反傾銷第二案例(中英文)中美銅版紙案例

1、.：.；China files WTO complaint over U.S. import duties on Chinese paperThe Associated Press美國結(jié)合通訊社，美聯(lián)社Published: September , HYPERLINK iht/articles/ap/business/EU-FIN-ECO-WTO-China-US.php l # o Click to view map GENEVA日內(nèi)瓦: Facing a U.S. legal assault指控, China asserted its rights主張權(quán)益 by filing a World

2、 Trade Organization complaint against antidumping duties that the United States applies on Chinese paper imports, trade officials said Friday.The WTO case is the first initiated by Beijing against Washington in five years and comes on the heels of a series of U.S. trade complaints against China.Beij

3、ing opposes the unfair practice of the U.S. in carrying out the antidumping duties, an official at the Chinese mission in Geneva 日內(nèi)瓦said, referring to Washingtons May decision to impose施加，征收 penalty tariffs懲罰性關(guān)稅 ranging from . percent to . percent on imports from China of the glossy papercoated pape

4、r 銅版紙 is used in art books, textbooks and high-end magazines高端雜志.The official spoke on condition of anonymity匿名, citing Chinese government rules. The Commerce Ministry in Beijing confirmed the action.Sean Spicer, spokesman for the U.S. trade representative美國貿(mào)易代表發(fā)言人 in Washington, said he was surpris

5、ed by Chinas action because a final decision on the coated-paper duties is not expected until November. But he said the U.S. was not angered by the request because such disputes are normal among major trading powers.Today in Business with Reuters路透社Our laws are fully in compliance with按照，遵照 WTO obli

6、gations, and we are going to rigorously defend them, Spicer told The Associated Press. that is part of doing business. that is how mature trade partners act.The administration of U.S. President George W. Bush, criticized in the United States for soaring trade deficits 飛漲的貿(mào)易赤字, began investigating Ch

7、inese paper imports last year after a complaint by NewPage Corp.新頁公司, which produces coated paper.NewPage contended that it faced unfair competition from Chinese companies which it allegedNewPage聲稱 received illegal government support(政府補(bǔ)貼).The decision to impose duties on Chinese paper reversed year

8、s of U.S. trade policy by treating China classified as a nonmarket economy 非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)即方案經(jīng)濟(jì) the same way as other U.S. trading partners in disputes involving government subsidies(政府補(bǔ)貼).Since the s, the U.S. has declined to identify subsidies by foreign governments in nonmarket economies非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體. The theory

9、has been that fair prices in such economies are impossible to measure, especially when the governments dont tell when they give companies financial aid財政補(bǔ)貼. In , the courts upheld支持 the Commerce Departments rightthe Department of Commerce/DOC美國商務(wù)部的權(quán)益 not to apply duties against imports from nonmarke

10、t economies.Experts say the move has worried Beijing because it may open the door for many other American companies battered沖擊injured in recent years by Chinese imports flooding the United States from steel to furniture to counteract(抵消) sweetheart loans私下貸款 from banks, rent-free land and other hidd

11、en support China allegedly provides firms.Washington has brought four complaints against China to the WTO since . Last month, the global commerce body全球商務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu) launched a formal investigation into U.S. and Mexican allegations that China is providing illegal subsidies for a range of industries (一些產(chǎn)業(yè)), i

12、ncluding paper.A separate WTO panel is expected to be created on Sept. to examine U.S. claims that China has failed to protect intellectual property rightsIPRs知識產(chǎn)權(quán), while a first decision by the trade body could come later that year in a case brought by the U.S. and the -nation EU over allegations t

13、hat China maintains an illegal tax system to block imports of foreign-made auto parts汽車零部件.The U.S. also has accused China of hindering sales of American movies, music and books, through censorship rules審批程序 that dont apply to Chinese products.The U.S. trade deficit(貿(mào)易赤字) set a record for the fifth

