標(biāo)準航海用語

1、INTRODUCTIONTheseSMCPhavebeencompiled:-toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductofship,-tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvessels.標(biāo)準航海通信用語用于：-提高航海和船舶操縱的安全性；-使海上航行、進出港操縱、水道航行、港內(nèi)作業(yè)及船上業(yè)務(wù)的通信語言標(biāo)準化。Thesephrasesarenotin

2、tendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningshipsrouteing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.這些語句不用作代替1972年國際海

3、上避碰規(guī)則、特殊規(guī)則以及國際海事組織對于船舶日常作業(yè)作出的建議，也不打算與這些規(guī)則相矛盾；這些語句不用作取代國際信號規(guī)則，也不用作代替國際電信聯(lián)盟規(guī)定的正常無線電話通信規(guī)則。TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConve

4、ntions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencotherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioni

5、nmaritimeeducaandtraining.標(biāo)準航海通信用語符合經(jīng)修正的1978年海員培訓(xùn)、發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準國際公約、經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命安全公約有關(guān)口語通信的要求；而且，這些用語也包括了上述兩個公約中有關(guān)安全事宜的通信。經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命安全公約對于500總噸及以上船舶的值班駕駛員使用標(biāo)準航海通信用語的知識水平、理解能力和應(yīng)用能力作出了要求。在通信中，標(biāo)準航海通信用語的使用應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其它具有類似意義的措辭，而且這應(yīng)成為航海教育與培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容的一部分。Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,us

6、ingtheEnglilanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbaknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifi

7、edversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications.在現(xiàn)代航海生產(chǎn)中，標(biāo)準航海通信用語旨在當(dāng)表達和翻譯有異義時逐漸成為航運國家所有人員之間口語通信中可接受的有關(guān)安全的英語語言。為此，標(biāo)準航海通信

8、用語基于英語的基本知識，其起草中，將語法、詞匯和慣用法縮減到了可接受的最低水平，形成了標(biāo)準結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說，在有關(guān)安全的口語通信中減少了有歧義的部分。TheaccompanyingCD/Cassettecouldbehelpfultofamiliarizewiththecorrectpronunciationofthephrases.附加的光盤和磁盤有助于熟悉這些用語的發(fā)音。Thetypographicalconventionsusedthroughoutmostofthiscommunicationphrasesarefollows:這些用語中使用的常用編排符號如下：()brackets括號i

9、ndicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhererelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;括號中的內(nèi)容是可添加的內(nèi)容，或是前述內(nèi)容的簡單解釋；/obliquestroke斜線indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,斜線表示其左右的內(nèi)容可供選擇；.dots三點線indicatethattherelevantinformationistobef

10、illedinwherethedotsoccurand.省略符表示在其出現(xiàn)處應(yīng)添加有關(guān)內(nèi)容。(italiclet斜體s)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.斜體表示所需的信息種類。PARTI-GENERAL總論1Procedure程序WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagebesent:應(yīng)使用標(biāo)準航海通信用語時應(yīng)用下述句子說明：PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrasesIwilluseStandardMarineC

11、ommunicationPhrasesSpellingWheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtabshouldbeused:在與船外進行拼讀通信時，應(yīng)按下表的規(guī)定進行拼讀：LetterCodeLetterCodeAAlfaNNovemberBBravoOOscarCCharliePPapaDDelta,QQuebecEEchoRRomeoFFoxtrotSSierraGGolfTTangoHHotelUUniformIIndiaVVictorJJulietWWhiskyKKiloXX-ray

12、LLimaYYankeeMMikeZZuluFigureCodeword0Nadazero1Unaone2Bissotwo3Terrathree4Kartefour5Pantafive6Soxisix7Setteseven8Oktoeight9NovenineFullstopStopDecimalpointDecimalMessageMarker語段標(biāo)識Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thfollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(aAlpspol

13、isceaetionofMessageMarkersgiveninsection6VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrasesofPARTIII):在“船一岸”和“岸一船”通信中及一般的無線電通信中，可使用下述8個語段標(biāo)識。(另見第三部分第6節(jié)船舶交通管理(VTS)中“語段標(biāo)識的應(yīng)用”)(i)Instruetic指示(ii)Advice建議(iii)Warning警告(iv)Informatio#言息(v)Question問題(vi)Answer回答(vii)Request請求(viii)Intentio意圖Response回應(yīng)4.1Whentheanswe

