2020屆高考英語二輪題海特訓營(3)閱讀理解細節(jié)理解三

1、閱讀理解 - 細節(jié)理解三1、As the Earth warms from the increase of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere, the oceans that cover 70 percent of its surface are warming too. This warming will likely benefit some sea species at the expense of others.A study in the May 20 issue of the journal Nature confirmed that there h

2、as been a warming trend in the world s oceans since 1993, as the waters have absorbed much of the extra energy in the planet s atmosphere.The warming that has already occurred, and is expected to continue in the coming decades, will likely spell bad news for many ocean species, such as corals and sp

3、ecies that live in the cold waters of the planet s poles. But some creatures beneath the ocean surface might actually have an advantage in the newly wanned waters.A 2008 study, for example, said that a warming of just a few degrees Fahrenheit in Antarctic waters could make them suitable to sharks,wh

4、ich havent lived in the area for about 40 million years. It s easier for sharks to keep their high metabolism in warmer waters. If sharks do move into the area,they could cause damage to the existing ecosystems of the oceans around Antarctica.A study of starfish found these typical ocean creatures g

5、rew faster in water at warmer temperatures and higher carbon dioxide levels ( another result of all the extra greenhouse gas in the atmosphere) than at normal conditions which is bad news for the shellfishes they live on.Work by Jeremy Jackson, a professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at t

6、he University of California at San Diego, suggests that ocean warming alongwith other threats such as overfishing and habitat destruction could change oncecomplex ocean ecosystems into ones that favor simpler species, such as microbes, toxic algal blooms and jellyfishes.How is Paragraph 3 developed?

7、By giving examples.By analyzing causes.By making comparisons.By making classifications.What can we know about sharks from the fourth paragraph?They are native to Antarctic waters.They do harm to the whole ecosystem.They re adaptable to warmer water conditions.They threaten simpler species in Antarct

8、ic waters.What will ocean warming likely bring about?Promoting the growth of starfish.An ecosystem of smaller creatures.Different food sources for sea creatures.Damaging living places of deep-sea species.What is the purpose of the passage?To explain why ocean warming benefit some species.To introduc

9、e how creatures survive in warmer oceans.To clarify some misunderstandings about ocean warming.To show which creatures will benefit from warmer oceans.2、Steven Weinberger is the director of linguistics in the English Departmentat George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. He says students in his

10、beginning phonetics class are mostly interested in teaching English as a second language. They wanted to study how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.So we sent the students out to record non-native speakers, and we compared those speakers to each other and to native speakers of English,

11、” said StevenWeinberger.Professor Weinberger wrote a paragraph for all of the speakers to read. The paragraph uses common words but contains almost all of the soundsused in English.Here is that sixty-nine-word paragraph:“ Please call Stella. Ask her to bring these things with her from the store: Six

12、 spoons of fresh snow peas, five thick slabs of blue cheese, and maybe a snackfor her brother Bob. We also need a small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the kids. She can scoop these things into three red bags, and we will go meet her Wednesday at the train station. ”In 1999, Professor Weinberge

13、r put the recordings online. The Speech AccentArchive is for anyone who wants to compare and analyze the accents of different English speakers.Some people think the archive would be better if it included natural speech-people talking freely, not just reading the same words. Professor Weinberger reco

14、gnizes the strengths and weaknesses of his site.Professor Weinberger says the site gets a million visits a month and would like more people to send in theirown samples of the sixty-nine-word paragraph.Steven Weinberger said, Right now we only have samples from about 350 languages, including English.

