美國(guó)聯(lián)邦民事訴訟規(guī)則內(nèi)含中文目錄

1、美國(guó)聯(lián)邦地區(qū)法院民事訴訟規(guī)則簡(jiǎn)稱美國(guó)聯(lián)邦民事訴訟規(guī)則目錄美國(guó)聯(lián)邦民事訴訟規(guī)則導(dǎo)論美國(guó)聯(lián)邦民事訴訟規(guī)則第 1 章本規(guī)則的適用范圍和一種訴訟形式第 1 條本規(guī)則的適用范圍和目的第 2 條一種訴訟形式第 2 章訴訟開(kāi)始；傳喚令狀、訴答文書、申請(qǐng)書及命令的送達(dá)第 3 條訴訟開(kāi)始第 4 條傳喚狀第 4 條之 1 其他令狀的送達(dá)第 5 條訴答文書和其他文件的送達(dá)與提交第 6 條期間第 3 章訴答文書和申請(qǐng)書第 7 條允許提出的訴答文書；申請(qǐng)書的格式第 8 條訴答文書的一般規(guī)則第 9 條訴答文書的特別事項(xiàng)第 10 條訴答文書的格式第 11 條訴答文書、申請(qǐng)書及其他文件的簽名； 向法院的陳述；制裁第 12 條

2、抗辯和異議 提出的期間和方式 通過(guò)訴答文書或申請(qǐng)書 基于訴答文書請(qǐng)求判決的申請(qǐng)第 13 條反請(qǐng)求和交叉請(qǐng)求第 14 條第三當(dāng)事人訴訟程序第 15 條修改和補(bǔ)充訴答文書第 16 條審理前會(huì)議；日程；管理第4章當(dāng)事人第 17 條原告和被告；當(dāng)事人能力第 18 條請(qǐng)求和救濟(jì)方法的合并第 19 條為公正審判而必要合并的人第 20 條當(dāng)事人的許可合并第 21 條當(dāng)事人的合并錯(cuò)誤及不合并第 22 條互爭(zhēng)權(quán)利訴訟第 23 條集團(tuán)訴訟第 23 條之1 股東的派生訴訟第 23 條之2 關(guān)于非法人團(tuán)體的訴訟第 24 條訴訟參加第 25 條替代當(dāng)事人第 5 章庭外證言與發(fā)現(xiàn)程序第 26 條規(guī)范發(fā)現(xiàn)程序的一般規(guī)定；出

3、示義務(wù)第 27 條訴訟之前和上訴系屬期間的庭外證言第 28 條參與作成庭外證言的人員第 29 條關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)程序的約定第 30 條口頭詢問(wèn)的庭外證言第 31 條書面質(zhì)問(wèn)的庭外證言第 32 條在法院的訴訟程序中庭外證言的使用第 33 條對(duì)當(dāng)事人的質(zhì)問(wèn)書的而進(jìn)入房地產(chǎn)第 34 條提供文件和物件以及為調(diào)查或其他目第 35 條身體和精神狀態(tài)的檢查第 36 條要求自認(rèn)第 37 條不出示或不協(xié)助發(fā)現(xiàn)：制裁第 6 章開(kāi)庭審理第 38 條要求陪審團(tuán)審判的權(quán)利第 39 條陪審團(tuán)審判或法院審判第 40 條為開(kāi)庭審理而分配案件第 41 條撤銷訴訟第 42 條合并；分開(kāi)審理第 43 條證言的取得第 44 條官方記錄證明第

4、 44 條之 1 外國(guó)法的確定第 45 條傳票第 46 條不需要提出異議第 47 條選定陪審團(tuán)成員第 48 條陪審團(tuán)成員人數(shù) 參與裁決第 49 條特別裁決和質(zhì)問(wèn)書有條件第 50 條在陪審團(tuán)審判的案件中作為法律問(wèn)題 作出的判決；選擇重新審理的申請(qǐng)；的裁定第 51 條對(duì)陪審團(tuán)的指示：異議第 52 條法院認(rèn)定事實(shí)；部分認(rèn)定事實(shí)的判決第 53 條主事官 第 7 章判決第 54 條判決；費(fèi)用第 55 條缺席第 56 條簡(jiǎn)易判決第 57 條宣告判決第 58 條登記判決第 59 條重新審理；判決的修改第 60 條對(duì)判決或命令的救濟(jì)第 61 條無(wú)害的錯(cuò)誤第 62 條執(zhí)行判決程序的中止第 63 條法官不能繼續(xù)執(zhí)