14、consecutive year延續(xù)五年 in at $. billion. The imbalance不平衡，這里特指美國對中國的貿(mào)易逆差 with China grew to $. billion, the highest ever with a single country.China has consistently accused the U.S. of protectionism維護(hù)主義. China was one of nine WTO members that challenged U.S. steel safeguards鋼鐵保證措施 in . The new case i

15、s the first Beijing has initiated by itself against Washington.China urges U.S. to correct measures on coated paperGENEVA, Oct. (Xinhua) - China urged the United States on Friday to correct its anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures反傾銷、反補(bǔ)貼措施 targeting針對 Chinese coated paper, reiterating重申 that these

16、 measures violate World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. In consultations held in Geneva在日內(nèi)瓦舉行的磋商會議, Chinese officials questioned the consistency一致性 of the U.S. measures with WTO regulations, and urged the United States to consider Chinas concerns seriously and correct its measures, said a statement

17、from the Chinese WTO mission. The two sides also clarified some matters in the dispute分歧、爭端 and agreed to continue their contact on the issue, the statement said. Fridays consultations were held under the WTOs dispute settlement mechanismDSM，WTO爭端處理機(jī)制. China brought the case to the WTOs Dispute Sett

18、lement Body世貿(mào)組織爭端處理機(jī)構(gòu)on Sept. . According to Chinese trade officials, from November to July , the United States launched five anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into Chinese coated paper and steel tubes, which involved Chinese enterprises with , employees and goods worth million U.S. dolla

19、rs. Five dual investigations雙反調(diào)查，指反傾銷、反補(bǔ)貼 against Chinese products in less than a year was unprecedented in the history of world trade在世界貿(mào)易史上史無前例的, the officials said. According to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce中國商務(wù)部, the U.S. decision 裁定not only violated WTO rules違犯了WTO規(guī)那么, but also went against

20、a -year-old U.S. bipartisan policy議會政策，兩黨政策.USAITCsaysnotodutiesoncoatedfreesheetpaper ITC says no to duties on coated freesheet免費(fèi)贈閱 paper 新聞紙，用于海報的紙from China, Indonesia, and Korea WASHINGTON, Nov. , (Press Release) - The United States International Trade Commission (ITC)美國國際貿(mào)易委員會 today determined

21、that a U.S. industry is neither materially injured nor threatened with material injury by reason of in terms of/in (the )light of/with respect to/having regard toimports of coated free sheet paper from China, Indonesia, and Korea that the U.S. Department of Commerce has determined are subsidized and

22、 sold in the United States at less than fair value. Chairman Daniel R. Pearson, Vice Chairman Shara L. Aranoff, and Commissioners Deanna Tanner Okun, Irving A. Williamson, and Dean A. Pinkert voted in the negative(投反對票). Commissioner Charlotte R. Lane voted in the affirmative投贊成票. As a result of the

23、 Commissions negative determinations, no antidumping or countervailing反補(bǔ)貼 duties will be imposed on imports of that product from these countries. The Commissions public report Coated Free Sheet Paper from China, Indonesia, and Korea (Investigation Nos. -TA- and -TA- (Final), USITC Publication , Nove

24、mber ) will contain the views of the Commission and information developed during the investigations. Copies may be obtained after December , , by calling - or from the Office of the Secretary, E Street SW, Washington, DC . Requests may also be made by fax to -.中美銅版紙雙反案誰是真贏家？銘萬網(wǎng) 年月日:信息來源: 中國經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞網(wǎng)-中國經(jīng)