15、 You know, there are 6, 000 languages in the world today, so we need lots more. That s why the archive work will never be finished.Why did Professor Weinberger let his students record non-native speakers?Most of his students are interested in phonetics.The pronunciation from non-native speakers soun

16、ds strange.They were gathering materials for the Speech Accent Archive.They wanted to know how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.The Speech Accent Archive is intended for .all the stud ents in Weinberger s beginning phonetics classwhoever wants to study the accents of different English

17、speakersthe teachers of linguistics in the English Department at George Mason Universityraising money by the rate of clicking the websiteThe reason why Professor Weinberger chose the words in Para.4 for all of the speakers to read is that .the words in this paragraph are very easy to readpeople are

18、familiar with the activities included in this paragraphmost of the speakers are interested in the information shown in this paragraphthe words are common and almost all of the sounds used in English are contained4.In which part of a website may the passage appear?Entertainment.Advertisement.Life.Edu

19、cation.3、Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say

20、 yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are movingcloser to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidenc

21、e suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama s mother -in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of thepeople said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence the gran

22、dparents in the American family. Two-thirdsbelieve more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandpa

23、rents .“We now realize how important family is and how important to be nearthem, especially when you re raining children. ”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with hisor her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiserto say no and visit fre

24、quently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult childis struggling, but giving up the life you knowmay be harder.Why was Garza s move a success?It strengthened her family ties.It improved her living conditions.It enabled her make more friends.It helped her

25、know more new places.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson s decision?17% expressed their support for it.Few people responded sympathetically.83% believed it had a bad influence.The majority thought it was a trend.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?They were unsure of raise

26、 more children.They were eager to raise more children.They wanted to live away from their parents.They bad little respect for their grandparent.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?Make decisions in the best interests of their ownAsk their children to pay more visit

27、s to themSacrifice for their struggling childrenGet to know themselves better4、Spending money on time-saving services reduces stress and boosts （增進 ）happiness, according to a new research, but shockingly, few of us do it.Whillans, a professor at HBS said,“ Buying time helps to protect us from thestr

28、ess in our lives caused by time pressure, and the feeling that we don t haveenough minutes in the day to complete our tasks.The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment, in which 60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways. One weekend, they were told to spend the money on

29、a material purchase a gift for themselves. The next weekend, they were D.most people like the idea but dont practice it in lifeD.most people like the idea but dont practice it in lifein structed to spe nd the $40 on anything that saved them time, from pay ing then eighbor s kid to run errands （ 跑腿 ）

30、to tak ing a Uber in stead of a bus.“On the da y they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in abetter mood, and lower feelingsof time stress than on the day they bought a materialpurchase ” said Whillans.The biggest surprise to the researchers was how few people would spend money on tim

31、e-savi ng services. When they asked 98 work ing adults how they would spe nd a“windfall ” of $40, only two percent named a purchase that would save them time.“One reason, said Whillans,“is that we re very bad at rememberinghow much we hate doing certa in tasks once the sufferi ng has passed. That ma

32、kes usless likely to take active steps to avoid that over burdened feeling in the future. ”But another possible cause is good old- fashioned guilt. “ If you feel guilty about getti ng some one to clea n your house for you, the n you might get less happ in ess from outsourcing that task, ” said Whill

33、ans, or you might just be less likely to spend your money in that way. 1n the Can adia n experime nt, the participants.were divided into two groupswere give n $ 40 every two weekswere asked to give money to a neighbor s kidwere asked to spe nd the money in differe nt waysAccord ing to the author, wh

34、at can make people less time-stressed?Payi ng much for a concert ticket.Tak ing a regular bus to get to work.Emplo ying some one to clea n the garde n.Bu ying themselves an expe nsive prese nt.When it comes to spending money on buying time ” ,.no people would like to do ita small perce ntage of peop

35、le choose to do itmore people will do it if extra money is give n4.What do the un derl ined wordsthat overburde ned feeli ngin Paragraph 6 refer4.What do the un derl ined wordsthat overburde ned feeli ngin Paragraph 6 referto?The good old-fashi oned guilt.The feeli ng of spe nding money on goods.The

36、 stress of havi ng some one clea n your house.The discomfort whe n completi ng tasks we hate doing.5、Nowadays,parents worry a lot because their childrenspend hours and hoursin front of the TV screen.Because this doesn t happen to only one specificfamily,ma ny experts warn us that there can be some s

