2020屆福建省福州市高中畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題(教師版)

1、2020年福州市高中畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測央語試卷第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B. C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂AWant to be more successfuI? If so, then you need to read a few self-help books. Here are four popular ones to get you going.59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard Wi semanThis is a self-help book w

2、ith a difference. Wi seman, a scientist, uses science to prove many self-help myths(神話)are false. For example, seIf-heIp books say that if you want to achieve a goaI, you should visual ize it. But Wiseman says that1 s the worst thing to do. Studies show that you need to visualize the steps requi red

3、 to achieve the goaI.How to V/i n Fr iends& Influence Peop I e ( 1936) by Dale CarnegieThis is the book that launched the seIf-heIp type. Carnegiesays financialsuccess is15%professional know I edge and 85% the ab i I i ty to express ideas,assumeleadership, and motivate people.The book is full of pra

4、ctical advice on how to influencepeopleby making themI ike you.The Millionai re Next Door (1996) by Thomas Stanley &WiliamDankoThe authors of this book spent years interviev/ing Amer ican millionai res to figure out the secrets of thei r success. And they discovered that a ma jor ity of mi I Iionai

5、res dont Iive luxury I ifestyles. They1re r ich because they Iive below thei r means and reinvest v/hat they earn.Who Moved My Cheese? (1998)-by Spencer JohnsonWho Moved My Cheese? An Amaz i ng Way to Dea I with Change in Your Work and i n Your Life, pub I i shed on September 8, 1998, is a motivatio

6、nal business fable. The text describes change in one1s work and Iife, and four typicaI reactions to those changes by two mice and two little people”, dur ing thei r hunt for cheese, 1. What is the key to achieving success in 59 Seconds?A. To employ science.B. To fol low examples.C. To picture proced

7、ures.D. To visual ize the goal.What is Dale Carnegie1s book mainly about?B. Hov/ to apply practical techniques.D. Hov/ to become popular persons.in your Iife?B. Who Moved My Cheese?D. How to V/i n Fr iends& Influence PeoplA. How to master occupational knowledge.C. How to gain strong management.Which

8、 book can help you adapt to changeA. 59 SecondsC. The Millionai re Next Door【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四本有助于變得更成功的自助書籍。1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) 59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard Wiseman 部分中 Studies show that you need to visual ize the steps requi red to achieve the goal,可知研究表明，你需要設(shè)想實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需的步驟。由此可知， 要想在59秒內(nèi)取

9、得成功，關(guān)鍵是要把步驟想象出來。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) How to Win Fr iends& Influence Peop I e ( 1936) by Dale Carnegie 部分中 The book is fuI I of practical advice on how to influence people by making them I ike you.可知這本書里有 很多實(shí)用的建議，教你如何通過讓別人喜炊你來影響別人。由此可知，DaleCarnegie的書主要講了如何成 為受歡迎的人。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中 Who Moved My C

10、heese? An Amaz ing Way to Dea I with Change in Your Work and in Your Life, pub Iished on September 8, 1998, i s a mot i vat ionaI business fable. The text descr ibes change i n one* s work and I i fe, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “l(fā)ittle people* , during their hunt

11、 for cheese.可知 1998 年 9 月 8 日出版的誰動了 我的 奶酪？處理工作和生活變化的神奇方法是一個勵志的商業(yè)寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的變化，以及兩 只老鼠和兩個“小人物”在尋找奶酪的過程中對這些變化的四種典型反應(yīng)。由此可知，誰動了我的奶酪？ 這本書可以幫助你適應(yīng)生活中的變化。故選B。BWhen Millet was a boy he v/orked on his needy father 1 s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would a I I take naps, but young M

12、illet v/ouId spend time drawing. Finally, the v iI I age where he Ii ved gave him a little money to Par i s to study art.When Millet reached Paris, he had a tough time. Fortunately, when he was almost starving,someone bought one of his peasant paintings, which enabled his family to leave for Barbizo

13、n.Mi I let* s pictures of peasants at work were painted in a unique way. The painter would go out on the farms and watch them careful lydigging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing gra i n. Then he wou I d come home and pa i nt what he had seen. So aston i shingly accurate was h i s mem

