名?？疾┯⒄Z詞匯文件

1、考博英語詞匯（1）第一部分詞匯經(jīng)歷策略全腦活化人類左右腦分析比較：左腦：意識、低速、一般閱讀、知識、知覺、知性、邏輯右腦：無意識、超高速、速讀、制造力、視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺、味覺、圖像、色彩、 直覺右腦具備左腦沒有的專門機(jī)能：超高速大量經(jīng)歷機(jī)制圖像化機(jī)能超高速演算機(jī)能共振共鳴機(jī)能舉例講明：132623182830152111241922131425詞匯經(jīng)歷策略：聯(lián)方法、串聯(lián)法、構(gòu)詞法、近義詞、近形詞、易混淆詞、加減詞、固定搭配euthanasia, chrysanthemumflowerrose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea

2、, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, receivedeceiveconceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)tumblestumble （tumbleinto/through 跌倒；stumbleover / on 腳下拌到東西而跌倒）stationarystationery （文具，如筆pen,鉛筆pencil中含有e, 故見到e就想起是文具。）genius genuine (含有us的是天才，因為我們是天才?。×硪粋€確實是“真正的”),formdeform確（形狀；變形）attach to第二

3、部分實例練習(xí)聯(lián)方法carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau串聯(lián)法network:Internetcyberspaceemaile-commercewebsiteon-linehomebrowseretrievelog on構(gòu)詞法-age （狀態(tài)、特性、行為）page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, vol

4、tage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garagecoverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond 結(jié)束、約束、債券；bondage就含有“束縛、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosagelanguage, image, heritage, engage-wardinwa

5、rd, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,coward, reward, award, a- (構(gòu)成作表語用的形容詞；構(gòu)成動詞。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, acrossalike, acute, alive, asleep, awareamaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amountaffirm, acc

6、laim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow近義詞Merchants 煤商Blame forIncomeThievesDealers 買進(jìn)賣出商人Condemn forWagesBurglarsBusinessmen （廣義）商人Accuse ofSalaryRobbersTradesmen （英）店主Criticize forPayBanditsScene 特不的景象，如泰山的日出AnnounceBuyersSyntheticScenery一國一地的自然風(fēng)光PublishShoppersFalseViews特不的景象Adver

7、tiseCustomersImitationNature 強調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象Inform ClientsCounterfeitArtificialUrgent 緊急SubstituteParticularHasty 草率SelectionPeculiarMortalInstant 趕忙PreferenceSpecialFatalPrompt 快速；及時Alternative Unusual Deadly Contend 競爭；斗爭FraudPreliminaryImaginativeCompete競賽；競爭DeceivePrimaryImaginableStruggle斗

8、爭CheatElementaryImaginedConflict 斗爭Dupe Fundamental Imaginary HinderDeclinePerplexReproachPrecludeDenyPuzzleScoldDetainRejectConfuse ComplimentRetardRefuse Reprimand HamperProtractReliableFatiguedEmptyPostponeConfidentTiredBlankCancelFaithfulExhaustedVacantDelayDependent Bored Bare Adjourn 近形詞fictio

9、nfractionfrictionfunctiontumblestumblescramblehumbletrembleresumeconsumeassumepresumeresumptionconsumptionassumptionpresumptionborecoreporesoresimplifymodifyverifyrectifyjustifytestifyrectifyverifytranscriptionsubscriptionprescriptiondescriptionattributecontributedistributetributeattitudealtitudeapt

10、itudedescriptiveprescriptiveinterferenceinterruptioninterventioninteractiontransactiontransmissiontransformationtransitioncontactintactpossibilityvalidityreliabilitysecurityconceivableperceivableariseriseraisearouserespectfulrespectablerespectedrespectivedetainattainretaincertaincontainroomdoombooml

11、oomintenseintentionalintensiveintendingintendedassureensureinsurereassuresometimessome timesometimesome timeshatchcatchpatchmatchbarerarecaredarefareharebanishvanishdiminishadmonishdurabilityflexibilityversatilityhostilitycooperatecoordinatecorrelatecorrespondobservereserveconservepreservedeservepri

12、orsuperiorinferiorseniorjuniorsparrowswallowhollowsorrownarrowpillowboldcoldfoldgoldholdmoldsoldtoldmigrantimmigrantimmigrateimmigrationemigrantemigrateemigrationedgehedgewedgepledgededucereduceproduceinduceseduceprecludeexcludeincludeformdeforminformtransformconformcontemptattemptpromptexceptaccept

13、conceptperceptreceivedeceiveconceiveperceiveachievebelievegrieverelieve自測題：1. 不看講義，試一試你的經(jīng)歷力。利用聯(lián)方法，你能記住多少剛才所學(xué)的詞：1_ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _10. _ 11. _ 12. _2. 列出以下單詞的近義詞：incomemortalurgentsyntheticdeceiveretardemptyconfusebuyercontend 3. 列出以下單詞的近形詞： tumble description justify attain attr

14、ibute prior漢英對比近義詞Merchants 煤商Dealers 買進(jìn)賣出商人Businessmen （廣義）商人Tradesmen （英）店主Scene 特不的景象，如泰山的日出Scenery一國一地的自然風(fēng)光Views特不的景象Nature 強調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象Urgent 緊急Hasty 草率Instant 趕忙Prompt 快速；及時Contend 搏斗；爭奪 (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.) Compete競賽；競爭 (try to be more successful than another pe

15、rson or organization in business)compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office（爭奪公職） / againstStruggle斗爭 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedomConflict 斗爭 （兩種觀點、信仰不能同時存在，不能都正確。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with e

16、ach other.（關(guān)于發(fā)生的情況，兩個報道截然不同。）Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to developHigh invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossibleAge alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leavi

17、ng some place （拘留；扣押）Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.