37、erious effects of childre nwatching violenee （ 暴力）on television.Children who become addicted（ 上癮的）to TV sit down and turn on the TV assoon as they get home.Although they have lots of homework,they become absorbed inTV programs.Since they spendtons of time watching TV,they have less time to enjoy rea

38、llife activities such as play ing with frien ds,play ing outdoor sports,or enjoying other kinds of en terta inment.There are too many viole nt scenes on TV.Some experts say there are 25 actsof violenee per hour on TV.In addition,thereare many experiments by psychologistswhich show how TV viole nee i

39、n flue nces childre n.Fin ally,people worry that childre n tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more viole ntly.What should be done? First of all,the gover nment should regulate TVviole nce.lt should also en courage people to invent and develop new tech no logy which can blo

40、ck violent scenes from the programs childrenwatch.For example,with a ratingsystem（分級制度 ）and the V-chip,unfit scenes of violence and sex can be blocked out.Second,parents should monitor what their children watch.At the same time,they should make their children interestedin real lifeactivities.Thenwhe

41、n the childrenstart to spend more time playing with friends or reading books,parentscan stop their mon itori ng.It is a fact that there is more violence on TV today than there was ten years ago.Moreover,violent incidents occur more frequently in real life.It s time tor ealize how harmful watching TV

42、 violence is,and it s time to keep our children from watching violence.What experts really worry is that .children spend too much time watching TVTV violence has a bad influence on childrenchildren become addicted to TV programschildren have less time to do their homeworkThe author explain how the g

43、overnment should control TV violence by .giving an examplegiving a definitionmaking a comparisonpresenting research findingsWhat does the underlined word “ imitate ” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?Explain.Copy.Ignore.Avoid.What is the author s purpose for writing this text?To express his own worr

44、ies about TV violence.To ask parents to take good care of their children.To inform readers of the latest situation about TV violence.To call on the whole society to save children from violence.6、How much weight a baby gains during its first month could determine itsIQ, as a new research suggests. Th

45、e study found that children who gain more weight, and whose heads grow quickly during the first month of life, tend to have a higher IQ when they start school.Researchers at the University of Adelaide, in Australia studied 13,800 children who were born at full-term. They found that those who put on

46、40% of their birth weight in the first four weeks had an IQ 1.5 points higher than those who only put on 15% of their birth weight. Those who experienced the biggest growth in head circumference （ 頭圍） also had the highest IQs by the age of six.“Head circumference is an indicator of brain volume, so

47、a greater increase in head circumference in a newly- born baby suggests more rapid brain growth, ” says the led author of the study, Dr. Lisa Smithers.She added, “Overall, newly-born children who grew faster in the first four weeks had higher IQ scores later in life. Those children who gained the mo

48、st weight scored especially high on verbal （ 言語 ） IQ at age 6. This may be because the neural （神經的 ） structures for verbal IQ develop earlier in life, which means the rapid weight gain during the first month could be having a direct cognitive benefit for the children. ”Previous studies have shown th

49、e association between early postnatal （產后的） diet and IQ, but this is the first study of its kind to focus on the IQ benefits of rapid weight gain in the first month of life. Dr. Smithers says the study further highlights the need for successful feeding of newly- born babies. “Weknow that many mother

50、s have difficulty establishing breastfeeding in the first week of their babies life, ” Dr. Smithers said.“The findings of our study suggest that if babies are having feeding problems, there needs to be early intervention （干預） in the management of that feeding.”The study mainly shows that head circum

51、ference is certainly connected to IQ.babies heads grow quickly during the first month.full-term babies tend to be cleverer than premature babies. （早產兒 ）the more weight newly-born babies gain, the higher IQ they are likely to have.How did the researchers get their conclusion from the study?By asking

