中考英語專題講練：說明文(解析版)

1、中考英語專題講練：說明文（解析版）6 / 13第 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文（解析版）6 / 13第 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文（解析版） /13第1頁總知識精講一、寫作概述說明文是一種很常見的文體，同學(xué)們在語文中也有說明文閱讀，所以我們對它并不陌 生。而初中階段的說明文寫作主要是讓學(xué)生將活動、人物或地點進行描述，目的在于考查 學(xué)生將表格或給出的信息轉(zhuǎn)化為文段的能力。說明文類書面表達想得高分，必須做到以下 幾點：.內(nèi)容要豐富。寫作中要涵蓋命題的所有要點，內(nèi)容充實。不能只把所給要點進行簡單的翻譯，要根 據(jù)需要進行適當(dāng)?shù)耐卣埂?句式要有適當(dāng)變化。使用較為復(fù)雜的句式，且有一定的變化，長短結(jié)合，能使文

2、章讀起來錯落有致，不會 太乏味呆板。同時句式多樣性在任何寫作任務(wù)中都能彰顯考生語言運用的能力，所以很重 要。.使用必要的過渡詞。行文連貫通暢是給考官的第一感受，適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞，連詞或短語可以讓文章讀起來更 順暢，且結(jié)構(gòu)層次也會清晰起來，這些都是高分作文的必要因素。二、必備句型We have many places of history interest here. You can visit我們這里有很多歷史名勝。你可以參觀It is quite clear that十分清楚的是There are some reasons for關(guān)于有一些理由。A recent survey suggests

3、that最近的一項調(diào)查顯示My school lies in the south-east of our city.我的學(xué)校坐落在我們城市的東南部。It s 400 meters long/ wide/ high.它有四百米長/寬/高。The ruler is as long as that one.這把尺子和那把一樣長。It s made of/ from wood.它是由木材做成的。人送三點剖析一、重難點高分突破方法（四）通讀全文，排查錯誤作文寫好后，要有檢查，排錯的過程。和中文作文一樣，英語作文也需要反復(fù)閱讀修 改，潤色。我們在寫完文章后，首先要根據(jù)題目要求進行檢查和修改。在保證文章緊扣

4、題 目不跑題的情況下，進一步調(diào)整和潤色，使文章表達準確，句子流暢，結(jié)構(gòu)分明。這就是 為什么我們要求學(xué)生一定動筆寫作文，而且有修改環(huán)節(jié)的原因。一般我們按照詞，句，段，篇的順序進行作文的錯誤排查，主要檢查詞的選用是否得 當(dāng)，單復(fù)數(shù)問題；句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否正確，時態(tài)是否一致；段落整體結(jié)構(gòu)是否嚴 謹，段與段之間是否有自然的過渡；整篇文章的是否符合題目要求，能否清晰看出文章結(jié) 構(gòu)等。二、萬能模版.景點參觀（事物）is/ lies（地理位置 ）.It has/ is （特征）.There are many places of interest here, for example, （景點介紹）.The

5、re are also many（人們的活動、風(fēng)俗等 ）.I hope/ think（看法或感受 ）.問題或現(xiàn)象The table above shows that（說明問題或現(xiàn)象）.）.（數(shù)據(jù)）percent（現(xiàn)象一）.（數(shù)據(jù)） percent（現(xiàn)象二）.（數(shù)據(jù)）percent（現(xiàn)象 三）.In my opinion（自 己的觀點或感受人原題模精選題模一：造句練習(xí) 例1.1.1判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。In all that afternoon, I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.例1.1.2判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。I

6、go to the park tomorrow.例1.1.3判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。Those who eat too much will easily ill.題模二：書面表達例1.2.1假設(shè)下面是你校的校園示意圖，請你根據(jù)示意圖及說明用英語寫一篇80詞左右的短文。短文首句已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。文中不得提及真實的校名和姓名。說明：1.老師辦公室在教學(xué)樓二樓；.校園四周都是樹。參考詞匯： 示意圖 diagramThisisadiagramofourschool.隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。The old man likes take a walk in the v