18、（阻礙；推遲）Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滯了車速。）Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Womens progress in the workplace is still hampered by males attitudes.Hamper sb. from getting elected.Protract: last a

19、long time, esp. longer than usualProtracted negotiations 曠日持久的談判Protract ones stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個星期Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or dateGail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity o

20、r event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Dont delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short timeThe chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for把歸于Condemn for責(zé)備Accuse sb.

21、of sth.指責(zé)Criticize for批判Announce宣布；通知Publish發(fā)表；出版Advertise為做廣告Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替補Substitute teacher 代課教師Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of si

22、milar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb. believ

23、e sth. that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄騙；詐騙Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth. （比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，禮貌拒絕邀請）Deny:

24、She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒絕申請，觀點，打算Refuse: 拒絕邀請Turn down 拒絕（口語）Reliable可靠的；可信賴的（側(cè)重于始終如一。）Confident有信心的Faithful忠實的；可靠的（側(cè)重于“忠于”a reliable person, a faithful fighterDependent 從屬的；依靠的Income總收入Wages按周或日付

25、酬Salary月薪；年薪Pay工資Buyers買主Shoppers家庭中外出購物的人Customers顧客Clients托付人Particular: special enough to mention separatelyPeculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiarSpecial: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more i

26、mportant. a special dietunusual: different from what is usualspecial specially or especiallyspecially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or

27、more important than the other things, ( , especially when)Preliminary初步的；開始的（強調(diào)開始之前有預(yù)備工作）Primary最初的；要緊的；差不多的；沒有預(yù)備Elementary初步的；簡單的Fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的Perplex（常用被動）困惑；茫然；費解Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse

28、 sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse （常用被動）Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g. Dont give me so much information. you are confusing

29、 me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing

30、to do.e.g. Children easily get bored.Thieves小偷；竊賊Burglars潛入室內(nèi)的盜賊Robbers強盜；賊Bandits土匪；強盜（常出沒在山區(qū)、森林）Synthetic合成的False假的；人造的（強調(diào)替代品，與原物不一樣，如假牙，人造瓚石）Imitation仿造的(Beware of imitation 防備假冒)Counterfeit比Imitation更貶義Artificial人造的（強調(diào)生產(chǎn)方式，如：人工降雨）Mortal : causing death or likely to cause deathe.g. mortal injures

31、 / blow / combatFatal: resulting in sbs deathe.g. fatal accident / illness / injuresDeadly : like dead in appearancee.g. His face has a deadly palenesslikely to cause deathe.g. deadly personlethal: causing death, or having the power to cause deathe.g. a lethal dose of a drugImaginative: new and inte

32、resting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in ones mind e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative childImaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagineAll, every, onlyImagined: forming a picture o

33、r idea in your mind about what sth. could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: sb. for /with sth. for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angrye.

34、g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.Compliment: sb. on sth.Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise himReprimand: sb. for sth.tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb. severe

35、ly, about sth. they have done wrong. sb. for V-ingChide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.ComplimentComplement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not

36、 being usede.g. an empty table in the corner empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left homeBlank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding;e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth. for TV; stop showing any imagesVacant: vacan

37、t seat, room empty and available for sb. to useVacant job, position empty and available for sb. to start withBare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grassDeceived欺騙Deserted遺棄Desperated 無望Disappointed失望近形詞fiction小講fraction一部分friction摩擦fun

38、ction功能；職責(zé)tumble跌倒stumble拌倒scramble攀登；爭奪humble謙虛；羞辱tremble顫抖；擔(dān)心resume中斷后重新開始consume消耗assume假定；假設(shè)；采納 (think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it. E.g. responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one) presume推測；冒昧 (think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, alt

39、hough there is no proof. E.g. sb. / sth. to be sth. / be ed to do sth. / to do sth.resumption恢復(fù)consumption消費assumption假定；臆斷；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption傲慢；推測；假定 (disrespectful or impolite b

40、ehavior that shows you are too confident)boreV.鉆孔 n. 孔corev. 使厭煩n. 令人討厭的事porev. 凝視n. 毛孔 a. 多孔的sorea. 疼痛的n. 痛處；潰瘍simplify簡化modify更改對某物作略微修改使其完善verify證實rectify糾正；把不中意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況justify證明是有道理的testify證明rectify糾正；把不中意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況verify證實transcription:抄寫；翻譯；副本subscription： 捐贈；訂閱；認(rèn)購；prescription藥方；指

