高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)(定稿)-精講版課件

1、高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)Humourous Moments The Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) Presidentof the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow

2、Who Is the Laziest?Father: Well, Tom, I asked your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class?Tom: I dont know, Father.Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls are reading and writing, who sits in class and only watches how the o

3、ther people work?Tom: Our teacher, father. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重，每年試題一般不低于兩道。 命題思路有三種：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生能根據(jù)其作出選擇；二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇，而需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行判斷；三是沒(méi)有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出正確判斷。 在歷年有關(guān)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考題中，共涉及了七種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其中以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考得最多。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。知識(shí)梳理一、命題特

4、點(diǎn) 高考命題中往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和時(shí)態(tài)干擾。 考生答題時(shí)要認(rèn)真研讀題干，尋找盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是句中其他動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，以及修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)信息等等。關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題，做題時(shí)應(yīng)首先根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定是否是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，然后再根據(jù)有關(guān)時(shí)間信息確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。 還要注意的是不及物動(dòng)詞是不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)中。知識(shí)梳理二、應(yīng)考策略最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to

5、now, in the past years, , recently lately， 一般過(guò)去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過(guò)去進(jìn)行from nine to ten last evening when, while 過(guò)去完成before, by, 一般將來(lái)next, tomorrow, in 過(guò)去將來(lái)多用在間接引語(yǔ)中表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now

6、and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾。1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年遼寧卷） was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called2.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在以when, till

7、/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全國(guó)卷） A. rain B. rains C. wil

8、l rain D. is raining二、對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過(guò)去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒(méi)有說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。 I bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to

9、 study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sentnowbought三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查由上下文語(yǔ)境表示時(shí)間。1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare2)Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half pr

10、ice. （2004年浙江卷34題）has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down3) Are you still busy?Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish B. am just finishing Chave just finished D. am just going to finish4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People

11、 _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change四、對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查I was walking down the street when it beg

12、an to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow1.把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中考查。如果主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)談話背景；動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. hav

13、e waited2.把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語(yǔ)境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全國(guó)卷）A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3.考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A. has written B. wrote C. had written

14、D. was writing五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語(yǔ)連用。I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in Danghu High Sch

15、ool for nearly 9 years ever since then.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhave taught/have been teaching1993now19989 years5 years1) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005湖北)were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide2)

16、 Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005重慶） has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 3)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.（2004全國(guó)卷）hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt bee

17、n cleaned注：由終止性動(dòng)詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但這些終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與for或since短語(yǔ)連用。Eg. I havent met him for two years. 3.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有

18、影響。 Where _the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; putThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查構(gòu)成: have / has been+ doin

19、g概念: 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞（finish, marr

20、y, get up, come, go等）一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)：已完成性強(qiáng)調(diào)：持續(xù)性，未完成性1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A

21、. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 七、對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)，經(jīng)常以“過(guò)去”為背景，要想表達(dá)比這一背景更早的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!had sold gotNow過(guò)去的過(guò)去 George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did th

22、ey have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)有：把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在含有when, before, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中考查。1) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already h

23、idden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或by the time + 從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）的句子里考查。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed1.-Do

24、 you work here? -No, I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary comes.just help outB. have just helped outC. am just helping outD. will just help out舉一反三破定勢(shì)造成思維定式的干擾因素：comes從現(xiàn)主將誤選just完成時(shí)標(biāo)志誤選B題眼：I dont really work here暫時(shí)性工作正確選項(xiàng) CJust 的多義：剛正只不過(guò)引起祈使句2. I_in London for many years，but Ive never

25、 regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重慶卷). lived B. was livingC. have lived D. had lived造成思維定勢(shì)的干擾因素：for many years完成時(shí)標(biāo)志誤選C/D解題關(guān)鍵：For many years 與現(xiàn)在無(wú)聯(lián)系一般過(guò)去時(shí)A一句辨析：用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It/This is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It

26、 was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the+最高級(jí)+ that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have

27、 been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost

28、a month. BD被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài)Present/ past simple(一般現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去時(shí)) We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _. Milk _. Summary (總結(jié)): is / was +done (p.p)was watched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayPresent/ past future(一般將來(lái)時(shí)/ 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)) Will/ would be done新電腦下周將投入使用。The new computers will be used n

29、ext week.媽媽告訴我我的自行車明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.Present/ past progressive (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)) am/ is /are being donewas/ were being done中國(guó)國(guó)家大劇院正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中。The National Opera Building is being built at present. Present/ past perfect (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)) has/ have been donehad bee

30、n done這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)得到了圓滿的解決。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的時(shí)候，牛奶已經(jīng)賣完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比較： rise是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise是及物動(dòng)詞。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened

31、 last week.The accident happened last week.(錯(cuò))(對(duì))(錯(cuò))(對(duì))(錯(cuò))(對(duì)) 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 過(guò)去分詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí): be(was/ were) + p.p.一般將來(lái)時(shí): will be + p.p.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): would be + p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):be(was/ were )+ being+

32、 p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has+ been + p.p.過(guò)去完成時(shí):had + been + p.p.高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay說(shuō)明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在 bef

33、ore 從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，故只能選D。說(shuō)明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的。”很明顯該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。DC3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lose說(shuō)明：sell 本身是及物動(dòng)詞但當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，表示的是事物的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)，以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。類似的詞還有：wash, translate, write 等。說(shuō)明：los