14、ory that he could paint at home without mode I s and get a I I the movements of his figures r ight. When he did need a figure to go by, he wouId ask his v/ife to pose for him.One of his noted artworks is cal led “The Sower” , which shows a man seeding. He reaches into his bag for seed and then swing

15、s backward to scatter the seed, and with each swing of his hand the sov/er str ides forward. In Mi I lets picture the sov/er has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smooth ly, I ike a mach i ne. On I y the man s head revea Is his great t i redness.Another masterpiece is calle

16、d The Gleaners” . A gleaner is someone picking up the leftover in the field after the v/heat harvest. When farmers near Barbizon are extremely badly-off, even see from Mi I let1s picture what back-breakingthe I ittIe the gleaners can find is a help. You can v/ork gleaning must be.What do v/e knov/ a

17、bout Mi I let?A. His wife supported him to be a painter.B.C. He spent his whole Iife in Barbizon.D.How did he paint the laboring farmers?A.Asking models for help.B.C.Remember ing what he had observed.D.What do Mi I let1s works convey?A.The farmers* hardships.B.C.His love for the vi I I age.D.What pa

18、inting style of Milletcan be inferredA.Impressionistic.B.C.Romantic.D.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. DHe was keen on painting as a kid.He was brought up in Par i s.Imagining figures in the field.RecaI I ing the days on his father 1s farm.The scene of farming.His anxiety about the farmers.from the text?Abstra

19、ct.Realistic.【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了 Millet從小就喜歡畫畫,他的畫作主要描繪了農(nóng)民勞動時的場景。他通過記住他所觀察到的來描繪勞動的農(nóng)民，且Mil let的作品傳達(dá)了農(nóng)民的艱辛。文章最后介紹了他的兩幅作品?！?題詳解】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中 When Millet was a boy he worked on hi s needy father1 s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers v/ou I d a I I take naps, but young Millet would spe

20、nd time drawing. 可知，當(dāng)小米還是個孩子的時候，他在他父親的農(nóng)場工作。在田間休息的時候，其他的工人都會打盹，但小 Mi I let會花時間畫畫。由此可知，Mi I let從小就喜歡畫畫。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中 The painter would go out on the farms and watch them careful ly-digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he v/ouId come home and paint what he had

21、seen.可知畫家會到農(nóng)場去，看他們仔細(xì)地挖土、鋤地、撒肥料、鋸木頭或播種。然后他回到家， 把他所看到的畫出來。由此可知，他通過記住他所觀察到的來描繪勞動的農(nóng)民。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中 In Mi I lets picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smooth ly, I ike a mach i ne. On I y the man s head revea Is his great t i redness. 可知在Mi I let的畫中，

22、播種者一直在努力工作，但他擺動的步伐和手臂仍然流暢地移動，像一臺機(jī)器。只 有這個男人的頭部顯露出他極度的疲憊。以及最后一段中You can see from Millets picture what back-breaking v/ork gleaning must be.可知從Millet的畫中可以看出，拾穗是一項(xiàng)多么累人的工作。由 此可推知，Mi I let的作品傳達(dá)了農(nóng)民的艱辛。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中Millet通過觀察勞動的農(nóng)民來進(jìn)行作畫，以及最后兩段描述Mi I let作品 中農(nóng)民耕作時現(xiàn)實(shí)的形象，由此可推知，Mi I let的繪畫風(fēng)格是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的。故選D。

23、CThe London Interdiscipl inary Schoo I (LIS), scheduled to open in 2021 with a target of admitting 100 students, wi I I abandon traditional academic subjects and offer a three year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deaI v/ith real-worId issues. The curr iculum is buiIt around interdis

24、cipl inary problems-knife crime, chi Idhood obesity, plastic pol lution, among others-as v/e I I as quantitative and qua Iitative research skills. Employers I ike the Met Pol ice and Vi rgin v/i I I provide pro ject ideas and offer five -week v/ork exper ience for students.We re going to try and cre

25、ate a really transformat ionaI educational exper ience where a I I the people in the institution are v/aking up every morning and saying, How can we take these brill iant young peopIe and gi ve them an amaz ing learning exper ience?” says Ed Fidoe, a co-founder of the LIS. The idea is simi lar to a

26、U. S. I ibera I arts GU只教育)degree but also more specifical ly focused on multiple subjects economics, psychology, sociology, statistic, etc. to solve comp I ex problems I ike chi Idhood obesity. In other v/ords, the problem, not the sub ject, sits at the center of the curr icuIum. The skills student

