中英文文獻翻譯-汽車電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述

1、 附 錄 A 外文文獻Overview ofDevelopment on Vehicle EPS SystemAbstractThe currentdevelopment of an electric power steering(EPS) system in anautomobile is explicated. The structure, types and characteristics of electric powersteering system are introduced. The modeling technologies for electric power steeri

2、ngsystem and control strategies are analyzed and compared. The development trend ofelectric power steering system in an automobile is also discussed. It is pointed that theelectric power steering technology is one orientation ofpower steering technologies inthe future, and whichwill occupy a predomi

3、nantposition in power steering field.Key words:Automobile; Electric power steering system; Development trend1 EPS system types and characteristics1.1 EPS system classificationThe early development of EPS system is low in steering type car。Present 4 typesof EPS system are based on rack-and pinion ste

4、ering system ,The installation positionaccording to power motors can be divided into different:Type booster steering、Smallgear power type、Double small gear power type and Rack power type。The steeringthe instrumentality of motor power type EPS installed in the steering,Motor powertorque through incre

5、ased after worm worm gear deceleration in the steering directlyadded twist。Its advantage is motor can be installed in any position hacking ,Relativeto other several types minimum cost ;The drawback to motor torque ripple effects ofdriver feel bigger。The drawback to motor torque ripple effects of dri

6、ver feelbigger,The instrumentality of torque motor added in small gear axle directly。Advantage: rigid, steering road to feel strong。Double pinion steering rack boosts typeEPS are installed on two small gear, A small gear and steering plate connected,power motors through another pinion and rack meshi

7、ng, provide power for rack.Advantage: can provide relatively large pow.1.2 EPS system merit EPS system and the traditional hydraulic power steering system has thefollowing advantages compared（1)EPS in various riding condition can provides the best efforts 。In the car orparking at Treasury and low-sp

8、eed steering provide enough power for the driver ，Inhigh-speed steering made drivers have good road feeling，And reduce caused bypavement of rough disturbance of steering system ， Improving auto steeringcharacteristics。（2）Improve the car fuel economy，Urban conditions can improve fuel economy.(3) the

9、average 5%, saving fuel 3. EPS system only when the vehicle steering onlyprovide power, Unlike traditional hydraulic power steering system even in dontturn,Pumps have been running.（3）EPS system structure is compact, parts, convenient in installation andsmaller number to assemble, enhanced the labor

10、productivity due to tell the packed inengine pulleys and oil pump, set aside of the space can be used to install other parts ofFIAT Punto production company adopted DELPHI company developed the electricpower steering system, loading time reduced around 80 percent.（4）EPS system cancelled hydraulic lo

11、op, there is no oil leakage and oil leakageproblem, reduce the pollution to the environment, and save a lot of steering oil.（5）EPS system has the function of self diagnosis, convenient in maintenanceand maintenance.（ 6 ） EPS system has good low temperature performance, even in 40environment, EPS sys

12、tem also can work very well, has higher reliability and safety.（7） EPS systems biggest advantage is the performance of the whole systemcan not changing the system structure of the cases, by changing the system controlstrategy of programming realize, in order to meet different models and differentdri

13、ving feel the need, greatly reduced the development cost and improve theefficiency of development.2 EPS System Key ComponentsEPS system key components Angle sensor are mainly torque sensor speed preach2.1 Corner Sorque Sensor Sensors for real-time detection of steering Angle rotation direction and s

14、teeringdisk disk position，The torque sensor for real-time detection steering dish torque size，And will signal transmission to EPS system of electronic control unit (ECU)。Cornerthe torque sensor precision problem decided the electric power steering systemperformance and reliability ，Accelerate develo

15、pment research performance reliable,low-cost corner torque sensor is very important， he cost of the sensor is restricted byTthe electric power steering system one of the main factors market.2.2 Speed SensorThe wheel speed sensors used to measure the size of the average speed speedsensor using electr

16、omagnetic induction sensor installation on the sensor in gearboxaccording to the change, the main speed pulse vice two system signals to ECU,because this was two system, therefore the signal reliability improved2.3 Power MotorsPower motors is EPS system actuators, and help motor characteristics dire

17、ctlyaffect the EPS system to control the ease or drivers handle EPS system for powermotors are basic requirements of the high reliability should be, big power, low noiseand vibration, low friction torque, small volume and weight; Can turn in blockingnext output torque; good mechanical properties, in

