2008年考研英語一真題及解析

1、年招英語（一）試SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedbl ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poandmarkA, B,C orD The tsomegroupsofpeoplemaybe nothers is oneof those t dare speakits name.But Gregory Cochranis1tosay年招英語（一）試SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedbl

2、ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poandmarkA, B,C orD The tsomegroupsofpeoplemaybe nothers is oneof those t dare speakits name.But Gregory Cochranis1tosayitanyway. Het 2bird,ascientist whoindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizethetsomediseasesnot 4thoughttohaveacausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuch

3、controversywhenit5he,however, mighttrembleat the6 ofwhatheisaboutto do.Together nothertwoscientists,hepublishinga rwhichnotonly tone groupof humanity is n theothers, but the ssbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin 8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope. sis natural Thisgroup generallydowell inIQtest

4、,912-15 sabovethe 10 value of100,and havecontributed 11to ellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe 12 oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-scientists,13 .Theyalsosuffermorenmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14 ,havepreviouslybeen thoughtunrelated.Theformer hasbeen

5、 15to l suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an) 17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.t elligenceanddiseasesy 18 .Hisargument ttheunusualhistoryofpeople has19 them to unique evolutionary ve his 20 e of 2.A unique 3.A of5.A Only6.A thought 7.A advises 8.Aprogress 9.A 10.A B B B B B B B B B B C

6、C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D yD D D D D put C sC C 11.A unconsciouslyB yC 12.A mis13.A affirm 14.A15.A given B B B B got C C C carried 116.A assessing 18.A linked 19.A limited20.A B B C C C C C D D D D D B ReadingPart Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Marky

7、our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 poWhilestillcatchinguptomeninsome16.A assessing 18.A linked 19.A limited20.A B B C C C C C D D D D D B ReadingPart Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 poWhilestillcatchinguptomeninsomes

8、pheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadeastundesirablecategory.“WomenareparticularlysusceptibletoandanxietydisordersNewYorksresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefAdministrationStudiesofnimalsandhumanshavetsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,females under stress to produce

9、 more of the trigger n do males under the same conditions. severalofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemaletheirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseoftheans)Addingtoawomansincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“Itstwomendontcopeaswell.Itstthey h

10、aveso oretocopewith,”saysDr. “Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbenmens,”sheobserves,“its ttheyre withsomanymoret ewornoutfromitmorevisiblyand Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifference nthesexes.“Itthe kinds of twomenareto tend tooreofachronic orrepeatednature.Mengoto warandareedtocombatstress.Mened tomo

11、re acts of random . The kinds t women are totend tobe indomestic situations,by,y,parents orother family members,and they tend nottoone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tcomesfrom theselonger relationshipscan bequite AdelineAlvarezmarriedat 18andgave birth toason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege. “Istruggled alo

12、tgetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchttwasmy ,togotoschool,andgetanddobetter.”Later,her marriageendedandshebecameasinglemother. “Itsthehardestthingtotakecareofteenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to Noteveryonethekindsofseverechronicstress

13、esAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodaylotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarezsexperiencedemonstratesimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourndyour ability to 21. Which of the following is true according to two 2Women are biologically more vulnerable to Women are s

14、till suffering much stress caused by C Women are more n men in with D Men and women show different inclinations Women are biologically more vulnerable to Women are still suffering much stress caused by C Women are more n men in with D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with 22. Dr.

15、 Yehudas research t women need extra doses of chemicals to handle have limited capacity for tolerating are more capable of avoiding D are ed to more 23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be domestic and irregular and durable and trivial and 24. The sentence “I lived from p

16、aycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) Alvarez cared about nothing but making Alvarezs salary barely covered her household Alvarez got paychecks from different Alvarez paid practically everything by 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the Strain of Stress: No Way Response to Stre

17、ss: Gender t C ysis: What Chemicals D Gender Inequality: nder It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working he laboratory would submit resultsoftheirresearchtoajournal. Ajournaleditorwouldthenremove theauthorsnamesandaffiliationsthe randsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecom

18、mentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptpr for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers knowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetotheNo longer. ernetand re from funding agencies, who are questioning why l aremakingmoney resultsareality. ernmentfundedresearch

19、byrestricting sto itismaking sto anizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjusted a describingthefar-reachingofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityAustralia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, 3handsomeprofits.Butitgoesscient

20、ificnt.It signalsachange in s,untilnow,been akeyelementThevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthe publicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,upon distributionandreadys.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedn$7billionand$11billion.ernationaltionofScientific,handsomeprofits.But