5、行職務(wù)第 8 章臨時(shí)性和終局性財(cái)產(chǎn)救濟(jì)方法第 64 條對(duì)人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的扣押第 65 條禁止令第 65 條之 1 擔(dān)保：對(duì)保證人的訴訟程序第 66 條被聯(lián)邦法院任命的財(cái)產(chǎn)管理人第 67 條向法院提存第 68 條判決方案要約第 69 條執(zhí)行第 70 條特定行為的判決；賦予權(quán)限第 71 條有利于或不利于非當(dāng)事人的第三人的 令狀第 9 章特別程序第 71 條之 1 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)征收第 72 條補(bǔ)助法官；審理前命令第 73 條補(bǔ)助法官；同意審判及上訴的選擇權(quán)第 74 條根據(jù)美國(guó)法典第 28 編第 636 條 第 3 款（ 4 ）項(xiàng)和本規(guī)則第 73 條第 4 款的規(guī)定，對(duì)補(bǔ)助法官作出的決定向 地區(qū)法院法官提起上訴的

6、方式第 75 條根據(jù)本規(guī)則第73 條第4 款的規(guī)定，對(duì)補(bǔ)助法官作出的決定向地區(qū)法院法官提起上訴的程序第 76 條根據(jù)本規(guī)則第73 條第4 款的規(guī)定向地區(qū)法院法官提起上訴案件的判決和訴訟費(fèi)用第 10 章地區(qū)法院及其書記官第 77 條地區(qū)法院及其書記官第 78 條申請(qǐng)期日第 79 條書記官保管的登記簿和記錄以及登記第 80 條速記員；用作證據(jù)的速記員報(bào)告及速記譯回文字第 11 章一般條款第 81 條一般適用性第 82 條管轄區(qū)域及審判地不受影響第 83 條地區(qū)法院的規(guī)則；法官的指令第 84 條訴訟文書格式第 85 條本規(guī)則的稱謂第 86 條生效日期附件一：訴訟文書格式附件二：美國(guó)聯(lián)邦民事訴訟規(guī)則

7、中的詞匯英中文語(yǔ)義對(duì)照表美國(guó)聯(lián)邦證據(jù)規(guī)則導(dǎo)言 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦證據(jù)規(guī)則介紹第 1 章一般規(guī)定第 101 條適用范圍第 102 條目的和結(jié)構(gòu)第103條關(guān)于證據(jù)的裁定（a）錯(cuò)誤裁定的后果（1）異議（2）提供證明（b）關(guān)于提供證據(jù)和裁定的記錄（c）陪審團(tuán)審理 （d）顯見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤第104條初步詢問(wèn)（a）關(guān)于可采性的一般詢問(wèn)（b）以事實(shí)為條件的相關(guān)性（c）陪審團(tuán)審理（ d ）被告人作證（ e ）重要性和可信性第 105 條有限的可采性第 106 條書面或錄音證詞的剩余部分或相關(guān)部分第 2 章司法認(rèn)知第201條關(guān)于裁判事實(shí)的司法認(rèn)知（a）適用范圍（b）事實(shí)種類（c）任意采用 （d）強(qiáng)制采用（e）被聽(tīng)證的機(jī)會(huì)（f）采用

8、司法認(rèn)知的時(shí)間（g）指示陪審團(tuán)第 3 章民事訴訟中的推定第 301 條民事訴訟中推定的一般規(guī)定第 302 條民事訴訟中州法的適用性第 4 章相關(guān)性及其限制第 401 條 “相關(guān)證據(jù) ”的定義第 402 條相關(guān)證據(jù)一般可以采納；無(wú)相關(guān)性的證據(jù)不能采納第 403 條因偏見(jiàn)、混淆或浪費(fèi)時(shí)間而排除相關(guān)證據(jù)第404條品格證據(jù)不能采納來(lái)證明行為；例外；其他犯罪（a）品格證據(jù)的一般規(guī)定（1）被告人的品格（ 2 ）被害人的品格（ 3）證人的品格（ b ）其他犯罪、錯(cuò)誤或行為第405條證明品格的方法（a）名聲或評(píng)價(jià)（b）特定行為實(shí)例第 406 條習(xí)慣；日常工作第 407 條隨后的補(bǔ)救措施第 408 條和解和要求