7、illage after supper.隨練1.2判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。It s very honest with you to tell us the truth.隨練1.3判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。 After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.1.4Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.隨練1.5判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.1.6e-mailTom交

8、流校紀班規(guī)，請你用英語向他介紹下面的“班級公約”。要求：.內(nèi)容完整，書寫清楚，表達通順，書寫規(guī)范；.請勿逐字翻譯，詞數(shù)80左右，不包含已給出的句子的詞數(shù)。參考詞匯： school uniform; be active in thinking Dear Tom,I d like to introduce my class rules made by us all. First, we shouldIt s our duty to follow all the rules above. What about yours? Please write soon.Yours,Li Jie隨練1.7你校將

9、開設(shè)一些特色課程，學(xué)生可根據(jù)興趣進行選擇。請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示為學(xué) 校英文網(wǎng)頁寫一篇短文，介紹這些課程、提出你建議增設(shè)的課程并說明理由。Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest.人迨自我總結(jié).Q念課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1判斷下列句子存在什么問題并改正。Listen! Someone knocking at the door.中考英語專題講練：說明文（解析版）6 / 13第 #頁中考英語專題講練：說明文（解析版）6 / 13第 頁( 解析版 )5 / 13 第 頁作業(yè)

10、2 He told me don t call him before 9 o clock.作業(yè) 3 Do your parents allow you make your own decision?作業(yè) 4 Three days after he died.作業(yè) 5 A friend of me came to see me yesterday.作業(yè) 6 They have married for two years.作業(yè) 7 Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the confer

11、ence.作業(yè) 8 I don t know if they will come, but if they will come, please show them the way to my house.作業(yè) 9 你的好朋友Alex 來你家玩，看到你的筆記本電腦感到非常好奇。請根據(jù)以下提示介紹一下這臺電腦。提示： 1. 這是你父母送給你的生日禮物；這臺白色筆記本為 13.3 英寸它運行速度很快，可以存儲照片、音樂、電影等資料；可以用來上網(wǎng)搜索資料、聽音樂、玩游戲等。參考詞匯： notebook computer; birthday present; 13.3 inches; run fast;

12、 store lots of information; surf the Internet要求： 1. 語句通順，意思連貫，無語法錯誤；短文需包括所有提示內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮， 70 詞左右。作業(yè) 10 我們生活的環(huán)境越來越惡劣，每個人都應(yīng)該從自身做起，從小事做起，盡我們最大的努力保護環(huán)境。請根據(jù)下面的提示，寫一篇80 詞左右的短文，描述你是如何在日常生活中保護環(huán)境的。 (短文開頭與結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù))要點提示：. recycle newspapers and cans. go to school on foot or by bike. pick up the rubbish on the

13、street. use a cloth bag for shopping. turn off the light when you leaveHow to protect our environment in our daily lifeOur environment is becoming worse and worse. Everyone shouldOur environment will become better if everyone takes action.答案解析隹題模精選題模一：造句練習(xí)例 1.1.1【答案】All that afternoon, I jumped and

14、sang and did all kinds of things.【解析】考查介詞的使用。時間狀語前有“ that”時，不加介詞in。例 1.1.2【答案】I will go to the park tomorrow.【解析】考查時態(tài)。句子中有明顯將來時時間狀語tomorrow ,要用將來時，動詞前加will。例 1.1.3【答案】Those who eat too much will easily get/ fall ill.【解析】考查句子完整性。本句中缺少動詞，不夠完整，所以需要添加一個動詞。題模二：書面表達例 1.2.1【答案】This is a diagram of our scho

15、ol. It is four hundred meters long and two hundredmeters wide. The school gate faces (the) south. Our teaching building stands in the middle of our school. The teachers offices are on the second floor. There is a garden in front of the teaching building. Left of the garden is our library and our lab

