概述Introduction to community nursing-社區(qū)護(hù)理學(xué)-01課件

1、Introduction to community health nursingLily L. HsuSchool of NursingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityHistory of Community Health NursingBefore mid 1800s-Early Home Care with focus in Sick and Poor individual. Orientation: curative agencies: lay & religious orders *St. Phoebe Mid 1800s to 1900-district N

2、ursing with focus in Sick and poor individual Orientation: curative/less in prevention agencies: voluntary & some government *William RathboneHistory of Community Health Nursing 1900-1970 public health nursing- Pubic Health Needs, focus in family and orientation in Curative and Prevention agencies:

3、government & some voluntary *Lilliam Wald1970 to present-Community Health Nursing, focus in total community and oriented to population health, services address health promotion; illness prevention agencies: many kinds; some independent practice *Ruth FreedmanChallenge for Chinas Community Health Nur

4、sing Elderly care issues2000 Population2050 PopulationChina Adult Population National Health Statistics 現(xiàn)有宮頸癌患者40萬人，死亡率達(dá)11.30% ；宮頸癌每年新發(fā)病例約13.15萬目前的乳腺癌發(fā)病率也已經(jīng)達(dá)到了每10萬人口3540。2007年中國糖尿病人約有3000萬。據(jù)WHO最新數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測，到2010年中國糖尿病人將達(dá)到目前的4倍。 世界衛(wèi)生組織預(yù)測，中國每年確診的新增結(jié)核病例為880萬。National Health StatisticsMaternal Mortality Rate

5、48.3/10萬 （2004）Skillful Professional Handle delivery 97 （2003）Female : male children attending school 1：1，Junior school admission 0.92 （2002）Female children attending elementary school 95.8% (2002)1525歲婦女識(shí)字率 98 （2004） Newborn mortality rate 15.4/1000, 2004 1 year old infant death rate：30/1000 （2003）

6、5 years old children mortality： 37/1000 （2003）Issues in Chronic DiseasesDMHypertensionStrokeCardiovascular diseases ObeseSmoking TB Public Health DefinitionPublic health is the Science and Art of :preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort

7、. (Winslow, 1920)Characteristics of Community Health Nursing It is a field of nursingIt combines public health and nursingIt focus in population and environment factors that may impact to peoples healthIt emphasize in health promotion, illness prevention, and wellnessCharacteristics of Community Hea

8、lth NursingIt promotes client responsibility and self-care It uses aggregate measurement and analysis It use principle of organizational theory It involves inter-professional collaboration.Pubic Health is for: The sanitation of environment,The control of communicable infections,The education of the

9、individual in personal hygiene,The organization of medical and nursing services for The early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, andThe development of the social machinery to insure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health , Healthy Life Style and Longevity .C

10、ommunity Health PracticeHealth Promotion 1. Increase the span of healthy life for all citizens 2. Reduce health disparities among population groups 3. Achieve access to preventive services for everyone. Health PreventionTertiary Prevention Secondary Prevention Primary Prevention Primary Prevention f

11、or Health Promotion Health EducationAdequate NutritionIndividual DevelopmentAdequate working environment and recreation, restingPre-marriage counseling and educationGenetic CounselingRegular Physical ExaminationSecondary PreventionIdentify cases in the communityScreen and testConduct special physica

12、l examinationTreat and prevent the progress of illnessAvoid the spreading of diseaseReduce the disability time Tertiary PreventionTreat and stop the disease progress and avoid complication and side effectLimit the chance for disabilityProvide rehabilitation for physical and psychological well-being,

13、 occupational therapy, availability of long-term care Setting for community health nursing practicehomesambulatory service settingsschoolsoccupational health settingresidential institutionsthe community at large Opportunity for Future Community Health NursingChronic Disease managementHome CareExtended