英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件考點(diǎn)薈萃動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一直是必考點(diǎn)。主要考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境下對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的理解，其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用出現(xiàn)得最為頻繁。此外，為了增加試題的區(qū)分度，命題者還常常把動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致結(jié)合在一起考查?？键c(diǎn)薈萃動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一直是必考點(diǎn)。主要考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境在解題時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：1這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？2這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)？是進(jìn)行中，還是已結(jié)束(完成)？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語(yǔ)信息有哪些？3這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？只要全面細(xì)致地考慮了這些問題，試題的答

2、案也就水落石出了。在解題時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或真理，客觀事實(shí)等。He goes to school every day.His home is in shanghai, but he stays in beijing at the moment.2.用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來。I will call you as soon as i get there.3.少數(shù)表示動(dòng)作起止的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The meeting begins at seven.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)4. 書

3、報(bào)的標(biāo)題，故事小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The scene changes back to the park.5.表示狀態(tài)或感覺的動(dòng)詞，如belive,love,feel,guess,hope等 she loves music and dance.6. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常有經(jīng)常，長(zhǎng)久之意；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)的暫時(shí)動(dòng)作。We go to work by car.He is walking to wark for his car is being repaired.4. 書報(bào)的標(biāo)題，故事小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)7.表示具有持續(xù)性的現(xiàn)在發(fā)生行為（多為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）I ag

4、ree with you completely.8.表示與說話時(shí)間幾乎同事發(fā)生或完成的短暫行為（多為表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞），一般用于體育實(shí)況報(bào)道等First I put the butter into a plan, and then I break two eggs into a bowl.9.表示過去發(fā)生的事情，以加強(qiáng)敘述的生動(dòng)。 He rushes into the buring house,picks up the boy.7.表示具有持續(xù)性的現(xiàn)在發(fā)生行為（多為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件一般將來時(shí)3.用表示位移的動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如：comin

5、g, leaving, returning, going, starting, opening, arriving等He is leaving on the New York flight.4. be about to do sth. 表示馬上其后不再接時(shí)間We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit her.5. be to do sth. 表示預(yù)先的計(jì)劃和說話者的意志和命令。星期六要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。There is to be a sports meet on Saturday.我們準(zhǔn)備在學(xué)校大門口見面。We are to meet a

6、t the school gate.一般將來時(shí)3.用表示位移的動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如：comi一般將來時(shí)6. 表示“往來、出發(fā)、到達(dá)”等動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。The bus leaves at 5:30.when do you start on the tour.一般將來時(shí)6. 表示“往來、出發(fā)、到達(dá)”等動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。安靜點(diǎn)，我正在接電話！Be quite.Im answering the phone.He is visiting Sydney this week.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示“按計(jì)劃安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”My fath

7、er is coming to see me next week.注意：smell,taste,sound,feel, look等系動(dòng)詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。The meat smells/tastes good! arrive,come,go,leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來！現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。He was reading while she was setting the table.2.與always, continually, frequently等詞連用，表示過

8、去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，具有濃厚的感情色彩。The old man was always telling that old story.3.表示過去打算實(shí)現(xiàn)，但未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作I was coming, but I missed the last bus.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞有：1. 表示狀態(tài)的詞：be, stay, remain, exist, belong to2.表示心理的詞：remember, know, believe, understand, please, like, agree, wish, hope, appreciate, re

9、cognize, care, hate, love, fear 3.大多非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞無進(jìn)行時(shí)：accept, allow, decide, give, refuse, end4. 感官動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)：see, look, hear, notice, smell, feel不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞有：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，句中沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。He has gone to Fuzhou.He has been to Fuzhou.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常用f

10、or+一段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in the past+時(shí)間段。He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1990.He has studied English in the past 5 years.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3. 句中有already, yet, just, never, ever等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They have already finished their work.She has just arrived here.4.注意：短暫動(dòng)