25、濟(jì)時報編 者 按 ：被當(dāng)作美國對華“雙反制裁第一案的銅版紙?jiān)V訟官司，日前以美方態(tài)度的忽然大轉(zhuǎn)向而戲劇性終了。中美“雙反第一案銅版紙案曾經(jīng)閉幕，但中美之間圍繞“反補(bǔ)貼的博弈才剛剛拉開序幕，年將有更猛烈交鋒。被當(dāng)作美國對華“雙反制裁第一案的銅版紙?jiān)V訟官司，日前以美方態(tài)度的忽然大轉(zhuǎn)向而戲劇性終了。美國國際貿(mào)易委員會ITC最終裁定，美國商務(wù)部對中國銅版紙企業(yè)的反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼制裁要求化為烏有。銅版紙?jiān)V訟之所以引發(fā)外界普遍關(guān)注，并被視為中美貿(mào)易摩擦中交火最猛烈的沖突地帶，其中的一個重要緣由就在于銅版紙是美國對中國適用反補(bǔ)貼制裁的第一種商品。 銅版紙“雙反案觸動中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系神經(jīng) 年月日，美國商務(wù)部宣布對中國

26、銅版紙反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼案的終裁結(jié)果，決議對中國銅版紙消費(fèi)商和出口商征收的反傾銷稅，以及的反補(bǔ)貼稅，遠(yuǎn)高于對印尼和韓國兩國消費(fèi)商征收的稅率。作為此次終裁結(jié)果，美國商務(wù)部將通知美國海關(guān)和邊境暫緩銅版紙進(jìn)口清算，以便收取保證金或根據(jù)最終稅率裁定的反補(bǔ)貼與反傾銷組合稅金。根據(jù)美國貿(mào)易法，美國商務(wù)部此項(xiàng)終裁，還需求美國國際貿(mào)易委員會ITC在年月日對能否存在產(chǎn)業(yè)損傷作出一定性判決時，才干視為最終結(jié)果。 早在年月，美國商務(wù)部作出反傾銷初裁，確定中國企業(yè)存在低價傾銷。同時，在反補(bǔ)貼領(lǐng)域，美國國際貿(mào)易法庭作出判決，以為美方可對中國廠商實(shí)施反補(bǔ)貼制裁。隨后美國商務(wù)部“及時作出初裁，將對中國適用反補(bǔ)貼法。此前，美國國

27、際貿(mào)易委員會于年月的初裁也認(rèn)定，中國銅版紙使美國企業(yè)遭到損害。由此，中國產(chǎn)品被“雙反制裁，只差美國國際貿(mào)易委員會最終判決一步。 美國在銅版紙問題上磨刀霍霍，引起外界廣泛關(guān)注，尤其是征收反補(bǔ)貼稅，更被以為是美國對華貿(mào)易艱苦政策的轉(zhuǎn)變，由于年來美國官員不斷以為“無法對非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體實(shí)施反補(bǔ)貼法制裁。美國商務(wù)部長古鐵雷斯的解釋是，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)今非昔比，如今已到了可對中國運(yùn)用反補(bǔ)助稅這類貿(mào)易調(diào)理手段的時候了。既對該產(chǎn)品實(shí)施反傾銷，又要實(shí)施反補(bǔ)貼，這在國際貿(mào)易壁壘中被稱為“雙重計(jì)稅。用美國一位資深媒體人的話說，這是一種非常不公正的做法。 以銅版紙案例而言，美國在反傾銷方面，將中國作為非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體，由此根本不思

28、索中國的實(shí)踐消費(fèi)本錢，而作出有利于美國企業(yè)的判決；而在反補(bǔ)貼方面，又實(shí)踐上把中國作為了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體，以此對中國進(jìn)展新的制裁。而且，美國的閘門一開，對中國“雙反措施將會源源不斷。繼銅版紙后，美國又針對環(huán)形鋼管、矩形鋼管、復(fù)合編織袋、備用輪胎、未加工橡膠磁和輕質(zhì)熱敏紙種中國產(chǎn)品發(fā)起“雙反調(diào)查。 國家商務(wù)部公平貿(mào)易局局長李玲以為，很多情況下，美國往往先入為主，誤解中國的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和金融政策，甚至明知理由站不住腳，也先發(fā)制人提出調(diào)查等他去自我分辯，“假設(shè)不去爭不去斗，不僅白白吃虧，還會被以為膽怯?，F(xiàn)實(shí)上，中方也采取了一系列應(yīng)對措施。年月，中國商務(wù)部下令，將對幾種用料完全采用進(jìn)口紙漿的出口紙品，恢復(fù)增值

