2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題19閱讀理解四含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題19閱讀理解四含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題19閱讀理解四含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題19閱讀理解四含解析專題19 【閱讀理解】解題指導(dǎo)觸類旁通尋方法，求策略，掌握“套路”四定位對比 找答案詞句猜測題閱讀理解【詞句猜測題】滿分攻略推測詞義題命題規(guī)律命題趨勢推測詞義是一項(xiàng)閱讀基本技能要求，是全國卷歷年常考題型,設(shè)題1-2題考查內(nèi)容在特殊語言環(huán)境有特殊意義的詞：專業(yè)詞匯、生僻字、常用代詞。考查題型推測單詞或代詞含義 推測短語含義 推測句子含義題干設(shè)置常有underlined這一標(biāo)志詞正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)相應(yīng)詞語的同義詞語 相應(yīng)

2、語句的解釋、復(fù)述或概括干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) 錯誤改寫 丟三落四 半對半錯 曲解原意 順藤摸瓜語境法利用上下文及前后提示來推測。有的考查代詞指代的對象，需利用整個段落、篇章來推斷,甚至要對內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)才能得到。同義法常見的標(biāo)志詞：just as， also， as well as， like， unlike, similarly等.常用并列連詞or或and，前后內(nèi)容在含義上接近或遞進(jìn)。常識法利用常識和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來推測。需要了解英美習(xí)俗、天文地理、宗教信仰、政治體制和社會制度等。定義法通過定義、定語和同位語來確定詞義。舉例法常見的標(biāo)志詞：for example, for instance, such as，

3、and so on， just as, like， similarity等。對比法常見的標(biāo)志詞：unlike, yet， whereas， (more.。） than, instead(of)， while, differ from， difference, on the other hand, but, however， despite, in spite of, in contrast等因果法常見的原因標(biāo)志詞：because (of）， for, since, as a result of等；常見的結(jié)果標(biāo)志詞:so， therefore, thus, for this reason,as

4、a result ，cause， lead to, consequently, such.。that， so.。that 等。構(gòu)詞法根據(jù)前綴、后綴和合成詞的構(gòu)詞法則來推測。反義法常見的標(biāo)志詞有although， though, but, however, whereas， nevertheless， on the contrary， in contrast, rather than，on one hand.。on the other hand， for one thing.for another， 等.考點(diǎn)突破針對提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難，有效提升熟記高頻詞 突破閱讀理解詞匯障礙高考英語考前必背57

5、0個高頻詞第 十 七 組第 十 八 組461. triangle n。 三角（形）462. sequence n. 連續(xù)；順序463. shallow adj。 淺的464。 shiver vi/n. 發(fā)抖465。 signature n。 簽名466. sincere adj. 誠摯的；真誠的467. utility n. 功用;效用468。 utilize vt. 利用469. utter vt。 說出 adj。 完全的;徹底的470. variation n。 變化；變動471。 vehicle n. 交通工具；車輛472。 applause n. 鼓掌；掌聲473。 jungle n.

6、 叢林；密林474. knot n。 結(jié) vt. 把.。.打成結(jié)475。 appliance n. 器具；器械476. consent n.準(zhǔn)許;同意 vi （to）準(zhǔn)許；同意477。 defect n。 缺點(diǎn);缺陷478。 delicate adj。易碎的；嬌弱的;精美的479. evolve v。演變480。 evolution n. 演變；進(jìn)化481. exclaim v. 呼喊;大聲說482。 frown v./n。 皺眉483。 frustrate vt. 使沮喪484. guarantee vt。/n. 保證485。 guilty adj。 內(nèi)疚的;有罪的486. jealous

7、adj. 妒忌的487。 jeans n. 牛仔褲488. label n. 標(biāo)簽489。liter/litre n。 升490. modest adj. 謙虛道491. molecule n. 分子492。 orbit n。 軌道 v. （繞.。）作軌道運(yùn)行493. participate v. (in）參與；參加494。 particle n. 微粒495。 particularly adv. 特別；尤其496。 respond vi。 回答；答復(fù);反應(yīng)497。 sensible adj. 明智的498. sensitive adj。 敏感到;靈敏的499。 tremble vi。 顫抖5

8、00. trial n. 審訊；試驗(yàn)501。 apparent adj。 顯然的；明白的502。 appetite n. 胃口;欲望503. deposit n。 存款；定金 v。存放；儲蓄504. deputy n. 副職；代表505。 derive vt。 取得；得到；(from)起源于506。 descend v. 下來；下降507。 numerous adj. 眾多的;許多的508。 mission n. 使命；代表團(tuán)509. mist n.薄霧510。 noticeable adj。 顯而易見的511。 notify vt。 通知；告知512. nuisance n. 令人討厭的東西