16、 is on the right of the garden. There is a large playground behind the teaching building. Many trees are planted around the school.中考英語專題講練：說明文 ( 解析版 )12 / 13 第 # 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文 ( 解析版 )12 / 13 第 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文(解析版)7 / 13第 頁Welcome to visit my school.【解析】一、審題本文為典型地點說明文，要求介紹學(xué)校的建筑。這類寫地點的說明文很多，比如描述一個名 勝古跡

17、，說一說你最喜歡的一個地方等。地點說明文要按照一定的順序，如從內(nèi)向外， 從前到后等。題目中包含了一張平面圖，所以作文中要包含全部圖片信息。時態(tài)通篇一般現(xiàn)在時， 可以用there be句型，倒裝句等。二、寫作亮點.重點短語. in the middle of 在中間. in front of 在前面. on the right of 在右邊.高級句型. The teachers offices are on the second floor.教師辦公室在二樓。. There is a large playground behind the teaching building.教學(xué)樓后面有一個大操

18、場。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】 The old man likes taking a walk in the village after supper.【解析】考查動詞搭配。like doing sth.喜歡做某事，表示一種習(xí)慣或愛好。隨練1.2【答案】 It s very honest of you to tell us the truth.【解析】考查固定句型。it s very容詞of sb. to do sth.”意為“你能做某事真是太”。隨練1.3【答案】 After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall.【解析】 考查非謂語動詞。

19、此處after 后沒有跟句子，所以不是連詞，而是一個介詞，介詞后用動名詞。隨練 1.4【答案】 Please speak louder so that everybody can hear you.【解析】 考查動詞及物性。 listen 為不及物動詞，不能直接跟賓語，而且只是強調(diào)聽的動作。而語境中是聽到你，強調(diào)結(jié)果，所以用及物動詞hear 。隨練 1.5【答案】 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.【解析】 考查動詞及物性。 “ take place 發(fā)生”為不及物動詞，沒有被動，所以要把被動改為主動形式。隨練 1.6【答案】【解析】一

20、、審題根據(jù)題意，這篇作文要求我們寫的是班級公約，比較正式，寫作時不必逐字翻譯，但圖片上出現(xiàn)的班規(guī)一定要都寫全， 否則視為丟點。 寫作過程中可以適度發(fā)揮， 語言表達要符合英語習(xí)慣，用恰當(dāng)、準確的詞和句子表達自己的意思。為保證行文流暢，層次分明，書寫是可以加入first, second等連接詞。最后，對于規(guī)則的描述，我們通篇用一般現(xiàn)在時。二、寫作思維公約 1： We should arrive say hello to 公約 2： listen to the teachers homework 公約 3: keep the classroom turn off 公約 4： - get along

21、well with help each other 三、寫作亮點重點短語. be active in 積極. hand in 上交. on time 按時中考英語專題講練：說明文(解析版)10 / 13 第 # 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文(解析版)10 / 13 第 頁（ 解析版 ）13 / 13 第 頁. turn off 關(guān)上. make progress 取得進步高級句型. It s polite to greet our teachers when we meet them.見到老師問好是有禮貌的。. Fourth, being friendly is quite important.

22、第四，友好很重要。. We re supposed to get along well with and help each other to make progress together.我們應(yīng)該友好相處并互相幫助，共同取得進步。隨練 1.7【答案】 Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. These courses will help students relax themselves after school. There are many co

23、urses for them to choose, such as English drama, football, or model making. Here is more information.If you want to improve your oral English, English drama may be the first choice. It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills. If you are interested in football,

24、take the football course. It is good for your physical health. Besides, you can learn more about teamwork. What about model making? You will be amazed by the science world and become interested in it.For my part, a painting course can be added, because students like drawing so much. I hope these cou

25、rses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school life here!【解析】 一、審題這篇作文是要求介紹學(xué)校特色課程的說明文， 說說這些課程的特點和好處， 由于是對事實的描述， 通篇一般現(xiàn)在時。 根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容提示， 我們需要先介紹一下圖中涉及的三個特色課程，然后給出我們的建議，此處自由發(fā)揮，開放性強，烹飪，化妝，園林，養(yǎng)殖等都可以的?？梢杂?I suggest/ think 等詞引出自己的觀點。最后一段可以寫自己的希望和號召，增加文章的 鮮活力。二、寫作思維介紹課程：If you y