9、和解第 409 條支付醫(yī)療或類似費(fèi)用第 410 條答辯、答辯討論和有關(guān)陳述不可采納第 411 條責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第 412 條性犯罪案件；與被害人過(guò)去行為相關(guān)第 5 章特權(quán)第 501 條一般規(guī)則第 6 章證人第 601 條關(guān)于證人能力的一般規(guī)則第 602 條缺乏親身體驗(yàn)第 603 條宣誓或鄭重聲明第 604 條譯員第 605 條法官作為證人的能力第606條陪審員作為證人的能力（a）參加審理 （b）對(duì)陪審團(tuán)裁決或起訴書合法性的調(diào)查第 607 條誰(shuí)可以提出質(zhì)疑第 608 條關(guān)于證人品格和行為的證據(jù)（ a ）關(guān)于品格的評(píng)價(jià)證據(jù)和名聲證據(jù)（ b ）行為的具體實(shí)例第609條以曾被定罪的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑（a） 一般規(guī)

10、則 （b）時(shí)間限制（c）赦免、撤銷或證明恢復(fù)名譽(yù)的效果（d）未成年人的裁判（e）上訴未決第 610 條宗教信仰或主張第611條詢問(wèn)和舉證的方式和次序（a）法庭控制（b）交叉詢問(wèn)的范圍（c）誘導(dǎo)性問(wèn)題第 612 條使用書面材料來(lái)喚醒記憶第613條證人先前的陳述（a）就證人先前的陳述進(jìn)行詢問(wèn)（b）有關(guān)證人先前陳述不一致的外部證據(jù)第614條法庭傳喚和詢問(wèn)證人（a）法庭傳喚證人 （b）法庭詢問(wèn)（c）異議第 615 條排除證人第 7 章意見(jiàn)證據(jù)和專家證詞第 701 條一般證人的意見(jiàn)證詞第 702 條專家證詞第 703 條專家意見(jiàn)證詞的基礎(chǔ)第 704 條關(guān)于最終爭(zhēng)議的意見(jiàn)第 705 條公開(kāi)專家意見(jiàn)所依據(jù)的

11、事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)第706條法庭指定專家（a）指定（b）補(bǔ)償（c）將指定公開(kāi)（d）當(dāng)事人自己選擇專家第 8 章傳聞證據(jù)第801條定義（a）陳述（b）陳述者（c）傳聞（d）不是傳聞的陳述（1）證人的先前陳述 （ 2 ）為對(duì)立當(dāng)事人承認(rèn)第 802 條傳聞證據(jù)規(guī)則第 803 條傳聞證據(jù)的例外；陳述者可否作證無(wú)關(guān)緊要 （ 1 ）表達(dá)感覺(jué)印象（ 2）刺激的發(fā) TOC o 1-5 h z 泄 （ 3 ）當(dāng)時(shí)存在的精神、感情或身體狀態(tài)（ 4）出于醫(yī)療診斷或治療目的的陳述（ 5）被記錄的回憶（ 6 ） 關(guān)于日常行為、 活動(dòng)的記錄（ 7 ） 在第 （ 6） 項(xiàng)規(guī)定的記錄中缺乏記載 （ 8）公共記錄或報(bào)告（9）重要統(tǒng)計(jì)資

12、料（10）缺乏公共記錄或沒(méi)有記載（11 ）宗教組織的記錄 （12） 婚姻、 洗禮或類似證明 （ 13） 家庭記錄 （14） 反映財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的文件記錄（15）文件中反映財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的陳述（ 16） 在陳年文件中的陳述（ 17） 市場(chǎng)報(bào)告商業(yè)出版物 （18）學(xué)術(shù)論文（19）關(guān)于個(gè)人或家庭歷史的名聲（20）關(guān)于邊界和一般歷史的名聲（21）性格方面的名聲 （ 22 ）先前定罪的判決（ 23 ）關(guān)于個(gè)人、家庭、或一般歷史、或邊界的 判決 （ 24 ）其他例外第804條傳聞證據(jù)的例外；陳述者不能到庭作證（a）不能出庭的定義（b）傳聞證據(jù)的例外 （ 1 ） 先前證詞 （ 2 ） 臨終陳述 （ 3） 對(duì)己不利的陳述

