大學(xué)英語精讀修訂版第四冊Book4UnitThree課件

1、Unit 3Why Do We Believe That the Earth Is Round?I. Word study1. preface (to): introduction; foreword2. gullible: credulous【記憶法】gull vt.欺騙 n.鷗，笨人gullibility易受欺騙3. superstitious: believing in superstition- Tom is very superstitious and believes the number 13 brings bad luck.- Many people have a supers

2、titious fear of the dark.4. cite: give or mention as an example(esp. by quoting from a book to support an argument, etc.)- The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument.5. widespread: popular- Personal computers are in widespread use now even in underdeveloped areas.- The problem of air p

3、ollution has attracted widespread attention. 6. advance vt.: put or bring forward- She is too shy to advance her opinion at the meeting.- In the 19th century, the new theory of the origin of life advanced by Darwin raised a storm of debate in England and other parts of the world. advanced adj. 【考點】i

4、n advance -We were told to pay the rent in advance.7. appeal vi.【考點】appeal to sb.: attract, move the feeling of-The idea of studying abroad appeals to many young people.- Bright colors appeal to children. Cf. appeal for sth. 呼吁，強烈要求幫助，支持等 plead for向人求情或替某人求情以求寬恕或同意請求等 call for 指一般的要求 -As a result of

5、 the radio _ for help for the earthquake victims, over a million pounds has been raised. a. beg b. plead c. appeal d. call 8. mentalitymental moral physical 12. citizen：一般指有某種國籍的公民 inhabitant：指某一地方的常住居民 resident：除指居民外，還可指僑民，住外使節(jié)等 civil ：市民的，民用的- She is a British citizen, but lives in India.- senior

6、citizen13. refute: prove (sb.) to be mistaken or (a statement) to be untrue-How would you refute the theory that the earth is flat?- The best way to refute the accusation of laziness is to work hark.14. invisible- invisible exports/imports:無形輸入輸出- invisible ink :隱形墨水- invisible mending :看不出的修補15. ho

7、rizon horizontal【考點】on / below the horizon - There is a tree on the horizon.- The sun had already sunk below the horizon.- Suddenly the sailors saw a ship far away on the horizon. 16. phenomenon (pl. phenomena)- The booklet gives scientific explanations to many natural phenomena.19.analogy: similari

8、ty, likeness analogue n. analogue computer模擬計算機 analogous adj.【考點】draw an analogy between: describe the similarities在之間作比喻- The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and the pump.教師打了一個比喻，把人的心臟比作唧筒by/from analogy 用類推法 e.g. argue by analogy20. prompt adj. & v. 【考點】prompt sb. to do sth.- Wha

9、t prompted him to be so generous?21. cast: send (light, shadow, etc.) on a surface- The candle cast a flickering light on the wall.- The tall tree casts a long shadow across the lawn in the late afternoon.22. exchange【考點】exchange A for B- You can exchange five apples for five eggs. in exchange (for)

10、23. statement- They need more facts to back up their statement.- His statement is vague and no one can be sure what it means. 【考點】在state that 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中that不宜省略- He stated that he had never seen the accused man.他說他從未見過被告statesman 指正派的“政治家”，不用作貶義politician 指“政治家”，主要用作貶義，指運用計謀貪圖私利的“政客”24. justify vt. prove

11、 or show (an act, statement, etc.) to be just or right- Your wish to go for a walk can not justify leaving the baby alone in the house. 你想去散步，這不能作為你把孩子獨自一人放在屋里的理由。- Mr. Hunter managed to justify his neglect of his duty on the basis of his poor health.亨特先生設(shè)法把他的失職歸于身體狀況差.- How can the government justi

12、fy the spending of millions of pounds on weapons?政府怎么來說明花百萬英鎊購買武器是有道理的？ 【考點】be justified in doing sth.: have a good reason to - You are justified in saying that.- Hes fully justified in refusing your request.25. counter 1) n. 計算器；柜臺2) adv. (與)相反，反對3) vi. & vt. : oppose 反對，反擊- They countered our prop

13、osal with one of their own.counter-1)in opposition to; against counteract2)in return counterattack3)corresponding counterpart26. exceptionally: unusually-Hes an exceptionally talented player in NBA history.-You have defended your position exceptionally well.【考點】an exception to 的一個例外- This is an exce

14、ption to the grammatical rules. with the exception of除之外-I enjoyed all Zhangs films with the exception of his Happy Time.Comparison :besides, except and except for-Besides Tom, Kate passed.-I enjoyed all his novels except his last.except for ：指除外者異于包括在內(nèi)者-Your essay is good except for the spelling.29

15、. press: demand or ask continuously; urge strongly- He looked very ill that morning and all his classmates pressed him to go and see the doctor at once.30. credulous: believing too easily in sth.- Only a credulous person would believe your stories.- Credulous people are usually easily fooled.31. bur

16、den n. vt.- I dont want to be a burden on anyone.- Ann was tired of the burden of looking after so many children.32. follow up: pursue or investigate closely; find out more about- They followed up the matter until they got results.-The editor of the newspaper thinks that this story is worth followin

17、g up.33. for the sake of: for the purpose of ( = for ones sake )for Gods sakefor any sake無論如何- He bought a house in the country for the sake of his mothers health.- I did it for your sake, I didnt care about it myself.- Ill give you a hand for your brothers sake.36. as for : with regard to, concerni

18、ng (used at the beginning of a sentence in order to introduce a topic or point that is different from what has just been said although it is related to it.)- As for you, I never want to see you here again. as to : (used not only at the beginning but the end of a sentence)- As to your brother, Ill de