27、s deveI op, the founders hope, wi I I more closely come into agreement with what an AHinfused, automated wor Id demands: col laboration （協(xié)作）between people and machines, critical thinking, speaking and v/r iting ski I I, and data management, to name just a few things.The chaI lenges of bui Iding a ne

28、w university from scratch are daunting（令人生畏的）：students have to sign up for, and pay for, something untested; al I the teachers wi I I have to teach in a totaI ly new and different way; and there* s a r i sk that an interdiscipl inary curr iculum wi I I be interesting but thin. Fidoe says it s a ta I

29、 I order, Are any 17-year-olds going to be crazy enough to come to something that doesn, t exist yet against something that s been around for 150 years?” he says.In the U.K, students apply through an admissions service center, and exam results are more important than anything else. On the contrary,

30、at the LIS, students will instead apply directly dur i ng a pre-determined u select ion day“ where everyone i s invited to participate. This day wi I I include a face-to-face interview so that the col lege can better understand a studentf s background, mot ivations, and passions.What is the aim of t

31、he LIS?To provide more and more project ideas for students.To take a real-worId approach to higher education.To help employers to develop the students skills. D To conduct qua Iitative and quantitative research.What s special about the curriculum the LIS sets up?A. It is subject-centered.B. It is ba

32、sed on Al technology.C. It centers around soc i a I concerns.D. It covers every aspect of society.What does the sentence “it s a taI I orderM under Iined in Para.3 mean?It s interesting to teach in a nev/ approach.It s bound to put the curriculum in order.It s exciting to take on new chaIlenges.It s

33、 hard to build the new university.What can we learn about the LIS from the last paragraph? 跨學(xué)科的課程可能會很有趣，但卻很單調(diào)。）”可知講述了建立該大學(xué)的困難之處，因此推知，劃線句應(yīng)是 在總結(jié)講述該大學(xué)課程的難以實(shí)現(xiàn)和實(shí)施。選項(xiàng)D It s hard to build the new university. 符合文 意。故選D項(xiàng)。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容：On the contrary, at the LIS, students will i nstead app I y d i r

34、ect I y dur ing a pre-determined selection day“ where everyone is invited to participate. This day wi I I include a face-to-face interview so that the col lege can better understand a student * s background, motivations, and pass ions.可知，在LIS,學(xué)生們將在預(yù)先確定的“選拔日”直接申請，每個人都被邀請 參加，這一天將包括一次面對面的面試，以便學(xué)院能夠更好地了解

35、學(xué)生的背景、動機(jī)和熱情。因此可推知, 該學(xué)校更加強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的個人背景和經(jīng)臉。C項(xiàng)It emphasizes students persona I experiences and qualities .（它強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的個人經(jīng)歷和品質(zhì)。）”為依據(jù)原文的合理推斷。故選C項(xiàng)。點(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時間、，也點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類 題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文 章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。比如文章的第1小題：What is the aim of the LIS?To provide

36、more and more project ideas for students.To take a real-worId approach to higher education.To help employers to develop the students * skills.To conduct qua Iitative and quantitative research.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“aim”，利用尋讀法可定位至文章第一段第1句內(nèi)容“The London Interdisciplinary School （LIS）, scheduled to open in 2021 with a

37、 target of admitting 100 students, will abandon traditional academic subjects and offer a three year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deal with real-wor Id issues.” 可知，“to deal with real-wor Id issues” 應(yīng)是用動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 表明該學(xué)院設(shè)立的目的，但選項(xiàng)中并未有原句表達(dá)，通過分析選項(xiàng)，與原文對比可知，選項(xiàng)B“To take a real-wor Id approac

38、h to higher education.（將真實(shí)世界解決問題的方法引入高等教育）”與原文表達(dá)含 義一致。故B項(xiàng)為答案。DInaccessible Island is v/elI named. It is an uninhabited rock in the South Atlantic ocean.Go there, though, and you v/i I I find its coast is covered with I itter.That has been the exper ience of Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town,

39、 in South Afr ica.Since 1984 Dr. Ryan has been visiting Inaccessible, record i ng the I itter stranded on the island* s beaches. This week, he has pub Ii shed the results.Though Inaccessible is indeed remote, the nature of oceanic ci rculation means that this i s exactly the sort of place where floa