29、稅退稅。月，中國政府更就美國“雙反制裁訴諸世貿(mào)組織，這也是年中國參與世貿(mào)組織以來，中國初次單獨(dú)在該組織起訴美國。 富有戲劇性的是，就在中美就銅版紙案劍拔弩張之時，年月日，美國國際貿(mào)易委員會最終裁定，中國銅版紙產(chǎn)品未對美國相關(guān)行業(yè)構(gòu)成損害要挾，美國商務(wù)部此前的“雙反制裁被一筆勾銷。中美反補(bǔ)貼第一案以中方的勝利而告終。 美國首起針對中國銅版紙發(fā)起的“兩反調(diào)查以中方勝訴結(jié)案。就該案一年來的調(diào)查進(jìn)程來看，這一結(jié)果多少有點(diǎn)出人預(yù)料，美國國際貿(mào)易委員會ITC以：的表決結(jié)果，裁定中國銅版紙產(chǎn)品未對美國相關(guān)行業(yè)呵斥“本質(zhì)損害或“損害要挾。根據(jù)美方調(diào)查程序，美國商務(wù)部DOC月日的終裁認(rèn)定也就不再有效。但是，此案

30、雖以中方勝訴告終，但并不像某些媒體所說，ITC的判決“推翻了DOC終裁認(rèn)定的涉案產(chǎn)品存在的傾銷和補(bǔ)貼。ITC終裁認(rèn)定的涉案產(chǎn)品不存在“行業(yè)損害，與DOC作出的涉案企業(yè)存在傾銷和補(bǔ)貼的終裁認(rèn)定是兩回事。也就是說，雖然不征收反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼稅，但DOC終裁中斷定的對中國企業(yè)進(jìn)展反傾銷幅度計(jì)算的非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)方法和補(bǔ)貼工程依然存在，其關(guān)鍵在于對今后的影響。 確實(shí)，有言論以為美國貿(mào)易委員會的最后轉(zhuǎn)向，實(shí)踐上躲避了能否對中國適用反補(bǔ)貼法的規(guī)定。美國商務(wù)部官員已公開表示，該判決只是美國的一個“暫時性挫敗，商務(wù)部仍會繼續(xù)向其他調(diào)查之中的中國商品征收懲罰性關(guān)稅。中美在“雙反問題上的爭斗無疑還將繼續(xù)。 美對華銅版紙“

31、雙反傷人不利己 中美“雙反第一案銅版紙案曾經(jīng)閉幕，但中美之間圍繞“反補(bǔ)貼的博弈才剛剛拉開序幕，年將有更猛烈交鋒。中方雖然初戰(zhàn)得勝，但中美還有件案子，年月美方將啟動個案件的復(fù)核程序，中美之間的爭奪將會更加猛烈。實(shí)踐上，美方的“雙反制裁往往更多是政治驅(qū)動。銅版紙“雙反案“動力并不只美國造紙行業(yè)，而在很大程度上與美國國際貿(mào)易政策有關(guān)。據(jù)泄漏，對于新頁公司提起的這個訴訟，美國印刷協(xié)會持劇烈反對態(tài)度，并積極游說美國政府，不要對中國產(chǎn)品進(jìn)展“雙反制裁。他們以為，假設(shè)制裁成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，將呵斥美國國內(nèi)銅版紙價錢上漲，損害協(xié)會成員整體利益。 早在年美國總統(tǒng)選戰(zhàn)繁華開場之際，力圖角逐白宮的各派權(quán)利就紛紛拿“敲打中國作