14、rtoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:Yes,-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作肯定回答，請用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:No,.-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作否定回答，請用“No”，后接全句。4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:Standby-followedbythetimeintervalwi

15、thinwhichtheinformationwilavailable.若對方要求的信息不能立即得到，請用“Standb”，后停取得信息所需的時間。4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:Noinformation.若對方要求的信息無法得到，請用“Noinformatid”。4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:Iwil

16、l/can.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:Iwillnot/cannot.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.對于一項指示(如由交管站、海軍船舶或其他經(jīng)受權(quán)人員給出)或建議，若作肯定回答，請用“Iwill/ea”，后接指示或建議的全句；若作否定回答，請用“Iwillnot/eann”t后接指示或建議的全句。Example:ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou.Respond:Iwillnotovertakeve

17、sselaheadofme.Theresponsestoordersofspecialimportance,however,aregiveninwordininthephrasesconcerned.對于具有特殊重要意義的命令的回應(yīng)，在有關(guān)句中說明。Distress,urgencyandsafety遇險，緊急和安全信號5.1MAYDAYistobeusedtoannounceadistress用作標(biāo)明遇險電話通信；5.2PAN-PANistobeusedtoannounceanurgencym用作標(biāo)明緊急電話通信；5.3SCURITistobeusedtoannounceasafety用s作標(biāo)

18、明安全電話通信。Standardorganizationalphr標(biāo)準語句6.1Howdoyouread?6.1.1Ireadyou.bad/onewithsignalstrengthone(i.e.barelyperceptible)poor/twowithsignalstrengthtwo(i.e.weak)fair/threewithsignalstrengththree(i.e.fairlygood)good/fourwithsignalstrengthfour(i.e.good)excellent/fiwviethsignalstrengthfive(i.e.verygood)6.2

19、WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFchannel/frequencysay:若建議在VHF某一頻道或頻率上守聽，說：StandbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.2.1WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say:若同意在某一指定的VHF頻道或頻率上守聽，說：StandingbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.3WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFchannel/frequency,say:若建議改用VHF的另

20、一頻道或頻率，說：”Advise(you)changetoVHFchannel./frequency.,Advise(you)tryVHFchannel./frequency.6.3.1WhenthechangingofaVHFchannel/frequencyisaccepted,say:若同意改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率，說：ChangingtoVHFchannel./frequency.Correction修正Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:Mistake.-followedbytheword:Correction.plusthecorrectedpart

21、ofthemessage.若通信語句發(fā)生錯誤，說：Mistake.，后接Correction，再加改正的語句部分。Example:Mypresentspeed14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeed12,one-two,knots.Readinei*妥Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage.Repetiti重|復(fù)Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:Repeat.-followedbythecorresp

22、ondingpartofthemessage.若語句的某部分特別重要而需要重復(fù)，說：Repeat.后接相應(yīng)語句部分。Example:Mydraft12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres.Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake.Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:Sayagain(please).若某語句未聽清楚，說：Sayagain(please).Numbers數(shù)字Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:數(shù)字應(yīng)分讀：One-five-zerofor150Twodecima

23、lfivefor2.5Note:Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:注意，舵令并不分讀：Fifteenfor15orTwentyfor20etc.Positio位置11.1Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesanminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),northorsouthoftheEquatandeastorwestofGreenwich.使用經(jīng)緯度時，應(yīng)用度和分(若必要用分的10分位)

24、，后接南、北或東、西。Example:WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesnorth61degrees29minuteswest.11.2Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchaobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.若位置參照物標(biāo)給出，則該物標(biāo)必須在海圖上有明確標(biāo)志。方位應(yīng)自真北起算以360

25、度給出，自物標(biāo)量起。Example:Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBarrHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles.Bearing方位Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearibeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.物標(biāo)或船舶的方位，應(yīng)自真北(

26、另有說明除外)起算以360度給出，但相對方位除外。方位可自物標(biāo)亦可自船舶量起。Examples:Pilotboatbearing215degreesfromyou.Note:VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemarkdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthischapter.注意：船舶報告自己的船位時，方位應(yīng)自物標(biāo)量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1Relativebearing!對方位Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetot

27、hevesselsheadorbow.Mofrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.相對方位可用相對于船首的角度數(shù)表示，常用首或右首表示。Example:Buoy030degreesonyourportbow.(RelativeD/Fbearingsaremorecommonlyexpressedinthe360deg測e向儀9tation.的相對方位常用360度表示）Course航向Alwaystobeexpressedin360degreenotationfromnorth（truenorthunlessotherwisestate

28、d）.WhetherthisistoTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.自真北以360度給出（另有說明除外），但可說明量向物標(biāo)還是自物標(biāo)量起。Distances離Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcables（tenthsofamile）otherwiseikilometresormetres,theunitalwaystobestated.最好以海里或鏈（海里的小數(shù)）給出，也可用千米或米給出，但使用單位必須明確說明。Spee速度Tobeexpressedinknots:應(yīng)以節(jié)給出：15.1withoutfurthernotation

29、meaningspeedthroughthewater;or,未加說明時系指對水速度；15.2groundspeedmeaningspeedovertheground.groundspee（系指對地速度。Time時間Timesshouldbeexpressedinthe24hournotationindicatingwhetherUTC,zonetimeolocaltimeisbeingused.時間應(yīng)以24小時給出，并表明所作用的是協(xié)調(diào)世界時、區(qū)時還是地方時。Geographicalname地名PlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorSailingDir

30、ectionsinuse.Shouldthesenotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshouldbegiven.地名應(yīng)為海圖或航路指南中所使用的名稱，若不明確，應(yīng)給出經(jīng)緯度。Ambiguouswords意義不明確的單詞SomewordsinEnglishhavemeaningsdependingonthecontextinwhichtheyappear.Misunderstandingsfrequentlyoccur,especiallyinVTScommunications,andhaveproducedaccidents.Suchwordsare:英語中

31、有些單詞的意義與上下文有關(guān)。在分道通航制通信中常發(fā)生誤解，并曾產(chǎn)生事故。例如：18.1TheConditionalsMay,Might,ShouldandCould.MayDonotsay:MayIenterfairway?Say:QUESTION.Isitpermittedtoenterfairway?Donotsay:Youmayenterfairway.Say:ANSWER.Itispermittedtoenterfairway.MightDonotsay:Imightenterfairway.Say:INTENTION.Iwillenterfairway.ShouldDonotsay:

32、YoushouldanchorinanchorageB3.Say:ADVICE.AnchorinanchorageB3.CouldDonotsay:Youcouldberunningintodanger.Say:WARNING.Youarerunningintodanger.18.2ThewordCanThewordCaneitherdescribesthepossibilityorthecapabilityofdoingsomething.SMCPthesituationswherephrasesusingthewordCanappearmakeitclearwhetherapossibil

33、ityisreferredto.Inanambiguouscontext,however,say,forexample:英文中，Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性。在標(biāo)準航海通信用語中，有Can的語句出現(xiàn)時，應(yīng)確切表明是否表示可能性。例如，當(dāng)不明確時應(yīng)說：QUESTION.Isitpermittedtouseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,donotsay:CanIuseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,ifyouaskforapermiss(ThesameappliestothewordMay)Note:Incases

34、notcoveredbyPARTIGeneral,theregularcommunicationproceduresprescribedbytheITU-RadioRegulationswil.lprevail注意，在總論中未說明的情況下，通信中應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用國際電信同盟制定的無線電規(guī)則的規(guī)定。PARTII-GLOSSARY術(shù)語AbandonvesselToevacuateavesselfromcrewandpassengersfollowingadistress棄船遇險時將船員或旅客撤離船舶AdriftFloating,notcontrolled,withoutaclearlydetermina

35、bledirection漂航失控下無目的漂留AssemblystationPlaceondeck,inmessrooms,etc.,assignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetaccordingtothemusterlistwhenthecorrespondingalarmisreleasedorannouncementmade集合地點船員和旅客在聽到警報或通知時按應(yīng)急表應(yīng)前往集合的甲板或餐廳等處所Backing(ofwind)風(fēng)向逆轉(zhuǎn)Whenawindblowsroundanticlockwise(oppositeofveering)風(fēng)向逆時針