40、ting rubbish tends to accumulate.Dr. Ryan and his col leagues focused on one particular class of Iitter： bottles. Thei r definition of a bottle included jars and containers, and things made of meta I, glass or polymer. Most, though, were of polyethylene terephthalate , a I ight plastic.A particular

41、advantage of picking bottles to investigate is that they are often stamped with thei r country of manufacture. That enabled Dr. Ryan to analyze the history of oceanic I itter ing. He ana Iyzed the proport ions of bott les from var ious geographicaI sources. In 1989 the preponderance (優(yōu)勢)of them (67%

42、) was South Amer ican. Twenty years later, in 2009, bottles made in Asia contr ibuted more or less equal ly (44%) v/ith South Amer ican ones (41%), By 2018 the overwhelming (壓倒性的)major ity (74%) v/ere Asian.This geographical shift speaks volumes. The first samp Ie suggests most I itter arriving on I

43、naccessible had been washed off the land or dropped from coastal shipping South America being a relatively nearby continent. The other two, with thei r rising proportions of rubbish from Asia, which is too far from the island for it to have floated there, strongly suggest it was crews empt i es bein

44、g f I ung from ships. Such I itter ing i s banned - which, ironical ly, came into force in 1989. But evidently a lot of ships captains do not care. They permit the dumping of rubbish over the side, regardless.What leads to I itter gather i ng on Inaccessible IsI and?A. The natura I phenomenon of oce

45、an currents.B. Too many people, s activities on the islandC. The litter s floating around the island.D. The island s remote location.Why does Dr. Ryan choose bottles as subjects?A. It is easy to analyze them.C. There are stamps attached to them.14. What does the under Iined word “flung”Cast away.C.

46、Carried out.It is possible to figure out thei r sources.D. They contribute most to oceanic Iittering.in the last paragraph mean?B. Given av/ay.D. Put out.What is the best title for the text?Plastic Bottles Washed up on Inaccessible IsI andGeographical Factors Accounting for More RubbishPlastic Pollu

47、tion Worsen i ng on Remote At I ant i cA Bott Ied up Rubb i sh Problem on Inaccessible Island【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】這是一篇說明文。Inaccessible島的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一塊無人居住的巖石。然而，去那里，你 會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的海岸到處都是垃圾。Peter Ryan和他的同事們的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Inaccessible島上的垃圾堆積的 原因是因?yàn)檠罅鲗?dǎo)致的，文章還說明了他們是如何進(jìn)行調(diào)查從而發(fā)現(xiàn)這一原因的，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)島上的垃圾都 是從陸地上被沖走的，或者是從沿海的船

48、只上扔下的。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 Though Inaccessible is indeed remote, the nature of oceanic ci rculat ion means that this i s exact I y the sort of place where floating rubbish tends to accumulate.可知， 雖然Inaccessible島的確很遙遠(yuǎn)，但海洋環(huán)流的性質(zhì)意味著這里正是漂浮垃圾容易堆積的地方。由此可知， 洋流的自然現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了 Inaccessible島的垃圾堆積。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段

49、中 A particular advantage of picking bottles to investigate is that they are often stamped v/ith their country of manufacture.可知，挑選瓶子進(jìn)行調(diào)查的一個特別優(yōu)點(diǎn)是， 它們通常都印有生產(chǎn)國家的標(biāo)志。由此可知，Ryan博士選擇瓶子作為實(shí)臉對象是因?yàn)檫@樣可能可以弄清瓶 子的來源。故選B?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文 The other two, with thei r rising proportions of rubb i sh from As i a, which

50、i s too far from the island for it to have floated there, strongly suggest it v/as crews empties being可知，另外兩艘船中，來自亞洲的垃圾越來越多，因?yàn)閬喼揠x該島太遠(yuǎn)，不可能漂浮在島上，這有力 地說明了這是船員從船上丟棄的空垃圾。由此可知，劃線單詞意思為“丟棄”。A. Cast away.丟棄；B. Given away.分發(fā)；C. Carried out.實(shí)施；D. Put out.熄滅。故選 A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段 Inaccessible Island i s we I