9、（或人）513. resemble vt。 像;類似于514。 reveal vt. 揭露515. revenue n. 收入；歲入;稅收516。 shelter n. 掩蔽處；住所517。 shield n. 防護(hù)物；盾 vt. 保護(hù);防護(hù)518. vital adj。 重要的；致命的；生命的519. vitally adv。 極度;非常;致命地520. urban adj。 城市的第 十 九 組第 二 十 組521。 urge vt。 鼓勵；激勵522. urgent adj. 急迫的；緊急得523。 usage n。 使用；用法524. violence n。 強(qiáng)力；暴力525. vio

10、lent adj. 強(qiáng)暴的526。 welfare n。 福利527. whatsoever adv。 無論怎樣；絲毫528. whereas conj。 然而；但是；盡管529. essential adj。 必不可少的；本質(zhì)的530. estimate n。/vt。 估計；估量531。 evaluate vt. 評估；評價532。 exceed vt. 超過；越出533。 exceedingly adv. 非常；極其534. exclude vt。 把.。排斥在外；不包括535。 exclusive adj。 獨(dú)有的；排他的536。 flee vi. 逃走537。 flexible adj

11、。 易彎曲的538。 flock n.羊群；（鳥獸等）一群；一伙人539。 harmony n. 和諧；融洽540。 haste n。 急速；急忙541. hatred n. 憎惡;憎恨542。 incident n。 事件；事變543. index n。 索引；標(biāo)志544. infant n。 嬰兒545. infect v。 傳染546. inferior adj。 劣等的；次的；下級的547。 infinite adj。 無限的548. ingredient n。 組成部分549. inhabitant n. 居民550。 jail n。 監(jiān)獄551. jam n. 果醬;擁擠;堵塞55

12、2. laser n. 激光553. launch vt。 發(fā)動；發(fā)起554。 luxury n。 奢侈；奢侈品555。 magnet n。 磁鐵；磁體556。 male adj。 男性的；雄的557. manual adj. 用手的；手工做的 558. manufacture vt./n。 制造；加工559。 marine adj. 海的；海產(chǎn)的560。 naked adj. 裸露的561. neglect vt. 忽視；忽略562. primitive adj. 原始的；早期的563. quit v。 停止；放棄564. quotation n. 引文；引語565. recreation

13、n。 娛樂活動566。 recruit vt。 招募；吸收（新成員）567。 skim vt。 搬（去）；掠過;瀏覽568。 theme n。 主題569。 textile n. 紡織品570。 tropical adj。 熱帶的;炎熱的2021年高考英語【閱讀理解】題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練四原題版跟蹤檢測遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范,夯基提能 Test 1Kendrick Lamar hasnt had much luck when it comes to winning a Grammy. But thats OK：The US rapper has just won a Pulitzer Prize fo

14、r his music.In 2014， in 2016, and again in 2018， Lamar was nominated （提名） for an album of the year Grammy。 Each time， he was beaten out， first by Taylor Swift， next by Daft Punk， and most recently by Bruno Mars。But the Pulitzer Prize committee was inspired enough by Lamars 2017 album, Damn。， to awar

15、d the Pulitzer Prize in music on April 16。 Its an amazing album that documents the real life of modern African.Americans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms.Lamars win is considered to be historical。 The Pulitzers have long displayed their preference towards high art rath

16、er than the pop culture of the masses. So its not just that no rapper has ever won a Pulitzer: no pop music maker has ever won one in the awards history.But Lamar is not just a singerhes clever at using language。 Like the best writers， his music describes small moments that illustrate larger points.

17、 His songs are about his experience as a black man who grew up in California， struggled， got into trouble, and found his way out by working hard and making sense of the history and reality in the US.“Hes an artist who challenges ideas, said Ryan Coogler， director of the blockbuster (大片) Black Panthe

18、r, for which Lamar created music. “One big theme in our film is this idea of What does it mean to be African? Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”Good artists entertain us， great artists make us think， and exceptional artists help us empathize （產(chǎn)生共鳴)There are a

19、 lot of good, great, even exceptional artists in rock, pop， country, and hiphop. But only Lamar has won a Pulitzer Prize。1What is Lamars album Damn。 about？AAfrican。Americans history and culture。BHardships of the African。American artists.CThe ways the US government deal with problems。DThe lives of mo

20、dern black people in South Los Angeles.2Why is Lamars Pulitzer Prize win significant？AHe is the first film.maker to win the prize。BIt is considered a milestone for pop music.CHe is the first black person to win the prize.DHe has missed Grammy several times before.3What can we learn from Ryan Coogler

21、s words？ALamar drew inspiration from his own experience。BLamar has the courage to take on big challenges in life。CBlack Panther is well known because of Lamars music.DLamars music matches the theme of Black Panther well.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文.美國說唱歌手Kendrick Lamar以說唱歌手的身份獲得了普利策獎.1D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中的“Its an ama

22、zing album that documents the real life of modern African。Americans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms?！笨芍?Lamar的這張專輯主要講述的是生活在洛杉磯南部的當(dāng)代美籍非洲人的真實(shí)生活。故選D.2B解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Lamars win is considered to be historical.”和“no pop music maker has ever won one in the awards his

23、tory”可推知，Lamar獲得普利策獎具有重大意義。故選B。3D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中Ryan Coogler說的話“One big theme in our film is this idea of What does it mean to be African? Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”可知，Lamar的音樂與電影Black Panther主題相一致.故選D。Test 2Fairy tales perform many functions. They en

24、tertain， encourage imagination and teach problem.solving skills。 They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institu

25、te of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence） can take to its cold， mechanical heart。The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behav

26、ior in fables， novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collec

27、ts story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible。 The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can intera

28、ct with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives（指示）， the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it。 But Quixote offers a reward for waiting

29、 in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it。 In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function。 Its a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots。

30、 We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society， and in doing so， it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior。 Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means。1What function do fairy tales perform in the robots？AThey en

31、tertain robots.BThey highlight dangers.CThey make robots more intelligent。DThey enable robots to behave morally.2What is “Quixote” in the text?AA punishment system.BA character in literature。CA big name in technology。DA kind of software educating robots.3What does the designer expect robots to do in

32、 the experiment？ATo take advantage of its privilege。BTo finish the task most efficiently.CTo perform in a well.mannered way.DTo be rewarded by the storekeeper。4Which of the following can best express the authors opinion？ARobots will definitely have more functions。BRobots with humans emotions are per

33、fect。CTraining robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.DThe development of robots is still in a baby step?！窘忸}導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文.童話故事不但可以娛樂孩子們，還能讓機(jī)器人擁有道德觀念,使其更好地為人類服務(wù).1D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI（artificial intelligence） can take to its cold, me

34、chanical heart”可知,童話故事可以作為道德經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓人工智能機(jī)器人的行為符合道德規(guī)范,故D項(xiàng)正確.2D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“This system is called Quixote。 It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，這個系統(tǒng)被稱為“Quixote”；它從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上收集故事情節(jié)，然后用這些故事來教育機(jī)器人如何規(guī)范行為,由此可知，Quixote是一種教育機(jī)器人的軟件，故D項(xiàng)正確。3C解析:推理判斷題

35、。根據(jù)第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society， and in doing so， it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior?！笨赏浦?設(shè)計者希望機(jī)器人在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的行為能符合道德規(guī)范,故C項(xiàng)正確。4C解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.根據(jù)第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doin

36、g so， it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我們認(rèn)為人工智能必須接受培訓(xùn)以適應(yīng)特定社會的價值觀，這樣做，它將努力避免不可接受的行為.據(jù)此可推知，訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人讓其行為符合社會規(guī)范是必要的，故C項(xiàng)正確。Test 3A walk through the galleries of Quebecs Montreal Museum of Fine Arts（MMFA） places individuals face。to。face with some 43，000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics

37、 to Inuit sculpture。While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience, a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe（開處方） museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.“We know that art contributes to neural（神經(jīng)的) activity，” said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil. “What we see is that

38、being in contact with art can really help your well。being。”Hlne Boyer， vice president of a Montreal。based medical association， explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin， a neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood.According t

39、o Boyer， the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise， making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity。The museum visits are designed to imp

40、rove traditional methods。 As Bondil notes， spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction. “What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain，” she says。 “When you enter the museum， you escape from the speed of our daily life.”“I am convinc

41、ed that in the 21st century, culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century,” said Bondil. “Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century， sports were believed to do harm to the body。 Just as doctors now prescribe exercise， they will be able to prescrib

42、e a visit to the MMFA.”1What does Hlne Boyer think of museum visits？AThey can cheer people up.BThey can reduce physical activity.CThey can slow down our life pace.DThey can increase levels of art appreciation.2How do museum visits affect people？AStop them concentrating on pain。BStop them focusing on

43、 traditional methods。CEncourage them not to be absentminded.DEncourage them to slow their steps while walking。3What does the last paragraph suggest?APhysical activity was popular in the 19th century.BSports are considered to be harmful to the body。CIdeas of treating illnesses are changing over time。

44、DDoctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.4What is the main idea of the text？AMuseum visits are ideal for the elderly。BThe happy chemical helps to lift the mood.CPeaceful environment helps escape pain。DCultural activities will promote health?！窘忸}導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。參觀博物館不僅能讓人們受到藝術(shù)的熏陶，還能舒緩心情、治療疾病。1A解析：細(xì)節(jié)

45、理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Hlne Boyer， vice president of a Montreal。based medical association， explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin， a neurotransmitter(神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)） known as the happy chemical which helps to lift the mood.”可知，一個總部設(shè)在蒙特利爾的醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會的副主席Hlne Boyer解釋說,參觀博物館被證明可以提高血清素水平,血清素是一種被稱

46、為“快樂化學(xué)物質(zhì)的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),它有助于振奮情緒.據(jù)此可知，Hlne Boyer認(rèn)為參觀博物館可以幫助人們振作起來，故A項(xiàng)正確。2A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第六段中的“What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain可知，參觀博物館可以讓人們逃避痛苦，故A項(xiàng)正確。3C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后兩句“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do

47、 harm to the body。 Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA。”可知,在19世紀(jì),體育運(yùn)動被認(rèn)為對身體有害?，F(xiàn)在，就像醫(yī)生給病人開運(yùn)動處方一樣，他們將能給病人開去蒙特利爾美術(shù)博物館參觀的處方。據(jù)此可推知，治療疾病的方法隨著時間的變化而改變,故C項(xiàng)正確。4D解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過描述參觀蒙特利爾美術(shù)博物館引入本文話題,接著介紹當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)生將給病人開參觀博物館的處方來治療一些疾病，藝術(shù)欣賞對人的健康的積極作用，也就是說文化

48、活動可以促進(jìn)健康，故D項(xiàng)正確。Test 4Many Canadians are aware that problems with the nations health care system have resulted in a lack of hospital beds and medical equipment， overcrowded emergency rooms， long waiting lists， and not enough family doctors。Over the last 10 years， the number of medical students choosi

49、ng the family practice as their lifelong career has been dropping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite（援引） a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice. As in other kinds of work， young

50、doctors today want a balance between their professional and personal lives。In British Columbia(BC) this problem is made worse because the province produces fewer medical graduates for each person than any other province in Canada. The provincial government has committed itself to doubling the number

51、 of medical student graduates. This strategy doesnt come close to giving us the new doctors needed each year in BC to replace those who are retiring， moving out of the province, reducing their hours of practice, or dying。The primary care system is showing its cracks。 Ten years ago， 2，030 of BCs fami

52、ly doctors were providing obstetrical(產(chǎn)科的） care。 Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service. Although delivering babies is a “good news” area of medicine， the hours are long， but the reward for bringing new life into the world is modest。 Its no surprise, then， that many of BCs family doct

53、ors are no longer taking on new patients。 In 1999， there were 1,420 family doctors accepting new patientsin 2004 that number declined to 599， a drop of 58%。The foundation of primary care needs to be strengthened. The Working Agreement between the doctors and the government includes a series of prima

54、ry care renewal projects designed to make the family practice more attractive to medical graduates， improve upon working conditions， and entice family doctors from outside BC to start their business here. Yet still more needs to be done。1What makes medical students unwilling to be family physicians?

55、AThe student debt and long working hours。BLong term of study at a medical school。CA limited number of places in the medical school.DAn increasing number of patients and long waiting lists for specialists.2What does the text say about family doctors in BC?AThey are no longer needed。BThey are too few

56、in number.CThey will soon become abundant.DThey are rapidly leaving the province。3Which can replace the underlined word “entice in the last paragraph？AForbid.BHire.CRemind. DAttract.4What is the primary purpose of the text?ATo show sympathy for family doctors。BTo inspire young people to be family do

57、ctors。CTo stress the urgent need of more family doctors。DTo tell the disadvantages of being family doctors?！窘忸}導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了加拿大家庭醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏的問題。1A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite（援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doc

58、tor who is managing the family practice.可知,學(xué)生債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)和工作時間長成為阻礙醫(yī)科學(xué)生選擇成為家庭醫(yī)生的兩大障礙，故選A.2B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“Ten years ago， 2，030 of BCs family doctors were providing obstetrical(產(chǎn)科的） care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service.”，并結(jié)合本段最后一句“In 1999， there were 1，420 family doctors accepting

59、 new patientsin 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.可知，在BC，家庭醫(yī)生的數(shù)量在急劇下降,缺口很大，故選B。3D解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞“attractive”和“improve”可推知，畫線詞在此處的含義與D項(xiàng)“吸引”相近，故選D。4C解析:寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段的點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要介紹了加拿大家庭醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏的問題，故選C。Test 5Young trees dont just grow；they develop a personality and learn more

60、about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever theres trouble。Personality， just as among people， varies among trees. Some are anxious， some bold。 On the authors land，there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always s