18、 the process of operation, as far aspossible to small torque ripple; The small inertia should as far as possible; Should beable to fast reverse current EPS system the instrumentality of permanent magnet dcmotor are usually motive brushless dc motor and switched reluctance motor dc havebrush motor ma

19、ture technology, controller, low cost, but simple existing wear easilypower dense brush Spark, need not often maintenance and high efficiency and powerdensity under。Therefore, suitable for the development of the EPS systems used lowcost high power density of brushless dc motor is the future research

20、 direction ofelectric motor booster.2.4 Reducing GearIts and motor is linked together, up slow increase twist of the decelerationagencies role EPS system often adopted worm and worm wheel mechanismcirculating ball screw nut planetary gear agencies to ensure that EPS system only in a predetermined sp

21、eed range role, some EPS system also with clutch when speed up toa certain value, clutch, motor stopped working, steering system.2.5 Electric Power SteeringElectronic control unit (ECU) function is based on steering Angle torque andspeed of the disk, logical analysis and signal, issue commands to ca

22、lculate, control theaction in addition, boosts motor has a safety protection and self ECU diagnosefunction ECU through gather current generator voltage engine conditions signal judgeits system working condition is normal, once.3 EPS System Research Situation3. 1 EPS System Development SituationEPS s

23、ystem was first by Japanese suzuki motor company in 1988 Februarydevelopment, Cervo small cars in the equipment installed in the Alto, then in 1993,Honda motor company is the worlds first put EPS as standard equipmentconfiguration in advanced sports car AcuraNSX, Japan automobile manufacturersthen t

24、he Mira and mitsubishis wrath Minica correspondingly installed EPS systemsince then, electric power to turn Booster motor,The two companies are about 70%models adopted the steering power type EPS starting and GM chose TRW companyoffers of a transitional technology, including electric hydraulic steer

25、ingtechnology,Volkswagen is in its PQ35 was used on the platform of the complex ZFprovide double small gear power type EPS.In a foreign country, EPS system application range is from original mini oncommercial to limousines MPV, booster forms from low speed range booster type tofull speed range boost

26、er type direction.At present domestic to EPS system research, mainly on the hacking power typewith mini car carry EPS system on EPS of university basically has: study of tsinghuauniversity, Beijing university of science and technology, huazhong university ofscience and technology university in Beiji

27、ng university of tianjin university of hefeitechnical university of jiangsu automobile industry of hubei province, wuhanuniversity of technology, college guangzhou Honda flying across SiDi, changheplough is the earliest equipment models, EPS EPS system makes these cars becamethe highlight of partici

28、pates in the market competition. 4 ConclusionEPS systems involve the sensor technology microelectronics control moderncontrol theory and the traditional mechanical design, EPS to represent the future carpower steering technology development direction, will serve as a standard accessoriesone of the b

29、us, and equipment in power steering field is the dominant so EPS is verywide application prospect, our country is necessary to increase investment on researchand development. 附 錄 B 中文譯文汽車電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述摘要綜述了國內外汽車電動助力轉向(EPS)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,介紹了電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)的結構、類型及其特點。分析對比了國內外電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)建模及控制策略,展望了電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢,指出電動助力轉向技

30、術代表未來汽車動力轉向技術的發(fā)展方向之一,并將在動力轉向領域占據(jù)主導地位。關鍵詞:汽車;電動助力轉向系統(tǒng);發(fā)展趨勢1 EPS 系統(tǒng)的類型與特點1. 1 EPS系統(tǒng)的分類早期開發(fā)的EPS系統(tǒng)都是低速、駐車轉向助力型。目前現(xiàn)有的4種類型的EPS系統(tǒng)都是基于齒輪齒條轉向系統(tǒng)的,按照助力電動機的安裝位置不同可以分為:轉向柱助力型、小齒輪助力型、雙小齒輪助力型和齒條助力型。轉向柱助力型EPS的助力電動機安裝在轉向柱上,電動機助力轉矩通過蝸桿蝸輪減速增扭后直接加在轉向柱上。其優(yōu)點是電動機可以安裝在轉向柱的任何位置,成本相對其他幾種類型最低;缺點對電動機的轉矩波動對駕駛員手感影響較大。小齒輪助力型EPS的助