36、改變，與veerin相反Beach(to)Torunavesseluponabeachtopreventitssinkingindeepwater搶灘船舶沖向海灘，以免沉沒在深水區(qū)BerthAsearoomtobekeptforsafetyaroundavessel,rock,platform,etc.,ortheplaceassignedtoavesselwhenanchoreorlyingalongsideapier,etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平臺等周圍所保留的安全區(qū)，或為船舶指定的錨泊區(qū)或靠泊區(qū)等Blastizt=聲號Asoundsignalmadewiththewhistleofthev

37、essel船笛發(fā)出的聲響B(tài)lindsectorsAreaswhichcannotbescannedbytheradarofthevesselbecausetheyareshieldedbypartsofitssuperstructure,mastetc.盲區(qū)由于上層建筑、桅桿等的遮擋，船舶雷達不能掃描到的區(qū)域BoardingarrangementsAllgear,suchaspilotladder,accommodationladder,hoist,etc.,necessaryforasafetransferofthepilot登船設(shè)備引航員上下船所需的引航員梯、吊繩等索具Boardingsp

38、eedThespeedofavesseladjustedtothatofapilotboatatwhicthepilotcansafelyembark登船速度使引航員能安全上船的與引航員艇相應(yīng)的速度Briefing簡述Aconciseexplanatoryinformationtocrewandpassengers對船員和旅客作出的簡要說明Capsizing傾覆Turningofavesselupsidedownwhileonwater船舶在水中翻倒CardinalbuoyAseamark,i.e.abuoy,indicatingthenorth,east,southorwfromafixed

39、point,e.g.awreck方位標(biāo)標(biāo)明固定點如沉船的東、南、西、北方向的海上浮標(biāo)CasualtyCaseofdeathorseriousinjurytoapersoninanaccidentorshippingdisaster,alsosaidofadistressedvessel遇難人員在事故或海難中死亡或受傷的案件，亦指遇難船舶ClosecoupledtowingAmethodoftowingvesselsthroughpolaricebymeansof緊連拖帶icebreakingtugswithaspecialsternnotchsuitedtoreceiveandholdtheb

40、owofthevesseltobetowed在極地冰區(qū)中，破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽與被拖船船首相連的拖帶方法Compatibility(ofgoods)stateswhetherdifferentgoodscanbestowedtogetherinonehold相容性貨物可否同艙裝載的特性ConvoyAgroupofvesselswhichsailtogether,e.g.throughacanalo編隊ice同時通過運河或冰區(qū)的船舶COWCrudeoilwashing:Asystemofcleaningthetanksbywashingthemwiththecargoofcrudeoilw

41、hileitisbeingdischarged原油洗艙卸原油時利用所卸油進行洗艙的系統(tǒng)CPA最小會距Closestpointofapproach最小會遇距離CSSCo-ordinatorsurfacesearch:Avessel,otherthanarescueuni協(xié)調(diào)船designatedtoco-ordinatesurfacesearchandrescueoperationwithinaspecifiedarea在某一區(qū)域中，指定為水面搜救作業(yè)進行協(xié)調(diào)而不實際進行救助的船舶DamagecontrolteamAgroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfightingfloo

42、dinginthe堵漏隊vessel經(jīng)訓(xùn)練在船上進行堵漏的一組船員Datum基點Derelict遺骸Destination目的港Disabled失控船Disembark(to)離船Distressalert(GMDSS)遇險報警Dragging(ofanchor)走錨Dredging(ofanchor)拖錨Drifting漂航Dropback(to)減速Embark(to)登船Escaperoute撤離路線EscortThemostprobablepositionofasearchtargetatagiventime在給定時間，搜尋目標(biāo)最可能存在的位置Goodsoranyothercommod

43、ity,specificallyavesselabandonedatsea在海上遺棄的貨物或船舶Portwhichavesselisboundfor船舶駛往的港口Avesseldamagedorimpairedinsuchamannerastobeincapableofproceedingitsvoyage受到的損壞以至于不能航行的船舶Togofromboardavessel(人員)離開所在船AradiosignalfromadistressedvesselautomaticallydirectedtoaRCCgivingposition,identification,courseandspe

44、edofthevesselaswellasthenatureofdistress遇險船自動將船位、標(biāo)識、航向、速度及遇險性質(zhì)傳送到搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心的無線電信號Movingofananchorovertheseabottominvoluntarilybecauseitisnolongerpreventingthemovementofthevessel錨在水下不知不覺的移動，因其不能制止船舶的移動Movingofananchorovertheseabottomtocontrolthemovementofthevessel錨在水下拖動以控制船舶移動Floating,causedbywindsandcur

