美聯(lián)英語：初中英語重要介詞的用法詳解(全)

1、 HYPERLINK http:/ 美聯(lián)英語提供：美聯(lián)英語：初中英語重要介詞的用法詳解（全）（一）初中英語語法之介詞口訣詳解早、午、晚要用 in例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天at 黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候at noon 在中午at night 在夜間at midnight 在午夜以上短語都不用冠詞at six oclock 在6點(diǎn)鐘at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7點(diǎn)半at half past eleven 在1

2、1點(diǎn)半at nine fifteen 在9點(diǎn)15 分at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點(diǎn)30分也可以寫成 seven to five 5點(diǎn)差7分(半小時(shí)以上)five minutes after two 2點(diǎn)過5分at a quarter to two 1點(diǎn)45分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日則用 on)，在四季，在第幾周等都要用 in。例：in 1986 在1986 年in 1927 在1927 年in April 在四月in March 在三月in December, 1986 1986年

3、12月in July, l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 這學(xué)期的第一周in the third week 在第三周陽光、燈、影、衣、冒 in，即在陽光下，在燈下，在樹陰下，穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用 in。例：Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們?cè)诿髁恋臒艄庀聫?fù)習(xí)功課。They are

4、 sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。a prisoner in irons 帶著鐐銬的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 舊社會(huì)窮人們衣衫襤褸。以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽光下a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿著白(黑、紅、黃)

5、色衣服的婦女in uniform 穿著制服in mourning 穿著喪服in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋in his shirt sleeves 穿著襯衫將來時(shí)態(tài) in 以后例: They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來。Ill come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來。Well be back in no time. 我們一會(huì)兒就回來。Come and see me in two days time. 兩天后來看我。(從現(xiàn)在開始)After (從過去開始)小處 at 大處 in例：Li and I arriv

6、ed at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Dont worry.李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣，一切很好，勿念。I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)，而我的父母則住在農(nóng)村。Im in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.有形 with 無形 by，語言、單位、材料 in例：The workers are paving

7、a road with stone. 工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. 是出好戲。(無形)The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法無形)I really cant express my idea in En

8、glish freely in-deed.我確實(shí)不能用英語流利地表達(dá)我的思想。(表示某種語言用 in)I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄語寫了一本小說。(同上)The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)度單位。(表示度、量、衡單位的用 in )The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.長(zhǎng)度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計(jì)算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronz

9、e not in gold. 這個(gè)牌匾是銅鑄的，不是金鑄的。特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用 in特征或狀態(tài)：例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那時(shí)民主黨執(zhí)政。They found the patient in a coma. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。He has not been in good health for some years. 他幾年來身體一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope. 許多人帶著絕望情緒而來，卻滿懷希望而去。The house was in ruins. 這

10、房屋成了廢墟。The poor girl was in tears. 這個(gè)貧苦女孩淚流滿面。Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun. 我說這話只是開玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 與其說她講得很氣憤，不如說她講得很傷心。還有一些短語也用 in，如：in jest 詼諧地，in joke 開玩笑地，in spite 惡意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 報(bào)復(fù), in merc

11、y 寬大，in sorrow 傷心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他腦子里很亂。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都興高采烈，沒有一個(gè)情緒低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。The campaign was in full swing. 運(yùn)動(dòng)正值高潮中。方面：例：We accepted the item in principle. 我們?cè)谠瓌t上接受了這個(gè)條款。They are ne

12、ver backward in giving their views. 他們從來不怕發(fā)表自己的意見。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.這個(gè)落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給。A good teacher must be an example in study. 一個(gè)好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范。方式：例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有報(bào)告都用速記記錄下來了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of pa

13、triotism and internationalism.黨一貫以愛國(guó)主義和國(guó)際主義精神教育我們。如下成語慣用 in例：in all 總計(jì)in advance 事前in the meantime 與此同時(shí)in place 適當(dāng)?shù)豬n hopes of(或 in the hope of) 懷著希望in connection with 和有關(guān)in contact with 和聯(lián)系in addition to 除以外in case of 倘若，萬一in conflict with 和沖突in force 有效的，大批in depth 徹底地in regard to 關(guān)于in the neighbo

14、rhood of 大約、鄰近in retrospect 回顧，一想起in behalf of 代表利益in the least 一點(diǎn)，絲毫in alarm 驚慌、擔(dān)心in the opinion of 據(jù)見解in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說來in ones opinion 在看來in word 口頭上in a word 總之in vain 無益地, 白白地in case 如果，萬一，以防in detail 詳細(xì)地in haste 急急忙忙地in conclusion 總之in spite of 盡管in other words 換句話說in return 作為回報(bào)in the name

15、 of 以名義be confident in 對(duì)有信心be interested in 對(duì)感興趣in doubt 懷疑in love 戀愛中in debt 負(fù)債in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地in hesitation 猶豫不決in wonder 在驚奇中in public (secret) 公開他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情緒)好（二）初中英語語法之介詞口訣詳解日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用 on。例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日on February the thirteenth l893 1