31、力電動機通過小齒輪與齒條嚙合,電動機的助力轉矩直接加在小齒輪軸上。優(yōu)點是:剛性好,轉向路感強。雙小齒輪助力型EPS的轉向齒條上安裝有兩個小齒輪,一個小齒輪與轉向盤相連,助力電動機通過另外一個小齒輪與齒條嚙合,為齒條提供助力。優(yōu)點是:可以提供相對較大的助力。1. 2 EPS系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點EPS系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的液壓動力轉向系統(tǒng)相比有以下優(yōu)點:（1)EPS能在各種行駛工況下提供最佳助力。在駐車或停車入庫以及低速轉向時為駕駛員提供足夠的助力,在高速轉向時使駕駛員有良好的“路感”,并減小由路面不平所引起的對轉向系統(tǒng)的擾動,改善汽車的轉向特性。（2)提高了汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟性,城市工況下燃油經(jīng)濟性可以提高3. 5%,

32、平均節(jié)省燃油3%。EPS系統(tǒng)僅在汽車轉向時才提供助力,不像傳統(tǒng)的液壓動力轉向系統(tǒng)即使在不轉向時,油泵也一直運轉。 （3)EPS系統(tǒng)結構緊湊,零件數(shù)量較少,便于安裝和裝配,提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。由于省去了裝于發(fā)動機上的皮帶輪和油泵,留出的空間可以用于安裝其他部件。FIAT公司生產(chǎn)的Punto采用了DELPHI公司開發(fā)的電動助力轉向系統(tǒng),裝車時間減少了80%左右。（4)EPS系統(tǒng)取消了液壓回路,不存在滲油和漏油問題,減少了對環(huán)境的污染,同時又節(jié)省了大量的轉向助力油。（5)EPS系統(tǒng)具有自我診斷的功能,便于維修和保養(yǎng)。（6)EPS系統(tǒng)具有良好的低溫工作性能,即使在-40的環(huán)境下,EPS系統(tǒng)也能很好地工作

33、,具有更高的可靠性、安全性。（7)EPS系統(tǒng)最大的優(yōu)點就是整個系統(tǒng)的性能可以在不改變系統(tǒng)結構的情況下,通過改變系統(tǒng)的控制策略、編程來實現(xiàn),從而滿足不同的車型和不同的駕駛感覺的需要,大大減低了開發(fā)的成本,提高了開發(fā)效率。2 EPS 系統(tǒng)的關鍵部件EPS系統(tǒng)的關鍵部件主要有轉角傳感器、轉矩傳感器、車速傳感器、助力電動機、減速機構和電控制單元(ECU)等。2.1 轉角、轉矩傳感器轉角傳感器用于實時檢測轉向盤的轉動方向以及轉向盤的位置,轉矩傳感器用于實時檢測轉向盤轉矩大小,并將信號輸送到EPS系統(tǒng)的電控單元(ECU)。轉角、轉矩傳感器的精度問題決定了電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)的性能可靠性,加速開發(fā)研究性能可靠成

34、本低廉的轉角、轉矩傳感器十分重要,傳感器的成本是制約電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)市場化的主要因素之一。2.2 車速傳感器車速傳感器用來測量車速的大小。車速傳感器一般采用電磁感應式傳感器,安裝在變速箱上。該傳感器根據(jù)車速的變化,把主副兩個系統(tǒng)的脈沖信號傳送給ECU,由于是兩個系統(tǒng),因此信號的可靠性提高了。2.3 助力電動機助力電動機是EPS系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行元件,助力電動機的特性直接影響到EPS系統(tǒng)控制的難易程度和駕駛員的手感。EPS系統(tǒng)對助力電動機的基本要求是:應具有高的可靠性，大的功率,低噪聲和振動,較低的摩擦轉矩,較小的體積和重量;能夠在堵轉下輸出轉矩;有良好的機械特性,在工作過程中,轉矩波動盡量要小;轉動慣量應盡可能的小;應能快速的反轉。目前EPS系統(tǒng)的助力電動機通常有永磁直流電動 機、直流無刷電動機和開關磁阻電動機等。直流有刷電動機技術成熟,控制器簡單,成本低,但存在電刷易磨損、功率密度低、由換向器的電火花產(chǎn)生的電磁干擾等缺點。直流無刷電動機采用電子換向,減少了換向時的電火花,不需要經(jīng)常維護以及具有較高的效率和功率密度而受到越來越多的關注。因此,開發(fā)適合EPS系統(tǒng)使用的低成本、高功率密度的直流無刷電動機是今后助力電動機的