19、al with him later.- We were at a loss as to what to do next.37. may well (not) : be very likely (not) to 表示“很可能”，用來修飾現(xiàn)在和將來的可能性，但不能表達選擇 may as well表達某種無可奈何的“選擇”和“委婉的- You may well think so, but may well not say so.- You might as well go home with me now.38. bring out: cause to appear; come out togeth

20、er with 使出現(xiàn); 帶出來 -She brought her mother out to the car.她把母親領(lǐng)出來走向汽車。This warm weather will bring out all the blossom on the fruit trees.這暖和的天氣會使果樹的花盛開。39. fall back on: turn to for help, use, when all else has failed He is a man to fall back on in an emergency.40. rest on: rely on; be based on Colum

21、buss decision to sail west to reach the East rested on his belief that the earth was round.41. stray (away) from: wander away from; leave (a subject) His sheep strayed away from his own fields to a neighbors. Youre straying (away) from the subject again; so please keep to the point.42. start off vi.

22、n He started off this morning without telling us where he was going.n The chairman started off on his favorite subject after attacking the first speaker.II. Vocabulary Exercise1. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _. (99.6) a. appealed b. appreciated c. applied d. approved2.

23、 Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _. (00.6) a. granted b. implied c. exaggerated d. remedied3. He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch.(98.1) a. exchange b. transmit c. transfer d. remove4. To help students understand

24、 how we see, teachers often draw an _ between an eye and a camera.(01.6) a. axis b. image c. imitation d. analogyII. Passage Reading 1. Background information1) About the author: George Orwell(1903 - 1950) a) British novelist and essayist b) stresses the importance of truth and objectivity, and the

25、need to be willing to question the trustworthiness of those from whom we take our opinions and beliefs2) George Bernard Shaw(1865 - 1950) a) Irish playwright, critic and novelistb) the greatest British dramatist since Shakespeare, the greatest satirist since Swiftc) awarded the Nobel Prize for Liter

26、ature in 19252. Introductory remarksIn this article, George Orwell uses vivid examples and analogies to support Bernard Shaws point, that is, we are more credulous today than we were in the Middle Ages. Orwell first tries to refute both the Flat earth theory and the Oval Earth theory but says his re

27、asons for thinking that the earth is round are rather weak and precarious. Then from the discussion he draws his conclusion that ours is a credulous age because much of knowledge does not rest on reasoning or experiment but on authority. Here Orwell expresses a healthy concern for the burden that th

28、e ordinary newspaper-reading citizen carries. 3. Part Division of the TextPart I (Para. 1) We are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages.Part II (Para. 2 7 ) Orwell tries to refute both the Flat earth theory and the Oval Earth theory but says his reasons for thinking t

29、hat the earth is round are rather weak and precarious.Part III (Para. 8) Much of knowledge does not rest on reasoning or experiment but on authority.3. l.6 He merely swallows this theory : He accepts this theory without question or suspicion.swallow 1) n. 燕子2) allow (food, etc.) to pass down the thr

30、oat to the stomach-He swallowed his medicine with the help of some water.- His throat was so painful that he could hardly swallow.3) accept sth. without question or protest- He will never swallow such an excuse.他永遠不會輕信這種托詞- Surely, youre not going to swallow an insult like that.你當(dāng)然不會容忍那樣的侮辱！4. l.8 T

31、here is something in what he says : there is some truth in what he says something : a thing or a person of importance - He think he is something. 他自以為了不起. something in / to: some truth or value in- There is something ( some truth, some point ) in / to what you say；Ill take your advice.5. l.32 Defeat

32、ed in the minor exchange, : 過去分詞短語作狀語，表示原因，相當(dāng)于Since I was defeated in the two less important rounds of debate, 7. l.36 bring out : show, produce- Suddenly the man brought out a gun and threatened the taxi-driver with it.- As I brought the handkerchief out of my pocket, several other objects fell out

33、.8. l.42 then bang goes my ace : (inverted sentence ) bang adv.Note : If you say bang goes something you mean it suddenly becomes obvious that it cannot now succeed or be achieved.- The dog has eaten our food bang goes dinner! (= no dinner )- Hes broken his leg, so bang goes playing football.- Half

34、way through the race I twisted my ankle, so bang went my chance of winning.9. l.44 finish : destroy; kill- That shock almost finished him.那一驚幾乎把他嚇死- The flu almost finished the old man.- The Watergate scandal finished Nixons political career.10. l.55 bother : take the trouble; trouble oneself- Dont

35、bother about my breakfast, Im not hungry in the least.- After writing an article, he never bothers to go over it again.- On her mothers 80th birthday, Myra would not even bother to buy her a gift.11. l.58 in a way : to a certain degree; in a certain but limited manner- In a way I agree with you, but

36、 I think you could have presented your argument in a much better way.- He considers himself a great singer, and in a way he is justified.IV. Useful Collocations and Expressions 1. the widespread belief廣為流傳的信念 2. the average man普通人 3. ocular proof憑觀察得出的結(jié)論 4. newspaper-reading citizen報紙的讀者 5. refute a

37、 theory駁斥一個理論 6. stand by the seashore站在海邊 7. say against反駁 8. by observation通過觀察 9. cast a shadow投下陰影10. minor exchanges小小的交鋒11. to ones delight讓人高興的是12. go round環(huán)繞13. precarious reasons不牢靠的理由14. at this level在這個水平上15. rest on authority依賴權(quán)威16. a credulous age輕信的年代V. Homework 1. Review the language

38、points discussed in class 2. Study the writing style and method of this article 3. Finish the exercises related to the textTeaching Steps of the Last Period:I. Review1. Make sentences with some important phrases2.Retell the text in own words “Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round ” is one of a series of short essays Orwell wrote for British periodicals in the 1940s. In it he