51、I named. It is an uninhabited rock i n the South Atlantic ocean. Go there, though, and you wi I I find its coast i s covered with litter.可知， Inaccessible島的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一塊無人居住的巖石。然而，去那里，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的海岸到 處都是垃圾。結(jié)合文章主要介紹了 Inaccessible島的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一塊無人居住的巖石。然 而，去那里，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的海岸到處都是垃圾。Peter Ryan和他的同事們的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Inaccess

52、ible島 上的垃圾堆積的原因是因?yàn)檠罅鲗?dǎo)致的，文章還說明了他們是如何進(jìn)行調(diào)查從而發(fā)現(xiàn)這一原因的，他們發(fā) 現(xiàn)島上的垃圾都是從陸地上被沖走的，或者是從沿海的船只上扔下的。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“Inaccessible 島上的垃圾問題”最符合文章標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Many parents see business ownership as a better bet for thei r kids1 future than a graduate degree. Some parents

53、 described it as the opportunity to control their fortunes and have a chance to get wealth. 16 In fact, setting a child up in business is surely one big test of thatbond. It i s probably r isky: smaI I-business failures are common, and parents r i sk losing thei r ent i re i nvestment, thei r I ife

54、savings, or more. They a I so r i sk having thei r relationships with young- adult chi Idren intent at this stage on independence. 17 Jon Kelecy1 s father set him up recently in a franchise （加盟店）, Jon, 26, loves the work and appreciates his dad* s support. But he di si ikes being in his father1s poc

55、ketn in spite of al I the anxiety of a start-up.Many parents choose franchises for thei r kids because they seem to offer market ing, branding and management support. 18 . One mother lost $250, 000 v/hen a fast-food franchise she purchased for her son f i led, Mr. Bundy says. In another case, parent

56、s lost 8350. 000 on a coffee-shop business they financed for thei r daughter. 19 . “As a parent, the best git you can ever receive i s to see your chi Idren happy and successful, and equipped to make a living, Marvin Himel says.20 . Some structured it as a loan and delayed repayment. Others took sto

57、ck in the business, v/i th an agreement that thei r child would use future earnings to buy it back. Some parents look farther ahead, hoping thei r chi Idren* s business v/iI I support them in reti rement.Is hard for chiIdren to make a choiceA few viewed it as a long-term investmentThe setups can be

58、stressful for young adults, tooBut start-up business costs quite a lot, and has high r isksParents often say they v/ouId do anything for thei r chi IdrenChiIdren are eager to get support from their parents in managementFor some parents, however, the potential rev/ards seem worth a I I the r i sk【答案】

59、16. E 17. C 18. D 19. G 20. B【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。在很多父母眼里，對于孩子的未來而言，擁有一家企業(yè)是比一紙畢業(yè)文憑更好的選擇。 因此，一些家長出錢幫孩子創(chuàng)業(yè)，為老有所依。 【16題詳解】下一句提到“實(shí)際上，讓孩子經(jīng)商無疑是對這種承諾的一大考臉。”承接下文，E選項(xiàng)“父母常說他們愿意 為自己的孩子做任何事。”切題。選項(xiàng)中的do anything for thei r chi Idren與下文的that bond對應(yīng)。 故選E?！?7題詳解】前文提到“這可能是有風(fēng)險的：小生意失敗很常見，父母們可能會失去全部的投資、一輩子的積蓄，甚至 更多。他們還可能會與現(xiàn)階段打算獨(dú)

60、立的剛成年的孩子變得關(guān)系緊張?！背薪由衔模珻選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)的組織籌 劃對年輕人來說也可能很有壓力。”切題。故選C。【18題詳解】下文提到“有位母親給兒子買了一家快餐特許加盟店，小店破產(chǎn)后，損失了 25萬美元。還有一個例子，一 對家長為女兒買了一家咖啡店，結(jié)果損失了 35萬美元。承接下文，D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)啟動成本非常高，而且風(fēng) 險大”切題。故選D?！?9題詳解】下文提到馬文希墨爾說，作為一名家長，你能收到的最好禮物就是看著自己的孩子快樂成功，有謀生 的能力?！背薪酉挛?，G選項(xiàng)“對一些家長來說，潛在的回報看起來值得冒這些風(fēng)險?！鼻蓄}。故選G?！?0題詳解】下文提到一些人把它作為一筆貸款和延期還款。還有人在