16、893年2月13日on May the first 5月1日on the first 1號(hào)on the sixteenth 16號(hào)on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日on a summer evening 在夏天的一個(gè)夜晚on Boxing Day 在節(jié)禮日(圣誕節(jié)次日)on New Years Day 在元旦on my birthday 在我的生日但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣誕節(jié)假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀(jì); in ancient times 在古代

17、; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在現(xiàn)代，則用 in，at the present time 現(xiàn)在，at the present day 當(dāng)今 則用 at。on May Day 在“五一”節(jié)on winter day 在冬天on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日on Sunday 在星期天on Monday 在星期一on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午on Friday evening 星期五晚上但 last night 昨夜;in the evening

18、 在晚上; on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，in time 及時(shí)，等則不同。年月日，加早午晚，of 之前 on 代 in例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨on the evening of 4th 4日晚上On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他們?cè)谂R行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會(huì)，他們的團(tuán)長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了告別講話。收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng)，值日 on例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on)

19、the radio last night?您的導(dǎo)師喜歡昨天從收音機(jī)里聽到的故事嗎?I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我從收音機(jī)里聽到了這一條消息。talk over the radio 由無線電播音on TV 從電視里hear something on the wireless 在無線電里聽到My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一個(gè)軍墾農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。The students are working on a school farm. 學(xué)生們正在校辦農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)。This is a farme

20、rs house on a farm. 這是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)舍。Who is on duty, today? 今天誰值日?We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我們上午8點(diǎn)鐘上班。關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我們要聽關(guān)于國(guó)際形勢(shì)的報(bào)告。Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.申教授將給我們做關(guān)于美國(guó)之行的報(bào)告。You are wrong on all

21、 these issues. 在這些問題上你的看法都錯(cuò)了。The belief is based on practical experience. 這種信念是以實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的。Theory must be based on practice. 理論必須以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)。The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。You cant afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month.靠月薪100 元的收入，

22、你是買不起奢侈品的。Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精飼料喂養(yǎng)她心愛的狗。He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一個(gè)乞丐，?？繐p害別人過日子。Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 讓水壺的水一直開著。The enemy are on the run (=running). 敵人在逃跑。On 后接 the 加上一個(gè)作名詞的動(dòng)詞.其意義與現(xiàn)在分詞所表達(dá)的相近。類似例子很多如：on the march 在行軍中，on the me

23、nd 在好轉(zhuǎn)中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活動(dòng)中，on the scrounge 巧取豪奪(俚語)，on the go 活躍，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch 監(jiān)視著。on the hop 趁不備抓住某人等等。on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship 實(shí)踐論和矛盾論on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship 論人民民主專政“on Coalition Government”論聯(lián)合政府（三）初中英語語法之介詞口訣詳解日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下

24、皆用 on。例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日on May the first 5月1日on the first 1號(hào)on the sixteenth 16號(hào)on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日on a summer evening 在夏天的一個(gè)夜晚on Boxing Day 在節(jié)禮日(圣誕節(jié)次日)on New Years Day 在元旦on my birthday 在我的生日但 in the Ch

25、ristmas holidays 在圣誕節(jié)假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀(jì); inancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在現(xiàn)代，則用 in，at thepresent time 現(xiàn)在，at the present day 當(dāng)今 則用 at。on May Day 在“五一”節(jié)on winter day 在冬天on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日on Sunday 在星期天on Monday 在星期一on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨on S

26、aturday afternoon 星期六下午on Friday evening 星期五晚上但 last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，in time 及時(shí)，等則不同。年月日，加早午晚，of 之前 on 代 in例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨on the evening of 4th 4日晚上On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave afarewell speech. 他們?cè)谂R行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會(huì)

27、，他們的團(tuán)長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了告別講話。收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng)，值日 on例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?您的導(dǎo)師喜歡昨天從收音機(jī)里聽到的故事嗎?I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我從收音機(jī)里聽到了這一條消息。talk over the radio 由無線電播音on TV 從電視里hear something on the wireless 在無線電里聽到My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一個(gè)軍墾

28、農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。The students are working on a school farm. 學(xué)生們正在校辦農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)。This is a farmers house on a farm. 這是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)舍。Who is on duty, today? 今天誰值日?We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我們上午8點(diǎn)鐘上班。關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我們要聽關(guān)于國(guó)際形勢(shì)的報(bào)告。Professor Shen will gi

29、ve us a talk on traveling in America.申教授將給我們做關(guān)于美國(guó)之行的報(bào)告。You are wrong on all these issues. 在這些問題上你的看法都錯(cuò)了。The belief is based on practical experience. 這種信念是以實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的。Theory must be based on practice. 理論必須以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)。The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪

30、金生活。You cant afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month.靠月薪100 元的收入，你是買不起奢侈品的。Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精飼料喂養(yǎng)她心愛的狗。He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一個(gè)乞丐，?？繐p害別人過日子。Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 讓水壺的水一直開著。The enemy are on the run (=running). 敵人

31、在逃跑。On 后接 the 加上一個(gè)作名詞的動(dòng)詞.其意義與現(xiàn)在分詞所表達(dá)的相近。類似例子很多如：on the march 在行軍中，on the mend 在好轉(zhuǎn)中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活動(dòng)中，onthe scrounge 巧取豪奪(俚語)，on the go 活躍，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch監(jiān)視著。on the hop 趁不備抓住某人等等。on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship 實(shí)踐論和矛盾論on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship 論

32、人民民主專政“on Coalition Government”論聯(lián)合政府著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、準(zhǔn)注：口訣中的“著”是指著火，“罷”指罷工，“偷”指偷偷地，“公”指出差、辦公事;“假”指休假，“準(zhǔn)”指準(zhǔn)時(shí)。例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我鄰居的房子著火了。The workers of the railway station were on strike. 鐵路工人罷工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上

33、市了。Do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。Ive come here on business. 我是有公事來的。They went to Bern on a mission. 他們到伯爾尼去執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)使命。They have been away on a long trip. 他們出去做一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。Ill go home on leave next month. 下月我將休假回家。I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的，不是不告而別。She cam

34、e to see you on purpose. 她是專程來看你的。He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到這來是要與你討論這件事的?！癟his lunch is on me.”“這頓午飯我付錢?！薄癗o. lets go Dutch.”“不，還是各付各的。”O(jiān)n the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反，這事兒很容易理解。P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來。注：in time 是“及時(shí)”的意思。The train arrived o

35、n schedule. 火車準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。（四）初中英語語法之介詞口訣詳解this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one 接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣例：一天 one day (不說 on one day)one summer 在一個(gè)夏天one year 一年last night 昨天夜里last Friday 上個(gè)星期五last month 上月last year 去年yesterday afternoon 昨天下午tomorrow afternoon 明天下午tomorrow evening 明天晚上next month 下個(gè)月next we

36、ek 下周next year 明年next Saturday 下星期六this morning 今天早晨this year 今年this Tuesday 本星期二this Autumn 今年秋天that morning 那天早上that evening 那天晚上無論前面介詞 in、on 還是 at，通通可省略，不能說 at last night, on last Friday, in last month, in this year 這些都是不對(duì)的，須去掉介詞。over, under 正上下，above, below 則不然，若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無關(guān)。例：There is a pictu

37、re over the window. 窗戶上面有一幅畫。(正上方)The plane flew above the city. 飛機(jī)飛過城市上空。(高于城市并非正上方)A lamp was hanging over the table. 一盞燈是在方桌上方。(正上方)The moon was now above the trees in the east. 這時(shí)月亮已經(jīng)在東邊樹林的上方。(非正上方)Dont stand above the masses. 勿高踞于群眾之上。(比喻一一非正上方)The mountain is 700 feet above sea level. 這座山海拔700

38、米。(非正上方)There is a small building below the hill. 山下有座小樓房。(非正下方)There is a submarine under the water. 水下有艘潛水艇。(正下方)Water was found ten feet below the surface. 在地面下10英尺處找到了水。(非正下方)The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. 農(nóng)民們正在樹下乘涼。(正下方)over under 正上下，低高 below 與 aboveThe temperature in the

39、 room is below (or under) 30.室溫是攝氏30度以下。(數(shù)量詞兩者皆可)Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000?你們有哪些價(jià)格低于10000美元的計(jì)算機(jī)?(數(shù)量詞兩者皆可beyond 超出、無、不能例：Its quite beyond me (It is more than I can understand). 這我完全不懂。Dont stay out beyond 10 oclock. 不要在外呆到10點(diǎn)以后還不回家。But the gratitude from the bo

40、ttom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control. 發(fā)自肺腑的對(duì)學(xué)生們和我的老同事們的感激之心使我毫不緊張，毫不拘束;Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it cant be praised enough.你的成績(jī)是贊揚(yáng)不盡的。That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.那樣開玩笑太過火了。They were to

41、uched beyond words. 他們被感動(dòng)得無法形容。(無)To do this was quite beyond all doubts. 辦這事我無能為力。(超出)This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 這是必然的，毫無疑義的。(無)另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.句子中的 beyond 是“那邊”的意思。（五）初中英語語法之介詞口訣詳解復(fù)不定 for、找，價(jià)，原，對(duì)，給，段，去，為，作，贊復(fù)不定 for，即用 for 引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式;找，意為找到，提

42、供; 價(jià)，意為價(jià)格、工資;原，意為原因;段，意為時(shí)間或距離; 去，意為去某地或開往某地;作，意為作為; 贊，意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)例：It is high time for us to start. 我們不該再遲延了。The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。I dont think it advisable for him to study medicine. 我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。Your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to