(完整版)英語句子成分及練習(xí)課件

1、(完整版)英語句子成分及練習(xí)課件(完整版)英語句子成分及練習(xí)課件一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：二）主語：主語 (Subject) 表示句子說的是什么人或什么事. 是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：二）主語：主語 (Subject)1.D

2、uring the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形

3、容詞）1.During the 1990s, American c7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.When we are going to have an（三）謂語 謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如： He prac

4、tices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.（三）謂語 謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動(dòng)作（三）謂語 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如： Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意

5、：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。（三）謂語 2、復(fù)合謂語：（四）表語 表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如： （四）表語 表語(Predicative)1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.The s

6、peech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）1.Our teacher of English is an6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）6.His j

7、ob is to teach English.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking

8、verb)用于連接主語和表語，注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river was beginning to run dry. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)結(jié)果是;證明是 ，之意，例如：The

9、rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)

10、作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（賓語從句）4.They helped the old with the賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write,

11、tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.賓語種類：下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語 ask, ag

12、ree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, s

13、uggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如me（六）賓

14、語補(bǔ)足語 賓語補(bǔ)足語（Object Complement），用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語 賓語補(bǔ)足語（Object Compleme1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force h

15、im to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）1.His father named him Xiaomin（七）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city

16、.（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）（七）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for n

17、ext term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語從句)5.Our monitor is always the fi（八）狀語 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for

18、ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（八）狀語 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）4.He is in the room making a m9種狀語種類如下： 1. How about mee

19、ting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下： 1. How about meeting She came in with a dictionary

20、in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語） She came in with a dictionary （九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任

21、，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you. （九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your q

22、uestion after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.Attrib6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be

23、 an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialA

24、O.RO.6. His job is to train swimmer14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. T

25、he apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14. Do you have anything else 劃分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.B

26、oth Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .劃分句子成分9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.Ive order

27、ed some soup for you .13.He began leaning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .9.I have a lot of clothes to w17.He usually takes a n

28、ap after lunch ,as is his habit .18.I found the book in the corner of the room.19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .20.The telephone rang .21.We study hard .22.His father might have died .23.Will you leave the door open when going out .24.Can you make the dog stand still ?17.He usually tak

29、es a nap afte25.The landlord had them working day and night .26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .29.The book weighs five kilos .30.They will be flying to London .31.The shop assistant found some cer

30、tain materials for me .32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.25.The landlord had them worki33.Please pass a newly- published magazine to me .34.He lived in Guang Zhou .35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .36.His uncle left him some money .37.She is teaching the piano to

31、several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years .38.I like popular music .39.She knows what to do next .40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .33.Please pass a newly- publis二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tire

32、d. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the Sta

33、tes, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. 二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rai

34、n in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.Although the farm is large, my三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補(bǔ)語（）： Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time.

35、These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.

36、There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補(bǔ)語（四、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet四、選擇填空：(