45、rentwithadeterminabledirection因風(fēng)流作用而向某一方向漂移Toincreasethedistancetothevesselaheadbyresducingoneownspeed本船減速以增加與前方船的距離Togoaboardavessel登上船舶Aclearlymarkedwayinthevesselwhichhastobefollowedincaseofanemergency在船上作出醒目標(biāo)志的路線，以便緊急時撤離用Attendingavessel,tobeavailableincaseofneed,e.gGMDSSGlobalmaritimedistressan

46、dsafetysystemice-breaker,tug,etc.護航在必要時對船舶的保護，如利用破冰船、拖船等ETA預(yù)抵時間Estimatedtimeofarrival預(yù)計到達時間ETD預(yù)離時間Estimatedtimeofdeparture預(yù)計離開時間Fairway航道Navigablepartofawaterway可航水道Fairwayspeed航道速度Mandatoryspeedinafairway在可航道中規(guī)定的行駛速度Fireparty消防隊Agroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfirefightingonboard經(jīng)訓(xùn)練以撲救船火的一組船員Firepatrol

47、Aroundthroughthevesselcarriedoutbyacrewmemberofthewatchatcertainintervalssothatanoutbreakoffiremaybepromptlydetected;mandatoryinvesselscarryingmorethan36passengers防火巡邏在船上由當(dāng)值船員以一定間隔進行的巡邏以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)，載客超過36人的船對此有強制要求Flooding漏損Majorflowofseawaterintothevessel海水大量進入船舶FoammonitorApowerfulfoamfireextinguishers

48、tandingbyaboardtankersloadingordischargingoil泡沫滅火噴射器裝卸貨油時油船上備用的大型泡沫滅火器Foul(ofanchor)Anchorhasitsowncabletwistedarounditorhasfouledanobstruction纏鏈錨鏈絞纏在錨上或其它障礙物上Foul(ofpropeller)纏槳Aline,wire,net,etc.,iswoundroundthepropeller繩、線、網(wǎng)等絞纏在螺旋槳上Fullspeed全速Highestpossiblespeedofavessel船舶的最大速度Generalemergencyal

49、armAsoundsignalofsevenshortblastsandonelongblastgiven緊急警報withthevesselssoundsystem船舶警報系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的7短聲1長聲的警報全球海上遇險與安全系統(tǒng)GPSGlobal(satellite)positioningsystem全球定位系統(tǒng)HamperedvesselAvesselrestrictedbyitsabilitytomanoeuvrebythenatureitsworkoritsdeepdraft操縱受限船因作業(yè)或吃水而操縱能力受到限制的船HatchrailsRopessupportedbystanchionsar

50、oundanopenhatchtopreventpersonsfromfallingintoahold艙口攔繩在開敞的艙口周圍由立柱支撐的圍繩，以防人員迭落艙下Hoisthere:Acableusedbyhelicoptersforliftingorloweringpersonsinapick-upoperation吊索直升飛機吊提作業(yè)中用作人員吊提的繩具IMO-ClassGroupofdangerousorhazardousgoods,harmfulsubstancesormarinepollutantsinseatransportasclassifiedintheInternational

51、DangerousGoodsCode(IMDGCode)國際海事組織類別國際海事組織國際海運危險貨物規(guī)則中規(guī)定的危險品、有害物質(zhì)或海洋污染物InitialcourseCoursedirectedbytheOSCorCSStobesteeredatthebeginningofasearch初搜航向由現(xiàn)場指揮員或協(xié)調(diào)員規(guī)定的搜索開始的航向Inoperative失效Notfunctioning喪失作用Jettison(to)(ofcargo)Throwingoverboardofgoodsinordertolightenthevesselor棄貨improveitsstabilityincaseof

52、anemergency在緊急時為減小船舶重量或增加船舶穩(wěn)性而將貨物拋至舷外Launch(to)落放Tolower,e.g.lifeboatstothewater將救生艇等落向水面LeakingEscapeofliquidssuchaswater,oil,etc.,outofpipes,boiltanks,etc.,oraminorinflowofseawaterintothevesseldue滲漏adamagetothehull管線、鍋爐、艙柜等中的水或油的泄漏，或因船殼破損海水滲入船內(nèi)Leeway背風(fēng)移動Lateralmovementofthevesseltoleewardofitscour