52、questions.By making comparison.By having a discussion.By referring to documents.According to Dr. Lisa Smithers, we can learn that a kid s verbal IQ scores reach its highest at age six.this study helps parents find feeding problems.quick weight gain benefits newly born babies on verbal IQ.this study

53、reminds parents of the need for breastfeeding.The study differs from previous ones that it associates early postnatal diet with IQ.it pays attention to the IQ of newly-born babies.it emphasizes the significance of successful feeding.it first focuses on the relation between IQ and weight gain in the

54、first month of life.答案以及解析1 答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內容，尤其是“ But”的轉折可知，本段主要是通過對比 海洋變暖對哪些生物有利 , 對哪些生物有害來行文的。故選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的 make them suitable to sharks 以及 It s easier forsharks to keep their high metabolism in warmer waters可知 ， 鯊魚能夠適應溫度更高的環(huán)境中的生活 . 故選 C.細節(jié)理解題 . 根據(jù)第五段可知 ， 海星在水溫比較

55、高的水域會生長得更快 ， 即海洋變暖會促進海星的生長，故選A.誤解分析：不能誤選B項。根據(jù)最后一段可知，諸多因素會將復雜的 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變?yōu)檫m應簡單生物的一些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。這些因素中不只是氣候變暖.寫作意圖題 . 縱觀全文可知 ， 作者寫作本文主要是為了告訴我們哪些生物能在海洋變暖中 繼續(xù)發(fā)展 ， 即從中獲益。故選 D。2答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D解析： 1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ They wanted to study h ow nonnative speakers pronounce different sounds. ” 以及第二段的So.可知 ,之所以 W

56、einberger 教授讓他的學生們給非母語人士錄音是因為這些學生想要研究非母語人士如何發(fā)音故D項符合題意。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知, 這份語言口音檔案提供給任何想對不同英語朗讀者的口音做比較和分析的人士使用。故B項符合題意。細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第三段的“The paragraph uses commonwords but contains almost al lof the sounds used in English. ” 可知 ,D 項是正確的。推理判斷題。因為本文是一所大學的英語系教授因學生們想要研究非母語人士如何發(fā)音,所以在網上建立了一個口音各異的英語錄音檔案因此可推知，該篇文章是關于教

57、育的，故D項符合題意。3答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A解析：1. 本文是一篇議論文。主要講述目前社會上很多老年人愿意搬到離子女近的地方居住 的一種趨勢。同時作者也建議老人們要做出適合自己的選擇 ， 不要僅僅為孩子考慮而犧牲了 自己習慣了的生活方式。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句 Today all three generations regard the move as a success， giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. ”可知，Garza搬

58、到離子女家近的地方居住,使他們的家庭關系更加緊密。故選A項。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“ Two -thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. ”可知 ， 越來越多的人會仿照 Obama 家的做法 : 老人搬到 離子女近的地方居住。因此 ， 公眾認為這將會是一種趨勢 ，D 項符合文意。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句“ In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldntget away from home far eno ugh orfast eno

59、 ugh to prove we could do it on our own ”可知,在20世紀60年代,人們希望自己離開家以此來證明自己的獨立。故選C項。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“ Moving is not for everyone. ”可知 ， 搬家并不適合每 一個人。因此,作者建議人們在做出搬家的決定之前要反復權衡 ,做出對自己有利的選擇。 故 選A項?？键c :社會生活類短文閱讀。【技巧點撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題,是層次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息, 上下文邏輯關系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息, 推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關鍵要注意表明作者觀點、立場的動詞、名詞、形

60、容詞和副詞等。最后一題題中則根據(jù) it is wiser to say no 推斷出作者的立場。4答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D解析： 1. 細節(jié)理解題 :根據(jù) The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment,in which60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways.可知, 在加拿大的這個實驗中 , 參加實驗的人被要求用不同的方式花錢 . 故選 D.細節(jié)理解題 . 根據(jù) On the day they made the time-