人教選擇性必修第四冊 Unit 3 核心素養(yǎng)提能練

1、核心素養(yǎng)提能練【“閱讀理解+完形填空”組合練I閱讀理解“In1492Columbussailedtheoceanblueishowthechildrensnurseryrhymebegins.However,morethan90yearsbeforetheNina,thePintaandtheSantaMaria,ahugefleetofshipssetsailfromNanjing.Itwasthefirstofaseriesofvoyagesthatwould,forabriefperiod,establishChinaastheleadingpoweroftheage.Thevoyage

2、wasledbyZhengHe.Infact,somepeoplethinkhewastheoriginalmodelforthelegendarySinbadtheSailor.In1371,ZhengHewasborninwhatisnowYunnanProvincetoMuslimparents,whonamedhimMaSanbao.Whenhewas11yearsold,hewascastratedandmadetoserveasaeunuch（宦官）intheimperialhousehold.MabefriendedaprincewholaterbecametheYongLeEm

3、peror,oneoftheMingDynastysmostdistinguished.Brave,strong,intelligentandtotallyloyal,Mawonthetrustoftheprincewhogavehimanewname.YongLewasanambitiousemperorwhobelievedthatChinasgreatnesswouldbeincreasedwithan“opendoorpolicyregardinginternationaltradeanddiplomacy.In1405,heorderedChineseshipstosailtothe

4、IndianOcean,andputZhengHeinchargeofthevoyage.Zhengwentontoleadsevenexpeditionsin28years,visitingmorethan40countries.Zhengsfleethadmorethan300shipsand30,000sailors.Thelargestvessels,133meterlong“treasureships,haduptoninemastsandcouldcarryathousandpeople.AlongwithaHanandMuslimcrew,Zhengopeneduptradero

5、utesinAfrica,India,andSoutheastAsia.ThevoyageshelpedexpandforeigninterestinChinesegoodssuchassilkandchina.Inaddition,ZhengHebroughtforeignitemsbacktoChina,includingthefirstgiraffeeverseenthere.Atthesametime,thefleetsobviousstrengthmeantthattheEmperorofChinacommandedrespectandinspiredfearalloverAsia.

6、ThoughZhengHediedin1433andwasprobablyburiedatsea,agraveandsmallmonumenttohimstillexistinJiangsuProvince.ThreeyearsafterZhengHesdeath,anewemperorbannedtheconstructionofoceangoingships,andChinasbrieferaofnavalexpansionwasover.Chinesepolicyturnedinward,leavingtheseasclearfortherisingnationsofEurope.Opi

7、nionsvaryonwhythishappened.RecordsofZhengHesincrediblevoyageswereburned.Notuntiltheearly20thcenturydidanotherfleetofcomparablesizetaketotheseas.語篇解讀本文為記敘文，講述了中國明朝鄭和于公元1405年率領龐大的船隊遠航西洋的故事c1.WhydidZhengHesailtotheocean?AZhengHebefriendedtheYongLeEmperorandwonhistrust.BTheemperortriedtoincreaseChinasgr

8、eatnessbyan“opendoor”policy.CThevoyageshelpedexpandforeigninterestinChinesegoods.DZhengHewantedtopromotecultureandreligiousvisitswithforeigncountries.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句可知，永樂皇帝相信通過國際貿(mào)易及外交上的“門戶開放”政策，中國會在世界上享有更高的聲望。C項是遠航的結(jié)果，不是原因，故選B項。2WhatsthesignificanceofZhengHessevenvoyages?ATheyestablishedChinaa

9、stheleadingpowerfromthenon.BTheyspreaddiplomacy，establishedtraderoutesandreturnedwithtreasureandforeignitemsneverseenbeforeinChina.CTheyprovidedpathwaysforreligiouscommunicationbetweenHanandMuslimcrew.DTheyspeededuptheprocessofimperialreformofMingDynasty.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，鄭和的七次航海傳播了外交政策，開拓了貿(mào)易路線，同時收獲