13、（ 4 ） 關(guān)于個(gè)人或家史的陳述（ 5）其他例外第805條傳聞中的傳聞第 806 條攻擊和支持陳述者的可信性第 9 章鑒定和辨認(rèn) TOC o 1-5 h z 第901條要求鑒定或辨認(rèn)（a） 一般規(guī)定（b）說(shuō)明（1）具有知識(shí)的人的證明（2）對(duì)筆跡的非專家意見(jiàn) （ 3 ） 由審判者或?qū)＜易C人進(jìn)行比較（ 4 ） 與眾不同的特征或類似品質(zhì)（ 5）聲音辨認(rèn)（ 6 ）聲音通話（ 7 ）公共記錄或報(bào)告（ 8）陳年文件或數(shù)據(jù)匯編 （ 9 ）過(guò)程或系統(tǒng) （ 10 ）法律或規(guī)則規(guī)定的方法第 902 條自我鑒定（ 1 ） 國(guó)內(nèi)蓋有印章的公文（ 2 ） 國(guó)內(nèi)未蓋印章的公文（ 3 ） 外國(guó)公文（ 4）經(jīng)證實(shí)的公共記錄的

14、副本（ 5 ） 官方出版物（ 6） 報(bào)紙和期刊 （ 7） 商品注冊(cè)或類似標(biāo)記（ 8）被承認(rèn)的文件（9）商業(yè)票據(jù)和相關(guān)文件（ 10）根據(jù)國(guó)會(huì)立法推定第 903 條不必要有補(bǔ)強(qiáng)證人證詞第 10 章文字、錄音和照相的內(nèi)容第 1001 條定義 （ 1）文字和錄音（ 2 ）照相（ 3 ）原件（ 4）復(fù)制品第 1002 條要求原件第 1003 條復(fù)制品的可采性第 1004 條其他關(guān)于內(nèi)容的證據(jù)的可采性（ 1 ）原件遺失或毀壞（ 2 ）原件無(wú)法獲得（ 3 ）原件在對(duì)方掌握中（ 4 ）附屬事項(xiàng)第 1005 條公共記錄第 1006 條摘要第 1007 條當(dāng)事人的證詞或書面承認(rèn)第 1008 條法庭和陪審團(tuán)的職能第

15、 11 章綜合規(guī)則第1101條規(guī)則的適用性 （a）法院和治安法院（b）訴訟范圍（c）關(guān)于特權(quán)的規(guī)則（d）不適用規(guī)則的情況（ e ）部分適用的規(guī)則第 1102 條修改第 1103 條標(biāo)題FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURESCOPE OF RULES ONE FORM OF ACTIONRule1 Scope and Purpose of RulesThese rules govern the procedure in the United States district courts in all suits of a civil nature whether co

16、gnizable as cases at law or in equity or in admiralty, with the exceptions stated in Rule 81. They shall be construed and administered to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action.Rule 2 One Form of ActionThere shall be one form of action to be known as civil action.COMM

17、ENCEMENT OF ACTION; SERVICE OF PROCESS, PLEADINGS, MOTIONS, AND ORDERSRule 3 Commencement of ActionA civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court.Rule 4 SummonsForm. The summons shall be signed by the clerk, bear the seal of the court, identify the court and the parties, be directe

18、d to the defendant, and state the name and address of the plaintiffs attorney or, if unrepresented, of the plaintiff. It shall also state the time within which the defendant must appear and defend, and notify the defendant that failure to do so will result in a judgment by default against the defend

19、ant for the reliefdemanded in the complaint.The court may allow a summons to be amended.Issuance. Upon or after filing the complaint, the plaintiff may present a summons to the clerk for signature and seal. If the summons is in proper form, the clerk shall sign, seal, and issue it to the plaintiff f

20、orservice on the defendant. A summons, or a copy of the summonsif addressed to multiple defendants, shall be issued for each defendant to be served.Service with Complaint; by Whom Made.A summonsshall be served together with a copy of the complaint. The plaintiff is responsible for service of a summo