11、詞不與帶有for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。His father has died for 8 years.(錯(cuò))His father has been died for 8 years.(對(duì))His father died 8 years ago.(對(duì))5.在It is the first/ second time that句型中，that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have been here. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3. 句中有already, yet, just,過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。只有在

12、與過去時(shí)間相比較時(shí)，才能使用過去完成時(shí)。1、過去完成時(shí)+before/when/by the time+一般過去時(shí)When we got there, the plane had already left.The plane had already left before we got there.2.一般過去時(shí)+after/until+過去完成時(shí)They went simming after they had finished their homework.3.hope, plan, mean, expect, suppose, think 等動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)表示本打算做而實(shí)際沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的

13、事。I had hoped to help you, but I couldnt get there in time.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。只有二、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如：On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 二、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析如：2019重慶卷 The palace

14、caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.AremainsBis remainedCis remainingDhas been remained【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞用法及時(shí)態(tài)。remain作不及物動(dòng)詞用，表示“剩下，仍有”，只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。如：2一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days. The

15、n I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)2一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2019北京卷 Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I _m

16、yself clear. We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt makeCdont make Dhavent made【解析】 D本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和情景交際。答句句意為：抱歉，我還沒有把我的意思表達(dá)明白，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。2019北京卷 Im sorry，but I d3一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或過去存在的狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在做某事。進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。3一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)如：I read a book last month.

17、(書已經(jīng)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完)I was reading a book last month. (書未讀完)Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _it this morning. Adid Bhas doneCwas doing Dhad done【解析】 C此題容易誤選A。根據(jù)I have no idea這一關(guān)鍵信息可知，說話者對(duì)是否完成并不知道，因此用進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示今天上午在做。如：4一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)判斷是不是過去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示“過去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作，然后判斷在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前還有沒有另一個(gè)動(dòng)作

18、，并且判斷該句是否強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在前。The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.4一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)反映主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的一種關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，句子通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式體現(xiàn)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)形式；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同的時(shí)態(tài)通過 be 的不同形式體現(xiàn)。其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成方法與普通的及物動(dòng)詞的

19、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方法相同。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)課件12019上海卷 The church tower which_will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis being restored【解析】 D本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。restore意為“修復(fù)”，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中，選D。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練12019上海卷 The church tower22009北京卷 John was given the

20、same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. Atook Bhad takenCwere taking Dwould take【答案】 B32009遼寧卷 Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_ all day. Could you speak to her now? Aphones Bhas phonedChas been phoning Dphoned【解析】 C考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。由all day可以看出一直在打電話，此時(shí)仍然在打，過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

21、在并仍在進(jìn)行，選C。22009北京卷 John was given t42009天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Alive Blived Cwere living Dwill live【解析】 A考查時(shí)態(tài)。后句意思為：他們出生在香港，從來沒有在別的地方住過。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說明事實(shí)，選A。42009天津卷 My parents _52009江蘇卷 Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _kn

22、ow. I _go and visit her. Adidnt; am going to Bdont; wouldCdont; will Ddidnt; will【解析】 D由答語(yǔ)中的“Oh, really？”可以看出，“我”是剛剛知道的，所以用I didnt know表示現(xiàn)在之前不知道。A項(xiàng)中的am going to表示“說話時(shí)早有的打算”，而D項(xiàng)中的will則表示“說話時(shí)臨時(shí)的打算”。52009江蘇卷 Ann is in hospi62009上海卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _not to touch

23、any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warningDalways warned【解析】 B根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知是指過去，be always doing sth.表示“一種感情色彩”，并且人們與警告之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，選B。62009上海卷 During the period72019全國(guó)卷 Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. Abe set BsetCare set Dare setting【解析】 C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。make sure意為“確信，確?！?，set tables意為“擺放桌子”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式。72019全國(guó)卷 Linda，make sure82019全國(guó)卷 Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. Adidnt realize Bdont realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。這