英語名詞短語中的限定詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載第七講 英語名詞短語中的 限定詞(Determiners in Noun Phrases)、 限定詞的定義 (Defining the notion of “determiner) 限定詞不同于修飾語 (modifier)。限定詞是用來表示名詞短語中 中心詞(head noun) (68 頁)是特指(specific reference)還是類 指(generic reference),是表示確定數(shù)量(definite quantity )還是 不確定(indefinite quantity)數(shù)量,是指稱部分還是整體,起限 定作用的一類詞。修飾語只是在語義上增添名詞中心詞的“描

2、繪”信息，使之更具體。因此限定詞通常是必不可少的，而修飾語一 般是可有可無的；限定詞只能位于名詞前，而修飾語很多則可以位于名詞后，特別是形容詞短語作修飾語時；限定詞無短語成分，形容詞等修飾語有短語成分。True or false?Determiners are words that are used to describe head nouns in noun phrases. (68 頁-71 頁) 請看下面的例子(課本 68頁)：A deer can stand as soon as it is born.Thousands of visitors come to this museum

3、every year.The old and the young sometimes find it hard to understand each other.All the first three winners in the game were Chinese.This company decides to pay the workers by the hour.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Come and see us whenever you have any time.To tell you the truth, I do not like either color very much.I h

4、ave to read all these books for my course.請說出上面各句中的名詞短語有哪些，注意其中的限定詞。二、限定詞的類型 (Types of determiners) (69 頁)按照它們在指稱名詞時發(fā)揮的不同作用，英語限定詞通?？梢苑譃槲孱悾?一)冠詞(articles)：還可分為三類: 定冠詞(Definite Article )： the；不定冠詞(Indefinite Article )： a, an；零冠詞(Zero Article)。(二) 物主限定詞( possessive9 : 包括物主代詞( Possessive Pronoun): my, y

5、our, his, her, our, your, their, ones, its 以及名詞屬 格(Generic Noun) : Tom s, my mother s。(三)指示限定詞(demonstratives):在語義上和定冠詞有緊密 聯(lián)系，用來指明所指物的數(shù)量以及與說話人的距離遠(yuǎn)近。定冠詞幾乎總是非重讀的，而指示詞卻常常需要重讀。指示限定詞包括：this, that, these, those, such(四)量限定詞(quantifiers):指明名詞的數(shù)量，還可細(xì)分為四類：全部(inclusive) (all, each, every, whole)、大量(large quan

6、tity) (many, much)、適量或少量 ( moderate or small quantity) 任意 量或否定量 (arbitrary/negative member or amount) (any, either, no, neither)。(五)數(shù)詞(numerals):包括基數(shù)詞(cardinal numerals) 序數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載詞(ordinal numerals) 倍數(shù)詞( multiplicative numerals ) (twice, three times)和分?jǐn)?shù)詞(fractional numerals) (one third, two thirds)

7、 o基數(shù)詞在語義上和量限定詞相近，不同之處在于基數(shù)詞 提供具體的數(shù)量。序數(shù)詞指明名詞的順序。除了上述五類，還有疑問限定詞(what, which, whose)和關(guān)系限 定詞(which, whose)。72頁課內(nèi)練習(xí)2; 76頁課后練習(xí)1;三、限定詞在名詞短語中的 排列順序(order of determiners in a noun phrase) (69-70)根據(jù)限定詞在名詞短語中所處的位置，限定詞又可分為三種：前位限定詞(predeterminers) 中1位限定詞( central determiners) 和后位限定詞 (post-determiners)。前位限定詞有：1、al

8、l, both, half; 2、倍數(shù)詞 double, twice, three times 等;3、分?jǐn)?shù)詞 one-third, two -fifths 等。中位限定詞有：1、定冠詞和不定冠詞；2、物主限定詞(物主代 詞和s屬格名詞)；3、指示限定詞；4、不定數(shù)量詞(some, few, no, any, every, each, either, neithe; 5、疑問限定詞和關(guān)系限定詞。后位限定詞有：1、基數(shù)詞；2、序數(shù)詞(包括一般序數(shù)詞next, last, past, another, additional, further) ； 3、封閉數(shù)量詞(closed-system qua

9、ntifiers) (few, fewer, several, most, more, many, much, little, less, least); 4、 開放數(shù)量詞 (open-system quantifiers) (plenty of, a bit of, a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, a number of 以及 bags of, heaps學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載of等）。（73頁練習(xí)5）（跨類限定詞：such, what, many）從名稱可以看出三類限定詞的相對位置，當(dāng)名詞前有多個限定詞時，它們的順序是：前+中+后+名詞。請看例句。（70頁

10、）The volunteers came from all the thirty-two provinces, municipalities and regions.In all your four sentences the singular form is acceptable, but not the plural one.All these last few days we have been preparing for the qualifying test.*注意：（70頁）當(dāng)兩個同位限定詞一起位于名詞前時，有以下幾種情況：1、前位限定詞是相互排斥的，在一個名詞短語中的中心名詞前只

11、能有一個前位限定詞， 如：all both sides, all half apple, all double hours都是不正確的說法。2、中位限定詞也是相互排斥的。如：the every book, his some books 就不對。3、后位限定詞不互相排斥，請看下列例句：He will stay here for the first 3 days of the month.Where will you be during the next few weeks?I have two more hats than he does.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Many such regulation

12、s are also applicable to us.Another such disaster and he will be ruined.I ll be here for another five/few weeks.The last two pages are missing.The two last pages are missing.（Which is wrong?）The last two pages of this book are missing.The two last pages of this book are missing.（Which is wrong?）The

13、second last page is missing.The last second page is missing.True or false?Functionally speaking, determiners can be subdivided into pre-determiners, central determiners and post-determiners .（71 頁） 練習(xí)（見課本） 補(bǔ)充：? each與every都有“每個”的意思，但二者含義及語法功能 不同，主要區(qū)別是：each既可用作形容詞，又可用作代詞，在句中可以作定語，主 語、賓語、同位語、狀語等。Each s

14、tudent has his own dictionary .（形容詞，定語）Each has his good point .代詞，主語）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Our head teacher had a talk with each of us .代詞, 賓語 )The students each have a desk 代詞，同位語 ) The children can have a bag each .副詞，狀語)each與every都可用作形容詞，在句中作定語，但each更強(qiáng)調(diào) 個人或個別，every更強(qiáng)調(diào)全體或全部。比較：I know each number of your family

15、.I know every number of your family .each指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物中的“每個；every是指許多人或事物 的“全體”，與all的意思相近。試譯：這條街上每邊都有很多商店。誤 There are many shops on every side of the street .正 There are many shops on each side of the street .我給她父母每人一件禮物。誤I gave a present to every one of her parents .正I gave a present to each of her parents.指上下文提到過的確定數(shù)目中的“每一個”時，要用 each； 如果上下文