41、令description：描述；描繪attribute把歸因于（to ）contribute捐贈；投稿contribute to有助于distribute分發(fā)；分配tribute貢品；勒索的鈔票財；頌詞attitude態(tài)度altitude高度aptitude天資；傾向latitude緯度multitude人群（a multitude of 許多）descriptive講明的prescriptive規(guī)范的；約定俗成的interference干預(yù)（強調(diào)阻礙）interruption打斷intervention介于；在中間起作用interaction相互作用transaction辦理；交易；學(xué)報；相

42、反作用transmission傳送；傳播；發(fā)送transformation轉(zhuǎn)換；改革transition變遷；過渡時期contact接觸；交往；有阻礙的熟人 （tact 圓滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact完整無缺的possibility可能性validity有效性；正確性reliability可靠性security保障；安全感conceivable可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable meansperceivable可感知的；可認(rèn)識的arise:begin to happen (problem, d

43、ifficulty)e.g. arise from= caused byrise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successfulraise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voicearouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government rai

44、se / increase the price. E.g. The government is raising the tax.Respectful尊重不人的；有禮貌的Respectable值得人們尊重的；正派的Respected受到人們尊重的Respective各自的；各個的detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〢ttain: succeed in

45、 reaching a particular level or in getting sth. after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignityCertain: 一定Contain: 容納Room 房間Doom厄運；毀滅；定罪Boom高潮，迅速進(jìn)展Loom織布機(jī)Intense強烈的Intentional有意的；有意的Intensive精細(xì)的；強化的Intending打算；意欲intendedassure: tell sb. that sth.

46、 with definitely happen.e.g. sb. that be ed of: feel certain that sth. will happenensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE. Insure)e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building. Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety. E.g. The b

47、ands latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth. bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to worry about.e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes有時some time一些時刻sometime曾經(jīng)；有朝一日som

48、e times幾次hatch孵化catch捉patch縫補match匹配bare赤裸裸的；沒有陳設(shè)的 （揭露）rare稀薄的；稀少的；煎的care小心；關(guān)懷dare敢于fare車船費；乘客；伙食hare野兔banish禁止出入；驅(qū)逐出境；清除；消除（疾?。﹙anish突然不見； 逐漸消逝diminish減少；貶低admonish 警告；告誡；忠告durability耐用性flexibility變通性；靈活性versatility多才多藝；多功能hostility敵意；敵視co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同)cooperate合作coordinate協(xié)調(diào)correl

49、ate相關(guān)correspond相符合collaborate協(xié)作 （與cooperate同，但多用于科學(xué)和藝術(shù)）observe觀看reserve保留座位conserve愛護(hù)；節(jié)約preserve保留deserve值得prior首先的superior優(yōu)先的inferior次要的senior高級的junior初級的exterior外部的interior內(nèi)部的sparrow麻雀swallow燕子hollow空的sorrow悲傷narrow窄的pillow枕頭arrow箭bold勇敢的cold冷的fold折疊；褶gold金hold握mold模式sold賣出told告訴migrant移居者immigran

50、t入境移民immigrate作為移民定居immigration移居；（總稱）外來移民emigrant出境移民emigrate移居外國emigration遷移出境；（總稱）移民edge邊沿hedge矮樹籬笆；障礙物wedge 鍥子；鍥形物；情況的起因pledge誓言；典押；保人deduce推斷；演繹reduce減少produce生產(chǎn)induce引誘；引起；導(dǎo)致；歸納seduce唆使；引入歧途preclude排除；杜絕；阻止exclude除外include包括form形式deform變形inform通知transform轉(zhuǎn)變conform一致contempt輕視attempt企圖prompt促使；

51、推動；激起敏捷的except除accept同意concept概念percept感知；認(rèn)知receive收到deceive欺騙conceive含有perceive知覺；意識到；把看作(perceive as / take as / regard as / see as )achieve獲得believe相信grieve悲痛relieve放松lilac n. 淺紫色antique violet n. 古紫色pansy n. 紫羅蘭色white n. 白色off-white n. 灰白色ivory n. 象牙色snowy white n. 雪白色oyster white n. 乳白色gray n.

52、灰色charcoal gray n. 炭灰色smoky gray n. 煙灰色misty gray n. 霧灰色5種常見的英語邀請函Dear sir/madam: Im delighted you have accepted our invitation to speak at the Conference in city on date. As we agreed, youll be speaking on the topic from time to time. There will be an additional minutes for questions.Would you plea

53、se tell me what kind of audio-visual equipment youll need. If you could let me know your specific requirements by date, Ill have plenty of time to make sure that the hotel provides you with what you need. Thank you again for agreeing to speak. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours,name

54、titleDear sir/madam: Thank you for your letter of date. Im glad that you are also going to place next month. It would be a great pleasure to meet you at the exhibition/trade fair.Our company is having a reception at hotel on the evening of date and I would be very pleased if you could attend.I look forward to he