10、了財富和外國的珍奇寶物，故選B項。根據(jù)第一段可知，這一連串的海上航行只是在短時間內(nèi)為中國確立了大國的領先地位，故排除A項。3AfterthedeathofZhengHe，whydidMingDynastystopoceangoingvoyage?ABecausethesuccessiveemperorbannedtheconstructionofoceangoingships.BBecausethepeopleofMingDynastyfeareddoingbusinesswithotherrisingnationsofEurope.CBecausetheimperialpolicyturne

11、dinward.DNoreasonhadbeenassignedinthispassage.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，鄭和死后，明朝停止了遠洋航行，中國的政策為何會發(fā)生這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變，一直眾說紛紜，文章也沒有進一步講明，故選D項。II完形填空Onewinternineyearsago，IvolunteeredatahomelessshelterinLosAngeles，preparingmeals1people.ThereImetAlbert,whosaidhelikedmy2.“Wanttoseemine?heasked,liftinghis3.Hewasbarefoot.Hesa

12、idhehadalwaysbeenhopingtogetapair.Ifelta4_feelinginmystomach.Thenextday,Iboughtsocksabout$1005.At5oclockthatnextmorning,Idrovetothelocalpark,acommondestinationfor6people.Itwasstill7out.Itookoutthesocksand8agroupofmen,standingaroundatree,9withcold.WhenIhandedeachofthemapairofsocks,theylookedconfusedf

13、irst,questioningmymotives,10tookthem.Anhourlater,I11allthesocks.MostpeopleweresleepingfeltlikeSanta.Whentheywouldwakeup,theywouldfindaverymeaningful12.EveryweekIllhandoutmanysocks.IfImawayfor13aweek,Illbringsockswithmeandhandthemouttothehomelessinotherstates.Inthepastyears,itsbecomemy14.Itsaddictive

14、,Isuppose.PartofmehopestoseeAlbertoutthere,but15Idont,Idliketothinkoneofthepairswillfindhim.語篇解讀本文講述了在某次志愿者活動中，作者和一位受助者的偶然對話讓作者堅持做了九年的好事并且還將繼續(xù)下去：給無家可歸的人贈送襪子。1A.forBwithCtoDat答案A解析此處指作者為無家可歸的人準備食物。prepare意為“準備”，常與for搭配。故選A。2A.carBmealsCsocksDhelp答案C解析根據(jù)下文多次提到的“socks”可知，此處指的應是襪子。故選C。3A.legBarmChandDhe

15、ad答案A解析根據(jù)下文可知，艾伯特是光著腳的，故此處表達的應該是抬起腿（給我看）”。故選A。4A.magicalBsinkingCcomfortingDsurprising答案B解析根據(jù)語境可知，聽到艾伯特所說的話，作者的心情應該是沉重的，也因此才有了之后的善舉。magical神奇的，有魔力的；sinking沮喪的；comforting令人感到安慰的；surprising令人驚奇的。故選B。5A.moneyBworthCvalueDworthy答案B解析此處表達的是作者買了價值約100美元的襪子。worth意為“值的（形容詞），價值（名詞）”。故選B。6A.mercilessBsleeples

16、sC.morethanD.ratherthanC.joblessD.homeless答案D解析merciless毫不憐憫的，無情的；sleepless失眠的；jobless失業(yè)的；homeless無家可歸的。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應指作者去給那些在公園里過夜的無家可歸的人送襪子。故選DoA.darkB.rainyC.quietD.windy答案A解析上文說到作者早上五點出發(fā)，此時天應該還是黑的。故選AoA.signaledtoB.shoutedatC.headedforD.wavedat答案C解析signalto朝發(fā)信號；shoutat朝喊叫；headfor朝走去；waveat朝揮手。此處應指作

