如：when , while , once, until , if,unless, though , although

56、 , even if, as, as if, as though 等)連用。連詞 + 分詞(短語)的結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句。BBBBBBBBB. eg. Shell get nervous when speaking in public .CCCCCCCCC. He went on talking , though continually interrupted .Though in a big city, Peter always prefers to paintthe primitive scenes of country life.DDDDDDDDD.A) grown B)ra

57、ised C) tended D) cultivated(03/1, 32, CET-4)EEEEEEEEE.6、分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)FFFFFFFFF.分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語與句子的主語應(yīng)該一致；否則，分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)一般位于句首，作伴隨狀語以及在科技文章中表示附加說明時(shí)，它常位于旬末。GGGGGGGGG. 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞、代詞+分詞”構(gòu)成，可以表示時(shí) 問、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。HHHHHHHHH. eg. Weather permitting , the football match will be played on Wednesday.I

58、IIIIIIII. Her son having been sent to school, she began to do some shopping .JJJJJJJJJ. He returned three days later , his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces .KKKKKKKKK. There were two parties yesterday evening , each attended by some students。LLLLLLLLL.OThe sale usually takes pl

59、ace outside the house, with theaudience on benches, chairs or boxes.MMMMMMMMM.A) having seated B) seating C) seated D)having been seated (00/1, 46, CET-4)NNNNNNNNN. OSo many directors, the board meeting had to be put off.(01/1, 58, CET-4)OOOOOOOOO. A) were absent B) been absent C) had been absent D)

60、 being absentPPPPPPPPP.OAll the tasks ahead of time, they decided to goon holiday for a week.(01/6, 56, CET-4)QQQQQQQQQ. A) been fulfilled B) having been fulfilled C) were fulfilled D) had been fulfilledRRRRRRRRR.OAll flights because of the terrible weather, theyhad to go there by train. (02/1, 67,