grammar 全省一等獎-精講版課件

1、Grammar and usage To-infinitiveFigure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part.To know everything is to know nothing. It is easier to get money than to keep it.Eat to live, but not live to eat.什么都知道一如什么都不知道。掙錢容易，攢錢難。吃飯是為了生活，但活著不是為了吃飯。I. The to-infinitive can be1. subject

2、 of a sentenceTo see is to believe.百聞不如一見。了解英語是一回事， 會英語是另一回事。_ something about English is one thing; _ English is quite another.先制定個計劃是個好主意。_ a plan first is a good idea.To knowto knowTo make學(xué)好英語很難。_ is difficult.= It is difficult _.再見到你真高興。Its a great pleasure to see you again.To study English well

3、to study English wellTip:動詞不定式和不定式短語做主語時，常用it做形式主語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +形容詞或名詞（或詞組）+不定式短語。這時的形容詞常為easy, difficult, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, necessary, impossible, important 等。名詞或詞組常為a fact, a great day, a great thing, a pity 等。如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者，可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +形容詞+for sb +不定式短語。如：

4、Mr White thinks that it is right for rich people to help poor people.但如果表語是kind, nice, clever, wise, foolish, careless 等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格品質(zhì)的形容詞時,則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個of引導(dǎo)的短語,而不用for, 句型結(jié)構(gòu)為: It is +形容詞+ of sb. + 不定式短語。如：Its kind of you to help me with my math.固定結(jié)構(gòu)It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.(做某事花費某人多少時間)。如：他花

5、了5個月的時間學(xué)開車。 It took him five months to learn to drive.動詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞（副詞）連用，在句中做主語。如：如何使用電腦是個問題。 _ is a problem.How to use the computer2. object英語中能以不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有afford, decide, expect, hope, learn, want, offer 等。如：Indians _ hot food. (喜歡吃) They _ a map. (需要看)like to e

6、atneed to look at疑問詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可作動詞賓語。這些疑問詞是who, what, when, where, which, how等。和這結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞（詞組）有find out, decide, know, tell, forget, understand, wonder等。如：我不知道如何用電腦。 I dont know how to use a computer. We havent decided _. (什么時候開始）when to start1. I couldnt decide _. (買哪輛自行車)2.Ask him _. (什么時候把它打開)3.I t

7、old her _. (怎么找到我)which bicycle to buywhen to open ithow to find me3. object complement1) 動詞+賓語+帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。常見的這類動詞（詞組）有ask, teach, tell, want, like, ask for, wait for, advise, invite, have, warn, wish, get等。如：Who taught you to play the piano?He told me not to bring you anything.2) 動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式作

8、賓語補足語。用于這結(jié)構(gòu)的是使役動詞和感官動詞，如feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have等。這些動詞后賓語補足語不用to; 在動詞help后的不定式賓語補足語，to可有可無。如：我們看男孩子們踢足球。We watched the boys play football.It was raining heavily outside. The father made _ (讓孩子們呆在房間里）in the room.the children stayTip:hear, listen to, see, loo

9、k at, watch, notice, make, have等在被動語態(tài)中，不定式作賓語補足語必須加上to; let不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.-Yes, she is often seen to help the old man with his housework.4. attribute動詞不定式作定語時，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him somethi

10、ng to eat.若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。如：She has no house to live in.沒有要擔(dān)心的事了。 There is nothing to worry about.1. I havent got a chair _.A. to sit B. for to sit onC. to sit on D. for sitting2. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person_.to send B. for sending itC. to

11、send it to D. for sending it to4. Lets find a box _.A. for us to put the box in it B. to put the books in C. to put the books in it D. to put the books5. Because of air pollution being reduced, this city is still_.a good place for livinglived as a good placea good place to live inliving in as a good

12、 place此外，不定式還可用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。他是第一個飛越大西洋的人。He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.Columbus was the first _ the New Continent.to have discoveredto discoverdiscovering having discoveredthe first/ next/ last/ best這樣的詞語時, 后面用to do.5. predicative動詞不定式用在連系動詞后，作表語。常見的連系動詞有be, seem

13、等。常見句型：主語+be+ to do sth.It seems to be an interesting book.我的工作是幫助病人。My job is to help the patient. 6. adverbial1) 表示目的。(not) to do sth.也可用in order (not) to do sth./so as (not) todo sth代替，但so as (not) todo sth不放在句首。如：You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets. She expla

14、ined the word again with some examples in order to make herself understood.In order to/To make herself understood, she explained the word again with some examples.2) 表示結(jié)果。動詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時常與副詞too或enough連用。如：Its too heavy for little Tom to carry. Is the river deep enough to swim in?II.不定式的基本形式時態(tài)/語態(tài)主動被動一般

15、式 to doto be done進行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been doneShe was too surprised _ (see) how angry her father was.I plan to attend the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow.He pretended _ (sleep) when I came in.to seeto be heldto be sleepingIm terribly sorry _ (keep) you waiting.Harry Potter series of nove

16、ls are said _ (translate) into dozens of languages.to have keptto have been translatedWhats more1. Why not, Will you please, Youd better, would rather, let后不用to, 直接跟動詞原形。You look rather tired. Why not _ (stop) to take a rest?Will you please _ (turn) it down? Its too noisy.stopturn你最好騎車去學(xué)校。Youd bette

17、r go to school by bike._ (我寧愿待在家里), doing nothing than go to the party with him.I would rather stay at home2.如果兩個或多個不定式并列使用時，常在第一個不定式前面加to，后面一般都省略。 如：and, but*, or, except后。He wants to do nothing but _ (go) out.注：He wants to believe anything but _ (take) the medicine.goto takeIII. consolidationTurn

18、to page 9 and complete the letter.Report the letter to your desk mate, using your own language. 動詞不定式 綜合鞏固練習(xí) 高考鏈接 My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. （2007江蘇） A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 高考鏈接Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her

19、 this weekend?（2007遼寧） A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit Test yourselfWe were told to have our reading room _ after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleanedPaul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. lea

20、rningTest yourselfJane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing 高考鏈接The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! （2007遼寧） A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving Test yourself She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to seeB. not seeing C. to not

21、 seeD. having not seen I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try goingB. trying to go C. to try and goD. try goingI went to see him, _ him out. A. findingB. find C. only to findD. foundTest yourself Test yourselfAre you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday?A. hold

22、ingB. holdC. will be heldD. to be heldCharles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventingC. to have invented D. having inventedJane is said _ to China three times. She loves China so much. A. to have been B. to have gone C. to go D. be inAs a young fashion model, s

23、he was not yet used _ in public. A. to be looked at B. to being looked at C. being looked at D. to look atI remember putting the bike in front of the building, but it is nowhere _. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. to be findingDoes your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _. A. C.

24、 so D. thatB. toHe gave us some advice on how_ English. A. learning B. learned D. learnC. to learnMrs. Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never driveWu Dong wanted to surf on the Internet, but his father told him _ . A. not to do B. not do it C. do not toD. not toThey knew her very well. They had seen her_ up from childhood. B. grew C. w