21、itgoesscientificnt.It signalsachange in s,untilnow,been akeyelementThevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthe publicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,upon distributionandreadys.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedn$7billionand$11billion.ernationaltionofScientific,Technic

22、alandMedicaltthereare n2,000publishersworldwidehesesubjects.Theypublish n1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport, some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline. newbusinesssareemerging;threemainoneswere identifiedbythereports authors.Thereis so-called big de

23、al, where institutional subscribers pay for s to a collection of online journaltitles icensingagreements.Thereis open-spublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthoremployer)to pay for thertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-sarchives,as universities ernational pport institutional itories. Other s t

24、are ofthesethree,such asdelayed open-s,wherejournalsallowonly subscriberstoreada r for months,beforemaking itfreely availableto howishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangetheformof thepeer-revieweastforthepublicationofparagraph, the author discusses the background information of journal the publication routi

25、ne of laboratory the relations of authors with journal D the traditional s of journal 27. Which of the following is true of the OECD A It ernment-funded B an effective means of It upsets profit-making journal It benefits scientific research 28. According to the text, online publication is hat A it p

26、rovides an easier s to scientific B it brings huge profits to scientific C it emphasizes the l role of scientific D it es public investment in scientific 29. With the open-s publishing , the author of a r is required to cover the cost of its subscribe to the journal publishing allow other online jou

27、rnals to use it complete the peer-review before 30. Which of the following best summarizes the A ernet ing a threat to 4B A new mode of publication is C e the new channel for D Publication is rendered easily by heearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeheNationaltion(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.I

28、fhelayedlastseason,B A new mode of publication is C e the new channel for D Publication is rendered easily by heearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeheNationaltion(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhelayedlastseason,however, hewouldhavebeenof 42. The bodies playing major al sports have changed dra

29、matically over the years, managershavebeennwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavestoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallern140yearsago,todaysllythoseborntoswhohaveheU.S.formanygenerationsapparentlyr

30、eachedheearly1960s.Andtheyarentlikelytogetanytaller.eralpopulationtoday,atgenetic,environmentallevel,weveprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistCameron Chumlea of Wright e he case of NBA players, their increase in height toresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallove

31、rtheGrowth,which rarelycontinuesof 20, demands calories and nutrientsnotably, tofeedexpandinges.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgottheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,age,increasedinheightaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownasthesecul

32、artrendinheight.Yetaccordingtothe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height59 for men, 54 for womenhasnt really changed since 1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerhavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirth.Moreover,eventhoughhum

33、anshavebeenuprightmillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostruggletureandcannoteasilyrepeatedstrainedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealtaresetbyarchitectureoftheanism,”says anthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternumscanchange,butdontexpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,theArmyResearchCenterinNatic

34、k,Mass.,t90percentoftheuniformsionsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shet,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthof uniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanhenearfuturedesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsays 31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an tbyandlarge,“youcouldusetodaysdataandfeelle to A illu

35、strate the change of height of NBA B show the popularity of NBA he 5C compare different generations of NBA D assess the achievements mous NBA 32. Which of the followingplays akey role in body Genetic Natural Living Daily ccording to the 33. On which of C compare different generations of NBA D assess

36、 the achievements mous NBA 32. Which of the followingplays akey role in body Genetic Natural Living Daily ccording to the 33. On which of the following ementswould the authormost probably A Non-Americans add to the average height of the B Human height is conditioned by the Americans are the tallest

37、Larger babies tend he e taller in 34. Welearn from the last the near future the garment industry will reconsider the uniform the design of military uniforms will remain genetic testing will be employed in selecting the existing data of human height will still be 35. The ends l t A the change of huma

38、n height follows a cyclic B human height ing even more C Americans have reached their genetic growth D etic pattern of Americans has In 1784,five yearsbeforeheofthe Unitedes,e Washington,52,nearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteeth mouths of his slaves.tsafardifferentimagefromthecherry-

39、tree-ohisjawhavingextractedthemfromemostpeoplerememberfromhistory books. But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery he lives thefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,almostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadeastonechildwithhisslaveSallyH

40、emings.onlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenationsearlyleadersandthefragilenatureoftheinfancy.Moresignificant,theymostdid little to fight tmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrongand6nanything,thehistorianssay,thefounder

41、swereeredbythecultureoftheirtime.WashingtonandJefferson yexpresseddistasteforslavery, theyalso thepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtotit waspartFor one thing,nanything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswereeredbythecultureoftheirtime.WashingtonandJefferson yexpresseddistasteforslavery, the

