交流 小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)建議課件

1、小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)建議魯子問華中師范大學(xué) 教授 國家英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專家組成員詞匯：學(xué)什么？詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容語義書面語、口語形式語法行為(grammatical behavior) 搭配(collocations) 語域(register)關(guān)聯(lián)屬性(association) 詞頻 (frequency) 詞形 book, books, booking, booked 讀音 /bk/ /bks/ /bki/ /bkt/詞性 1. 名詞；2.動詞語義：book = “書”嗎？搭配：cook the book, closed book連用：book語法行為：book語域：名詞所有語域，動詞較正式語域詞頻：名

2、詞為口筆前1000詞，動詞為口語前2000詞語用：名詞可在正式與非正式場合使用 動詞用于正式語篇使用多于非正式語篇確定詞匯教學(xué)內(nèi)容-book為例A Word: BookFrom Collins1 N-COUNT A book is a number of pieces of paper, usually with words printed on them, which are fastened together and fixed inside a cover of stronger paper or cardboard. Books contain information, stories

3、, or poetry, for example. His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an instant best-seller. .the author of a book on politics. .reference books. 2 N-COUNT usu N of n A book of something such as stamps, matches, or tickets is a small number of them fastened together between thin cardboard co

4、vers. Can I have a book of first class stamps please?3 VERB V n, V n n, V-ed When you book something such as a hotel room or a ticket, you arrange to have it or use it at a particular time. British officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children. Laurie revealed she had booked herself a

5、 flight home last night. .three-star restaurants that are normally booked for months in advance.4 N-PLURAL A companys or organizations books are its records of money that has been spent and earned or of the names of people who belong to it. (BUSINESS) For the most part he left the books to his manag

6、ers and accountants. Around 12 per cent of the people on our books are in the computing industry. 5 VERB V n When a referee books a football player who has seriously broken the rules of the game, he or she officially writes down the players name. League referee Keith Cooper booked him in the first h

7、alf for a tussle with the goalie.10 PHRASE v-link PHR If you say that someone or something is a closed book, you mean that you do not know anything about them. Frank Spriggs was a very able man but something of a closed book. Economics was a closed book to him.11 PHRASE v-link PHR If a hotel, restau

8、rant, theatre, or transport service is fully booked, or booked solid, it is booked up. The car ferries from the mainland are often fully booked by February.12 PHRASE PHR with cl In my book means in my opinion or according to my beliefs. The greatest manager there has ever been, or ever will be in my

9、 book, is retiring.13 to cook the books If you say that someone has cooked the books, you mean that they have changed figures or a written record in order to deceive people. (INFORMAL)小學(xué)目標(biāo)： 第一：教材語境的基本語義 第二：教材語境的基本語法行為 第三：讀音 第四：教材語境的基本詞形詞匯：教什么？通過教材語境，掌握詞匯用法，能運用所學(xué)詞匯在類似教材語境理解與表達(dá)小學(xué)詞匯教學(xué)重點詞匯運用能力詞匯搭配詞匯讀音，尤

10、其是對于母語不是拼音文字的漢族等學(xué)生詞形，小學(xué)階段存在認(rèn)知困難小學(xué)詞匯教學(xué)難點小學(xué)英語詞匯有效教學(xué)方法2. 用多種方式真實呈現(xiàn)詞匯在語境中完整呈現(xiàn)詞形、讀音、語義、語法行為、語用等同一語境用不同語音、語調(diào)反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)同一語境用不同情感、動作反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)在近似語境中反復(fù)呈現(xiàn)讀音和詞形在最近發(fā)展區(qū)之內(nèi)，擴展呈現(xiàn)在生活相關(guān)話題，擴展呈現(xiàn)A lesson.4. 用簡單語句強化新學(xué)詞匯形成對新學(xué)詞匯的強刺激，有助于記憶新學(xué)詞匯強刺激可以是強烈的語境，如teacher都可以通過強語境形成強刺激但語句結(jié)構(gòu)一定要簡單，才能不影響強刺激的記憶效果若語句結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜，則會導(dǎo)致對結(jié)構(gòu)的記憶Im a teacher.Im a

11、 teacher.Im a teacher.5. 基于課文或故事進(jìn)行詞匯運用訓(xùn)練基于已掌握簡單結(jié)構(gòu)訓(xùn)練新詞匯基于語境訓(xùn)練與運用基于話題訓(xùn)練與運用所有訓(xùn)練與運用都應(yīng)有語篇意識，一切在語篇基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練詞不離句，句不離篇比如一節(jié)課的所有詞匯例句都在一個故事背景下展開Im 2 years old.6. 基于詞匯圖訓(xùn)練詞義理解體驗語篇中的詞匯讀音體驗語境中的詞匯節(jié)奏、讀音、重音等，培養(yǎng)語感訓(xùn)練語篇、語境中的節(jié)奏、讀音、重音等，培養(yǎng)語感8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開展詞匯教學(xué)：聽語篇中接觸詞匯詞形、語法行為、搭配連用等語篇中理解詞匯的語義語境中建立話題詞匯圖語境中綜合掌握詞匯8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開展詞匯教學(xué)：讀案

12、例：讀故事中學(xué)習(xí)shootsA panda bear walks into a restaurant. He orders the special and eats it. After eating, he pulls out a pistol, kills the waiter and starts to walk out the door.The owner gets out a dictionary and looks under the heading “panda. It reads: panda：black and white animal; eats shoots and lea

13、ves.從詞匯開始說語句有意義地說詞匯語句從詞匯到語句用圖片引導(dǎo)說用語境引導(dǎo)說8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開展詞匯教學(xué)：說語句層面的詞匯抄寫（單獨抄寫一個詞，只能訓(xùn)練詞形記憶，對于詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的作用不大）不單獨進(jìn)行無語句的單詞拼寫訓(xùn)練語篇中詞匯的運用語境中詞匯的運用主動的說能較好地遷移為有效的寫8. 結(jié)合技能教學(xué)開展詞匯教學(xué)：寫9. 復(fù)現(xiàn)強化詞匯學(xué)習(xí)注意提高詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)率讀音、詞形、用法全部要復(fù)現(xiàn)語境復(fù)現(xiàn)，同時近似語境遷移讓學(xué)生不斷檢查前面鞏固過的內(nèi)容是否掌握，讓學(xué)生形成自我鞏固的良好習(xí)慣按教材內(nèi)容順序進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)性鞏固，每一節(jié)課解決一個關(guān)鍵的基礎(chǔ)問題，形成全體學(xué)生全部達(dá)到的基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)性的詞匯必須全部掌握經(jīng)?；仡櫱懊骒柟踢^的內(nèi)容注意強化基礎(chǔ)小 結(jié)詞匯重點不是詞形和讀音，而是其語法行為、搭配與連用合理把握小學(xué)生詞匯學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)選擇真實語境方式交替呈現(xiàn)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練用簡單結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)和訓(xùn)練新詞匯一切詞匯教學(xué)應(yīng)基