32、為“賣點(diǎn)。年月，美國商務(wù)部宣布對華輸美銅版紙發(fā)起反傾銷反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查，而美國對華反補(bǔ)貼之爭到了年愚人節(jié)前到達(dá)了高潮。月日，美國商務(wù)部長古鐵雷斯宣布開場對中國出口美國的銅版紙產(chǎn)品征收暫時反補(bǔ)貼稅，這標(biāo)志著美國不對“非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家出口商品征收反補(bǔ)貼稅的判例正式終結(jié)。 美方此番對中國出口的銅版紙產(chǎn)品征收暫時反補(bǔ)貼稅案，無疑為美國對華貿(mào)易維護(hù)扯開了一道新口子，實(shí)踐上是國際貿(mào)易的“雙重歧視。暴顯露美國政客希望用此工具遏制中國出口和制造業(yè)增長的心態(tài)，也給國內(nèi)銅版紙產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)帶來本質(zhì)性損害。如按照美國商務(wù)部年月日公布的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查初裁結(jié)果，江蘇省就有兩家企業(yè)卷入其中，這兩家企業(yè)是金東紙業(yè)江蘇和金華盛紙業(yè)蘇州工業(yè)

33、園區(qū)，涉案金額到達(dá)萬美圓。 應(yīng)該說，對美銅版紙貿(mào)易本身而言，“雙反案的負(fù)面影響不可小覷。根據(jù)中國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，年中國出口“紙及紙板；紙漿、紙或紙板制品億美圓，其中對美國出口億美圓，即中國紙品出口面向美國市場。雖然紙品貿(mào)易在中國出口總額中所占比例不大，銅版紙又是其中的一小部分，年中國出口美國銅版紙總額億美圓。但問題是這次初裁很能夠翻開“雙重歧視的潘多拉盒子。美國發(fā)起反傾銷時將中國列為“非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家，而在反補(bǔ)貼案中又揮起了針對“市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家的貿(mào)易維護(hù)主義大棒，改動了自年以來堅(jiān)持不對“非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家實(shí)施反補(bǔ)貼法的貿(mào)易政策。 美方自年起就確定了不對所謂“非市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家適用反補(bǔ)貼法的做法，這一做法在美司法

34、訴訟中被確以為判例，且一直未予改動。此次美商務(wù)部在銅版紙案中的決議明顯與美國目前依然生效的法院判例和美商務(wù)部的一向做法不符。尤其是美商務(wù)部在終裁中仍以為中國應(yīng)訴企業(yè)獲得的一切銀行貸款均為優(yōu)惠貸款，而將其認(rèn)定為補(bǔ)貼，并認(rèn)定中國不存在商業(yè)化運(yùn)作的銀行體系，進(jìn)而對基準(zhǔn)利率采用替代做法。不僅如此，美方在其他補(bǔ)貼工程認(rèn)定、補(bǔ)貼幅度計(jì)算等方面的一系列錯誤決議，以及由此導(dǎo)致的雙重救援等問題，無疑極大地?fù)p害了中國業(yè)界的利益。 美國對華“雙反制裁第一案的銅版紙?jiān)V訟官司最終化干戈為玉帛也有其必然性。從客觀方面來看，有幾項(xiàng)要素制約著美國對華反補(bǔ)貼爭端晉級激化。一方面，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)互補(bǔ)性很強(qiáng)，早已構(gòu)成他中有我、我中有他的格局。通用、波音和沃爾瑪?shù)缺姸嗥髽I(yè)巨頭要么很大比例的消費(fèi)在中國國內(nèi)進(jìn)展，要么很大部分貨源中國，要么很大一部分利潤中國業(yè)務(wù)，美國挑起貿(mào)易爭端難免自傷；另一方面，即使在非貨物貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域，美國也對中國市場極具依賴性。如美國金融效力業(yè)就不希望中美貿(mào)易爭端妨礙其進(jìn)入飛速開展的中國金融效力市場。 有鑒于此，從經(jīng)貿(mào)角度來看，對美國來說，最明智的方法就是防止?fàn)幎诉^度激化，將其控制在一定程