大豆食用油加工主要工藝中英文

1、 2、各車間工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述Briefexplanationofprocessdiagramofeachplant總工藝流程圖Chiefprocessflowdiagram大豆Soya預(yù)處理Pretreatment料坯浸出Extractionofextrudedflakes粕包裝一成品大豆粕MealpackingFinishedproductmeal浸出毛豆油ExtractedcrudeSoyaoil各車間工藝流程圖Eachplantsprocessflowdiagram油料預(yù)處理車間Pretreatmentplantofoilseed大豆一計(jì)量清理除鐵去石軟化1SoyameasuringClea

2、ningRemovingRemovingSofteningsteelstone1r大豆坯片一冷卻一-一烘干軋坯SoyaflakesCoolingDryingFlaking221.1計(jì)量measuring:連續(xù)自動(dòng)計(jì)量進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)線的原料Measureinputmaterialandcontinuously.清理cleaning：去除油料中草屑、枝葉等農(nóng)業(yè)雜質(zhì)Removegrass,branches,leavesorotheragricultureimpurityfrommaterial；除鐵removingsteel:去除油料中的鐵質(zhì)雜質(zhì)Removesteelfrommaterial

3、去石removingstone:去除油料中的砂、石Removesandandstoneinthematerial軟化softening:油料升溫和調(diào)節(jié)水分Heatmaterialandadjustmoisturecontent軋坯flaking:壓料成薄片，縮短油路Pressmaterialtoflakestoshortenoilpath烘干Drying:坯片受熱升溫、去水，同時(shí)內(nèi)部組織發(fā)生變化Heatflakestoremovemoisture.Atthesametimeinternalstructureofflakeshasbeenchanged.冷卻:烘干后坯

4、料溫度較高，通過(guò)風(fēng)冷降溫，同時(shí)去除部分水分Temperatureofheatedflakesishigh,coolthembyairandremovemoistureinside.浸出車間Extractionplant大豆坯SoyaflakesWetmealdesolventisingDrymeal浸出Extraction:用正乙烷對(duì)大豆坯浸泡，萃取其中的油脂，分離出混合油和濕粕ExtractextrudedSoyaflakesbyhexanetogetoilandseparateoilfromwetmeal混合油蒸發(fā)Miscellaevaporation:加熱混合

5、油(含正已烷的油脂)，使其中的正已烷汽化蒸發(fā)Heatmiscella(oilwithhexane)toevaporatehexane222.3汽提Steamstripping:利用直接蒸汽進(jìn)一步蒸發(fā)出油中的正已烷Evaporatehexanefartherbydirectsteam2.224真空干燥Vacuumdrying:在一定溫度和真空的條件下，脫除油中水分。Underspecialconditionsoftemperatureandvacuum,removewateraway.222.5濕粕脫溶Wetmealdesolventizing:采用加熱和蒸烘的方法脫除濕粕中所含的正已烷Byhe

6、atingandtoastingwetmealtoremovehexaneinthemeal2.226溶劑冷凝回收Solventcondensingandrecycling:用冷凝和吸收等方法回收蒸發(fā)、汽提、脫溶過(guò)程中所揮發(fā)的溶劑,回收的溶劑再循環(huán)使用Bycondensation,absorptionandotherwaystorecyclehexanevolatizingfromevaporation,steamstrippinganddesolventizingforcirculation222.7系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的含溶尾氣經(jīng)石蠟回收后排放。Hexaneinthetailgasfromextrac

7、tionsystemwillbeabsorbedfirst,andbeventedlater.大豆粕包裝車間SoyamealpackingplantBlower1111-除塵器輸送冷卻粉碎機(jī)定量包裝CycloneCoolingMealbreakingQuantifyingandpacking風(fēng)機(jī)Vent排空MealTransportationProductmeal輸送Transportation:粕從浸出車間輸送到粕冷卻車間Transportmealfromextractionplanttomealcoolingplant冷卻：粕進(jìn)入冷粕機(jī)再一次得到冷卻,以便保證貯藏質(zhì)量。粉碎M

8、ealbreaking:利用粉碎機(jī)粉碎大豆粕，以便貯藏包裝BreakSoyamealbybreakerforconvenientpackingandstorage定量包裝Quantifyingandpackin:按50kg/包80kg/包自動(dòng)打包Automaticallypackmealas50kgperbag80kgperbag除塵Dustremoving:設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)氣流帶走一些粕粉，利用除塵器進(jìn)行捕集Aircomingfrommachinescarrieslotsofmealpowder,andcollectthembycloneOurindustryprocessesdif

9、ferentkindsofoleaginousseeds,beans,fruitsandnutsfortheproductionofvegetableoilsmainlyforhumanconsumptionbutalsoforanimalfeedingandfortechnicalpurposesandfortheproductionofoilseedmealswhichareusedasproteinrichfeedingstuffs.Usuallycrushingplantshaveintegratedrefiningfacilitiesthatproducefattyproductsw