21、ns and complaint within the time allowed under subdivision (m) and shall furnish the person effecting service with the necessary copies of the summons and complaint.Service may be effected by any person who is not a party and who is at least 18 years of age. At the request of the plaintiff, however,

22、 the court may direct that service be effected by a United States marshal, deputy United States marshal, or other person or officer specially appointed by the court for the purpose. Such an appointment must be made when the plaintiffis authorized to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 1915 or is a

23、uthorized to proceed asa seaman under 1916Waiver of Service; Duty to Save Costs of Service; Request to Waive.A defendant who waives service of a summons does not thereby waive any objection to the venue or to the jurisdiction of the court over the person of the defendant.An individual, corporation,

24、or association that is subject to service under subdivision (e), (f), or (h) and that receives notice of an action in the manner provided in this paragraph has a duty to avoid unnecessary costs of serving the summons. To avoid costs, the plaintiff may notify such a defendant of the commencement of t

25、he action and request that the defendant waive service of a summons. The notice and request.shall be in writing and shall be addressed directly to the defendant, if an individual, or else to an officer or managing or general agent (or other agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service o

26、f process) of a defendant subject to service under subdivision (h) ;shall be dispatched through first-class mail or other reliable means;shall be accompanied by a copy of the complaint and shall identify the court in which it has been filed;shall inform the defendant, by means of a text prescribed i

27、n an official form promulgated pursuant to Rule 84, of the consequences of compliance and of a failure to comply with the request;shall set forth the date on which request is sent; (F) shall allow the defendant a reasonable time to return the waiver, which shall be at least 30 days from the date on

28、which the request is sent, or 60 days from that date if the defendant is addressed outside any judicial district of the United States; andshall provide the defendant with an extra copy of the notice and request, as well as a prepaid means of compliance in writing.If a defendant located within the Un

29、ited States fails to comply with a request for waiver made by a plaintiff located within the United States, the court shall impose the costs subsequently incurred in effecting service on the defendant unless good cause for the failure be shown.A defendant that, before being served with process, time

30、ly returns a waiver so requested is not required to serve an answer to the complaint until 60 days after the date on which the request for waiver of service was sent, or 90 days after that date if the defendant was addressed outside any judicial district of the United States.Whenthe plaintiff files

31、a waiver of service with the court, the action shall proceed, except as provided in paragraph (3), as if a summons and complaint had been served at the time of filing the waiver, and no proofs of service shall be required.The costs to be imposed on a defendant under paragraph (2) for failure to comp

32、ly with a request to waive service of a summons shall include the costs subsequently incurred in effecting service under subdivision (e), (f), or (h), together with the costs, including a reasonable attorneys fee, of any motion required to collect the costs of service.Service Upon Individuals Within

33、 a Judicial District of the United States. Unless otherwise provided by federal law, service upon an individual from whom a waiver has not been obtained and filed, other than an infant or an incompetent person, may be effected in any judicial district of the United States:pursuant to the law of the

34、state in which the district court is located, or in which service is effected, for the service of a summons upon the defendant in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of the State; orby delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally or by leavin

35、g copies thereof at the individuals dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.Service Upon Indi

36、viduals in a Foreign Country. Unless otherwise provided by federal law, service upon an individual from whom a waiver has not been obtained and filed, other than an infant or an incompetent person, may be effected in a place not within any judicial district of the United States:by any internationall

37、y agreed means reasonably calculated to give notice, such as those means authorized by the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents; orif there is no internationally agreed means of service or the applicable international agreement allows other means of service,

38、 provided that service is reasonably calculated to give notice:in the manner prescribed by the law ofthe foreign country forservice in that country in an action in any of its courts of general jurisdiction; oras directed by the foreign authority in response to a letter rogatory or letter of request;

39、 orunless prohibited by the law of the foreign country, bydelivery to the individual personally of a copy of the summons and the complaint; orany form of mail requiring a signed receipt, to be addressed and dispatched by the clerk of the court to the party to be served; orby other means not prohibit

40、ed by international agreement as may be directed by the court.Service Upon Infants and Incompetent Person. Service upon an infant or an incompetent person in a judicial district of the United States shall be effected in the manner prescribed by the law of the state in which the service is made for t