17、者朝一群無家可歸的人走過去（分發(fā)襪子）。故選CoA.tremblingB.smilingC.jumpingD.sleeping答案A解析根據(jù)空格后的“withcold”可知，他們圍著樹站著，瑟瑟發(fā)抖。故選AoA.andB.becauseC.soD.but答案D解析由上文中的“theylookedconfused”及后文中的“tookthem”可知，“他們懷疑作者的動機”與“他們還是拿走了襪子”之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選DoA.tookoffB.tookoutC.gaveoffD.gaveout答案D解析takeoff起飛，脫下；takeout拿出，取出，去掉；giveoff發(fā)出（光等），放出（氣味等

18、）；giveout分發(fā)。此處指作者分發(fā)完了所有的襪子。故選DoA.meatB.presentC.actD.kindness答案B解析由語境可知，作者一大早就給流浪漢分發(fā)襪子，對他們來說，這就像圣誕老人的禮物一樣，別具意義。故選BoA.lessthanB.otherthan答案C解析此處應指如果作者離開超過一周，他就會給其他州或其他國家的流浪者發(fā)襪子，從而和上句“EveryweekI11handoutmanysocks.相呼應。lessthan少于；otherthan除了；morethan超過；ratherthan而不是。故選C。A.habitB.taskC.pasttimeD.entertai

19、nment答案A解析habit習慣；task任務；pasttime消遣方式；entertainment娛樂。根據(jù)下文“addictive可知，此處指給流浪者送襪子已經(jīng)成了作者的一個習慣。故選A。A.unlessB.untilC.evenifD.asif答案C解析此句表達的意思是“我希望有一天能在我?guī)椭娜死锩婵吹桨?，但即使我沒看到他”。evenif意為“即使”，符合語境。故選C。r主觀題規(guī)范練】III語法填空Overthepastdecade,Hangzhougovernment1.(improve)bikefriendlyinfrastructure,suchaslanesandtraf

20、ficsignals2.(create)forcyclists.InHangzhou,asmartcardallowsusersto3.(easy)accessallformsofpublictransport#.bikestobuses.ApartfromleadingtheChinesecyclingresurgence,Hangzhouisalsohometoaninnovativewaytoencouragemore5.(sustain)lifestyles,withanapp6.ishelpingtostopdesertification,cutairpollutionandplan

21、tmillionsofnewtrees.The“AntForestminiprogram,aHangzhoubasedprojectfromgiantChinesepaymentsandlifestyleappAlipay,encouragesuserstomakesmall,environmentallyfriendly7.(decide)intheirdailylives,suchascyclingrather8.drivingtowork,orrecyclingclothes.Ifusersperformanycarbonreducingactivities,they9.(reward)

22、with“greenenergypoints.Iftheyaccumulateenoughvirtualpoints,10.realtreewillbeplanted.AccordingtoAntFinancial,morethan100milliontreeshavebeenplanted,thankstothelowcarbonactionsof500millionindividuals,roughly5%oftheworldspopulation.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了杭州的創(chuàng)新的、可持續(xù)的生活方式。1.答案hasimproved/hasbeenimproving解析考查時

23、態(tài)。分析句子可知，空中缺少謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語“Overthepastdecade可知，后面用完成時，這里可以表示目前的結(jié)果，也可以表示還將繼續(xù)進行下去的動作，因此可以用現(xiàn)在完成時也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，故填hasimproved/hasbeenimproving02答案created解析考查過去分詞?？罩械脑~修飾“l(fā)anesandtrafficsignals”且作后置定語，并同它修飾的詞之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞，故填createdo3答案easily解析考查副詞?？罩械脑~修飾動詞access，應用副詞形式，故填easilyo4答案from解析考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，這里為固定搭配from.