10、hichcanbeintendedforfood,feedortechnicalusages.Theflowchartsherebelowillustratethevariousstepsoftheoilseedsprocessingfortheproductionofmeals,crudeandrefinedoils.Beneath,themainindividualprocessingstepsaredescribedinfurtherdetail.OilseedscrushingCleaning,DryingandPreparationoftheseeds/beansAsafirstst

11、eptheseed/beaniscleanedanddried.Foreignmaterial(likestones,glassandmetal)istakenoutbysievingandmagnetsanddisposedofoutsidethefeedchain.Dryingisperformedbyavoidingcontactwithcombustiongassesunlessnaturalgasisused.Thepreparationoftheseedsbeforeanextractionstepdependsonthekindofseed/beanandtherequiredq

12、ualityofthemeal.Someoilseeds,likesoybeansandsunflowerseed,maybedehulledafterthecleaningstep.Afterdehullingthemealwillhavealowercrudefibrecontent,andhenceahigherproteincontent.Thehullscanalsobeusedforfeedingpurposes,assuchorinpelletizedform.CrushingandHeatingInthepast,crushingwasdonebetweenmillstones

13、thatlaterbecamesteelrolls.Hencethefactoriesareknownasoilmillsandtheprocessasoilmillingoroilcrushing.Seedswithahighoilcontent,likerapeseedandsunflowerseed,areusuallymechanicallypressedinexpellersafterapreheatingstepinindirectlyheatedconditioners.Theexpellercake(orpressedcake)willthenbefurthertreatedi

14、ntheextractor,sinceitmightstillcontentfrom4to8oreven10percentofoil.Althoughinsomecasestheexpellercakeisnotfurtherextractedbutafterdeepexpellingsoldassuchforfeedpurposes.Theexpellerworksasfollows:theoilbearingmaterialisfedintooneendofacylinderwithinwhichapower-drivenwormconveyorforcesthematerialtothe

15、otherendofthecylinderandoutagainstresistance.Thepressureexertedintheprocesssqueezesouttheoil.Soybeans,witharelativelylowoilcontent,arethermallytreated,mechanicallycrushedandusedasrawmaterial/flakesforfurtherextraction.Sometimestherawmaterialispressedwithoutheating;suchoilsareknownascold-pressedoils.

16、Sincecoldpressingdoesnotextractalltheoil,itispracticedonlyintheproductionofafewspecialedibleoils,i.e.oliveoil.DegummingCrudeoilshavingrelativelyhighlevelsofphosphatides(e.g.,soybeanoil)maybedegummedpriortorefiningtoremovethemajorityofthosephospholipidcompounds.Duringthedegummingprocessthecrudeoilist

17、reatedwithalimitedamountofwaterinordertohydratethephosphatidesandthenseparatethembycentrifugation.Afterthedegummingprocess,thecrudeoilisdried.Soybeanoilisthemostcommonoiltobedegummed;thephospholipidsareoftenrecoveredandfurtherprocessedtoyieldavarietyoflecithinproducts.PressedcrudeoilTheresultingpres

18、sedcrudeoilcanbeconsumedassuchorbefurtherrefined.SolventextractionSolventextractionisusedtoseparateoilfromseeds/beanswiththeprincipleistoemployavolatileliquidinwhichtheoilisfreelysoluble.Thecommonsolventusedbycrushersishexane*.Thepre-processedseeds/beansaretreatedinamultistagecounter-currentprocessw

19、ithsolventuntiltheremainingoilcontentisreducedtothelowestpossiblelevel.*HexaneinaccordancewithCouncilDirective88/344/EEConextractionsolventsusedintheproductionoffoodstuffsandfoodingredients.RemovingofsolventbydistillationThemiscella,amixtureofoilandsolvent,isseparatedbydistillationintotwocomponents,

20、oilandsolvent.Thesolventisrecycledintotheextractionprocess.ExtractedcrudeoilCrudeoilsobtainedbypressingand/orextractionaresometimesuseddirectlyforfoodandfeedpurposes.Inmostcases,however,thecrudeoilsarerefinedinamultistageprocess.Crudeoilsmightcontainsubstancesandtracecomponents,whichareundesirablefo

21、rtaste,stability,appearance,andodourormayinterferewithfurtherprocessing.Thesesubstancesandtracecomponentsincludeseedparticles,impurities,phosphatides,carbohydrates,proteins,andtracesofmetals,pigments,waxes,oxidationproductsoffattyacids,polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsandpesticideresidues.Internalspeci

22、ficationsdevelopedbytheoilsandfatssectorstipulatethatcrudeoilsshouldmeetcertainqualityrequirements.Infact,thisisakeystepinensuringthatwhenrefiningisappliedtothisrawmaterial,thefullyrefinedoilissuitableforhumanconsumption.DesolventingandToastingThehexane-containingmealistreatedinthedesolventisingtoasterwiththehelpofindirectheatingandsteam.Thedesolventisingtoastingprocessservesthreepurposes.Firstly,to