26、ou can take lesson which is / is a good choice if you are interested inbecause我的建議： For my part/ In my point of view, we should have提出祝愿：I hope everyone can 三、寫作亮點.重點短語. be interested in 對感興趣. be good for 對有好處.高級句型. It is a good chance to practice not only oral English but also performing skills.不但對

27、練習(xí)英語口語是一個好機會，而且對提升表演技能也是一個好機會。. What about model making? 模型制作怎么樣 ？ 1度課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1【答案】Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.【解析】考查進行時態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進行時結(jié)構(gòu)為“ be+doing”,句中缺少be動詞。作業(yè)2【答案】He told me not to call him before 9 o clock.【解析】考查動詞固定搭配。ask sb. not to do sth.讓某人不要做某事。作業(yè)3【答案】Do your parents allow you to make your

28、 own decision?【解析】考查動詞固定搭配。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事。作業(yè)4after提至U【答案】After three days, he died.【解析】考查時間狀語搭配。本句要表達的意思是：三天后，他死了。所以講時間前面。作業(yè)5【答案】A. friend of mine came to see me yesterday.（ 解析版 ）13 / 13 第 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文 ( 解析版 )12 / 13 第 頁中考英語專題講練：說明文 （ 解析版 ）11 / 13 第 頁【解析】 考查雙重所有格。我的一個朋友： a friend of mi

29、ne 。作業(yè) 6【答案】 They have been married for two years.【解析】 考查動詞的選擇。 本句想表達他們結(jié)婚兩年了。 marry 是瞬間動詞， 而 be married 才表示已婚的狀態(tài)。作業(yè) 7【答案】 Because the professor had fallen ill he was not able to be present at the conference.【解析】 考查因果連詞。表因果關(guān)系時，與中文不同，只能使用一個連詞，所以要刪除 because 和 so 中的一個。作業(yè) 8【答案】 I don t know if they will

30、come, but if they come, please show them the way to my house.【解析】 考查從句時態(tài)。 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以刪除 if 條件句中的 will 。作業(yè) 9【答案】 My Notebook ComputerMy parents gave me the notebook as a birthday present. It has a 13.3-inch screen and it is my favorite color, white. It runs fast and can store lots of

31、 information, such as photos, music and movie. I often surf the Internet on the computer and I can get some useful information about my subjects. Sometimes I listen to music or watch movies on it. With the help of the computer, I have learned lots of knowledge about computers, and my life has become

32、 more interesting.【解析】 一、審題本篇作文是一篇典型介紹具體事物的說明文， 是說明文中最簡明的一種形式。 本文要求我們 介紹的是一臺筆記本電腦， 開頭部分參考的是提示的第一點， 介紹這臺電腦是父母送給我的生日禮物； 第二部分參考提示第二點到第四點， 即對筆記本電腦進行闡述說明； 最后一部分進行總結(jié)， 說明這臺電腦給我的生活帶來很多樂趣。 全篇大多數(shù)都是對筆記本電腦的客觀描 述，所以時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。二、寫作思維. 開門見山： My parents gave me the notebook as a birthday present.詳細介紹：It has It runs

33、 I often I can .篇尾總、結(jié): With the help of the computer,三、寫作亮點重點短語. give sb. sth. 給某人某物. lots of 許多高級句型With the help of the computer, I have learned lots of knowledge about computers, and my life has become more interesting.在這臺電腦的幫助下，我已經(jīng)學(xué)到了很多有關(guān)電腦的知識，而且我的生活也變得更有趣了。作業(yè) 10【答案】 How to protect our environment in our daily lifeOur environment is becoming worse and worse. Everyone should try his or her best to protect it. I always do the following things in my daily life to protect the environment.I usually recycle newspapers and cans rather than throwing them away. Besides,