24、to.，故填from。5答案sustainable解析考查形容詞?？罩械脑~修飾名詞lifestyles，應用形容詞形式，故填sustainableo6答案that/which解析考查定語從句的關系詞。分析句子可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞app并在從句中作主語，所以關系代詞為that/which。故填that/which。7答案decisions解析考查名詞。makedecisions做決定，故填decisionso8答案than解析考查固定搭配。這里為固定搭配ratherthan，意為“而不是”，故填than。9答案willberewarded解析考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句為if引導的條

25、件狀語從句，從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時，因此主句用將來時，主語和謂語之間為被動關系，所以應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，故填willberewarded。10答案a解析考查冠詞?？罩械脑~修飾tree，為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，意為“一棵真樹”，且real首字母的發(fā)音為輔音音素，故填a。W.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwastimetogohome.“Remembertoworkonyourclassspeechesforhomework，”MissWalkercalled，aseveryonestartedtalkingandpackingtheirschoo

26、lbags.Jennyfeltsick.Shehatedhavingtoreadaloudinclass.Shewassureeveryonegotreallyboredlisteningtoher.Once，whenJennywasreadingoutherholidaydiary，Leewasevenlookingathiswatch，asilverandblueonewhichseemedjustmagical.JennywatchedLeewalkaheadofherastheyleftschool.Heseemedsoclever，andhehadacertainsortofshin

27、ingconfidence.Hewasjustoneofthosepeoplewhoweregoodateverything.Jennysighed.Assheturnedthecorner，shesawLeeswatchlyingrightinthemiddleofthepath.Jennyknewsheshouldjustpickitupandreturnittohim,butshedidntwanttorunafterhim.Jennybentdownquickly,pickedupthewatchandranhome.Onarrivinghome,Jennyputitonalmostw

28、ithoutthinking.Shewassurpriseditfittedsowell.Shewalkedtothemirrorandstartedpracticingherspeech.Wordsjustfloodedoutofher.“Imgoingtotalkaboutswimming.Ihavebeenlucky.Ivewonlotsofcompetitions.ButwhenIminarace,Imnotreallythinkingaboutwinning.Imjustlovingthefeelingofbeinginthewater.Jennylaughedwithexcitem

29、ent.Shewalkedacrosstheroom.Shesuddenlyseemedtohaveacertainsortofconfidence.Turningbacktothemirror,Jennysawaflashoflightfromthewatchintheglass.Theflashesofsilverseemedalmostmagical.SomaybeLeeswatchreallyDIDhavesomethingmagic.Thenextday,asthelessonbegan,MissWalkeraskedwhowasgoingtobebraveandgofirst.No

30、bodymoved.Jennyslowlyraisedherarm.BeforeMissWalkercouldsayanythingtherewasashoutfrombehind.“Shesstolenmywatch!Leesaidangrily，“Itwentmissingatschoolyesterday.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。EverybodywasfixingtheireyesonJenny,waitingforanexplanation.Atthatmoment,MissWalkersmiledandaskedtheclasstolistentoJennysspeechfi

31、rst.、故事梗概二、情節(jié)推斷人物關系或情節(jié)發(fā)展的常見模式通常是：1.主角遇到困難（矛盾開始）；2輔助角色起激勵、引領或幫助作用（化解矛盾）；3.主角得到成長和蛻變（結(jié)尾升華）。所以，根據(jù)文章最后一句話以及提示句“EverybodywasfixingtheireyesonJenny，waitingforanexplanation.”可以推測，第一段應該說的是：Jenny被質(zhì)疑偷走手表（矛盾開始），然后MissWalker及時解圍（化解矛盾）。根據(jù)第二段的提示句“Atthatmoment，MissWalkersmiledandaskedtheclasstolistentoJennysspeechfirst.”可以推知，最后Jenny成功地演講并了解了自信的秘密（結(jié)尾升華）。續(xù)寫兩段的四要素如下：Paragraph1Paragraph2時間：Thenextday，asthelessonbegan地點：intheclassroom人物：Jenny；MissWalker；Lee；alltheotherstudents事件：JennyreturnedthewatchandapologizedtoLe