53、se船舶向背風(fēng)向側(cè)移Letgo(to)拋放Tosetfree,letloose,orcastoff(ofanchors,lines,etc.)拋、解、松、放(錨、纜等)LifeboatstationPlaceassignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetbeforetheywillbeorderedtoenterthelifeboats救生艇站船員和旅客登艇前的集合地點List橫傾Inclinationofthevesseltoportsideorstarboardside船舶向左或向右橫傾Makewater(to)Seawatertoflowin

54、tothevesselduetodamagetoitshull,orhatchesawashandnotproperlyclosed進水因船體損壞或艙蓋被沖掉，海水流入船內(nèi)ManoeuvringspeedAvesselsreducedrateofinspreeesdtrictedwaterssuchasfairways,harbours,etc.操縱速度船舶在航道或港內(nèi)所減小的速度MassdiseaseAnillnesspreferablyofaninfectiousnatureseizingmorethatwopersonsonboardatthesametime群疫船上兩名以上人員同時患有

55、的具有傳染性的疾病Moor(to)Tosecureavesselinaparticularplacebymeansofchainsorropesmadefasttotheshore,toanchors,ortoanchoredmooringbuoys,ortoridewithbothanchorsdown系泊將鏈或繩系在岸上、錨上、錨泊的浮筒上，或雙錨溜錨，以將船固定在某一地點Muster(to)Toassemblecrew,passengersorbothinaspecialplaceforpurposesofchecking隹集合將船員和/或旅客集合在某一地點以核查人數(shù)Notunderco

56、mmand(NUC)AvesselwhichthroughexceptionalcircumstancesisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheCOLREGs失控船船舶因異常情況而不能按避撞規(guī)則的要求進行操縱ObstructionAnobjectsuchasawreck,net,etc.,whichblocksafairway,route,etc.礙航物阻航道的沉船、網(wǎng)具等障礙物OffairWhenthetransmissionsofaradiostationoraDeccachain,etc.,havebrokendown,switchedofforsuspen

57、ded停止發(fā)射無線電臺、臺卡鏈站等損壞、關(guān)閉、中斷發(fā)射Offstation(ofbuoys)漂移Notatthepositioncharted不在海圖標(biāo)稱的位置上Oilclearance油污清除Anoperationtoremoveoilfromthewatersurface清除海上污油的作業(yè)Operational可操作Readyforimmediateuse可即時使用Ordnanceexercise軍事演習(xí)Navalfiringpractice海軍發(fā)射演習(xí)OSCOn-scenecommander:Thecommanderofarescueunitdesignatedtoco-ordinate

58、searchandrescueoperationswithinaspecifiedarea現(xiàn)場指揮員在某一指定區(qū)域中指定作為搜救作業(yè)指揮的人員Outbound/inbound進/出港船vesseAlvesselleaving/enteringport進入或駛離港口的船舶OverflowAccidentalescapeofoiloutofatankwhenitgetstoofullbecausepumpingwasnotstoppedintime溢油因未及時停下泵浦致使艙柜油品溢出PolluterAvesselemittingharmfulsubstancesintotheairorspilli

59、ngintothesea污染船向空氣散發(fā)出污染物或向海水中漏油的船舶Proceed(to)駛往Tosailorheadforacertainpositionortocontinuethevoya向某一位置駛?cè)セ蚶^續(xù)航行PA-systemPublicaddresssystem:Loudspeakersinthevesselscabins,messrooms,etc.,andondeckviawhichimportantinformationcanbebroadcastfromacentralpoint,mostlyfromthenavigationbridge廣播系統(tǒng)艙室中、餐廳中或甲板上的高音

60、喇叭，用作從控制中心或駕駛臺播送重要信息RCCRescueco-ordinationcentre:Land-basedauthorityconductingandco-ordinatingsearchandrescueoperationsinadesignatedarea搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心在指定區(qū)域中從事搜救作業(yè)和搜救協(xié)調(diào)的岸上機構(gòu)ReceivingpointAmarkorplaceatwhichavesselcomesunderobligatoryentry,transit,orescortprocedure接受點船舶到達進入、通過或護航點的標(biāo)志或地點ReferencelineAfictiveli