41、he service of summons or like process upon any such defendant in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of that state.Service upon an infant or an incompetent person in a place not within any judicial district of the United States shall be effected in the manner prescribed by paragr

42、aph (2)(A) or (2)(B) of subdivision (f) or by such means as the court may direct.Service Upon Corporations and Associations. Unless otherwise provided by federal law, service upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association that is subject to suit unde

43、r a common name, and from which a waiver of service has not been obtained and filed, shall be effected:in a judicial district of the United States in the manner prescribed for individuals by subdivision (e)(1), or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or

44、general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and, if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant, orin a place not within any judicial district of the United S

45、tates in any manner prescribed for individuals by subdivision (f) except personal delivery as provided in paragraph (2)(C)(i) thereof.Serving the United States, Its Agencies, Corporations, Officers, or Employees.Service upon the United States shall be effectedby delivering a copy of the summonsand o

46、f the complaint to the United States attorney for the district in which the action is brought or to an assistant United States attorney or clerical employee designated by the United States attorney in a writing filed with the clerk of the court or by sending a copy of the summonsand of the complaint

47、 by registered or certified mail addressed to thecivil process clerk at the office of the United States attorney andby also sending a copy of the summons and of the complaint by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General of the United States at Washington, District of Columbia, andin any a

48、ction attacking the validity of anorder of an officeror agency of the United States not made a party, by also sendinga copy of the summonsand of the complaint by registered or certified mail to the officer or agency.(2)(A) Service on an agency or corporation of the United States, or an officer or em

49、ployee of the United States sued only in an official capacity, is effected by serving the United States in the manner prescribed by Rule 4 (i)(1) and by also sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail to the officer, employee, agency, or corporation.Service on an off

50、icer or employee of the United States sued in an individual capacity for acts or omissions occurring in connection with the performance of duties on behalf of the United States whether or not the officer or employee is sued also in an official capacity is effected by serving the United States in the

51、 manner prescribed by Rule 4 (i)(1) and by serving the officer or employee in the manner prescribed by Rule 4 (e), (f), or (g).The court shall allow a reasonable time to serve process under Rule 4 (i) for the purpose of curing the failure to serve:all persons required to be served in an action gover

52、ned by Rule 4 (i)(2)(A), if the plaintiff has served either the United States attorney or the Attorney General of the United States, orthe United States in an action governed by Rule 4 (i)(2)(B), if the plaintiff has served an officer or employee of the United States sued in an individual capacity.S

53、ervice Upon Foreign, State, or Local Governments.Service upon a foreign state or a political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof shall be effected pursuant to 1608Service upon a state, municipal corporation, or other governmental organization subject to suit, shall be effected by deliver

54、ing a copy of the summons and of the complaint to its chief executive officer or by serving the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by the law of that state for the service of summons or other like process upon any such defendant.Territorial Limits of Effective Service.Service of a summon

55、s or filing a waiver of service is effective to establish jurisdiction over the person of a defendantwho could be subjected to the jurisdiction of a court of general jurisdiction in the state in which the district court is located, orwho is a party joined under Rule 14 or Rule 19 and is servedat a p

56、lace within a judicial districtof the United States and notmore than 100 miles from the place from which the summons issues, orwho is subject to the federal interpleader jurisdiction under 1335, orwhen authorized by a statute of the United States.If the exercise of jurisdiction is consistent with th

57、e Constitutionand lawsof the United States, serving a summons or filing a waiver of service is also effective, with respect to claims arising under federal law, to establishpersonaljurisdiction over the person of any defendant who is not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of general jurisdict

58、ion of any state.Proof of Service. If service is not waived, the person effecting service shall make proofthereof to the court. If service is made by a person other than a United States marshal or deputy United States marshal, the person shall make affidavit thereof. Proof of service in a placenot w

59、ithin any judicial district of the United States shall, if effected under paragraph (1) of subdivision (f), be made pursuant to the applicable treaty or convention, and shall, if effected under paragraph (2) or (3) thereof, include a receipt signed by the addressee or other evidence of delivery to t

60、he addressee satisfactory to the court. Failure to makeproof of service does not affect the validityof the service. The court may allow proof of service to be amended.Time Limit for Service. If service of the summonsand complaint is not made upon a defendant within 120 days after the filing of the c