42、yalso thepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtotit waspartFor one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “l(fā)ike having a baccount,”says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: eWashington, His Slaves, and CreationofAmerica.ThesoutherneswouldvesignedtheC

43、onstitutionwithoutprotectionsfor“peculiarinstitution,”includingatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforesalAndtheesmenspoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonnarrowialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,Jeffersonextendedslaverywithth

44、eLouisianaPurchasein1803;thelandwaso13es,includingthreeslaveStill, Jefferson freed Hemingss childrenthough not Hemings herself or his y 150 slaves. Washington, who had begun to tall men were created equal after observing the oftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongitionofhisrela

45、tivestohisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecader,suchanactwouldhaverequiredapprovalin36. eWashingtons dental surgery is mentioned toA show the primitive medical he B demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his C stress the role of he U.S. D reveal some unknown aspect of his 37.Wemay infer from the s

46、econd t DNA technology has been widely d to history in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate historians y made up some stories of Jeffersons political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. 38. What do welearn about Thomas His political view changed his attitude towards His

47、us as a father made him free the child His attitude towards slavery was D His ir slave stained his 39. Which of the following is true according to the A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from B he old days did ve the right to Slave owners usually had large savings Slavery was regarded culiar

48、 40.Washingtonsto free slaves originated from his 7moral military C l Dpoliticalstand. Part B hefollowingtext,somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitablefromthelist A-G to oeachofthenumbered s.Therearetwoextra ,whichdonotfit inanythe s. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (1

49、0 The time moral military C l Dpoliticalstand. Part B hefollowingtext,somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitablefromthelist A-G to oeachofthenumbered s.Therearetwoextra ,whichdonotfit inanythe s. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 The time for sharpening pencils, arran

50、ging your desk, ng almost anything else instead of writing ended. draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, downto write. (41)Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one to the next, but do not permit it to you. If a relevant and imp

51、ortant idea occurs to you now, work o the draft. (42) _. punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most occurswhen you areinhotpursuitof an idea ninanervoussearchfor _. Your pages will be easier to keep track oft way, and, if you have to cl

52、ip paragraphto placesewhere, you will not lose any writing on either Ifyouareworkingonawordsor,youcantake advantageofitscapacity tomakeadditionsand aswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimpleds.Somesoftwaresocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44) _.Theseouts are also eas

53、ier to n the screen when you work on Onceyouhavedrafton r,you can delete tis unrelatedtoyourthesis andadd sarytoillustrateyoursand make yourrconvincing.Thestudentwhowrotea ofMind”wiselydroppedatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudeswomen. (45) tyourinitialdraft ist.Youshouldgo throughth

54、e rmanytimes andthen workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayeven endupwithseveralentiresofthe Rewrite.Thewithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectparagraphto thenext ttherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingunclear and paragraphs should be merc

55、ilessly poked and o .A To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space n lines t you can easily words,corrections. Writeon only one side of the 8BAfteryouhavealreadyandydevelopedthebodyofyourr,payparticularattentiontoroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.Itsprobablybesttowriteroductionlast,af

56、teryoupreciselywhatyouroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavereaderfinal .C Its worth remembering, t though a clean copy fresh er may look terrible, it read only as well as the thinking and ve o it. Many writers prudently store their ondisksandfailures or theirpageseachtime

57、 theyfinishadraft toavoidlosinganymaterialBAfteryouhavealreadyandydevelopedthebodyofyourr,payparticularattentiontoroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.Itsprobablybesttowriteroductionlast,afteryoupreciselywhatyouroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavereaderfinal .C Its worth rem

58、embering, t though a clean copy fresh er may look terrible, it read only as well as the thinking and ve o it. Many writers prudently store their ondisksandfailures or theirpageseachtime theyfinishadraft toavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseDIt makes no difference how you write, just soyou do. t you have d

59、eveloped a o ive thesis, you can assemble your notes and o flesh out whatever outline you have EAlthoughthisiserestinge,snothingtodowiththethesis,whichexplainshowtheSammystoquithisjob.Insteadoftparagraph,sheaddedtdescribedLengelscrabbedresponsetothegirlstshecouldleaduptotheA&P“policy”he final paragr

60、aph about the significance of the setting in “A&P” the student brings together the Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengels store GByusingdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,youwillverylikelynyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdontuseoutlinesatallbutorde