旅游文本的翻譯

1、 Translating Tourism旅游文本的翻譯1Contents Part I: 旅游翻譯的概念分類 旅游翻譯的語言特點 旅游翻譯與文化差異 旅游翻譯的原則 Part II: 旅游景點名稱的翻譯 文化詞語的翻譯 文體特色與篇章風(fēng)格 Part III: 練習(xí) 2Part I 旅游翻譯的分類旅游翻譯的文體特點旅游翻譯與文化差異旅游翻譯的原則3旅游翻譯的分類旅游文本的范圍旅游指南、旅游行程、旅游委托書、旅游意向書、旅游合同、旅游廣告、旅游表格、導(dǎo)游解說詞、景點介紹、參觀點介紹、博物館說詞、旅游推銷手冊、旅游宣傳冊、旅游地圖、文藝演出節(jié)目單、餐廳菜單、賓館指示牌、公園指示牌等。旅游翻譯的分類從

2、翻譯的題材來看，可分為專業(yè)性翻譯、一般翻譯、文學(xué)翻譯。一般翻譯（應(yīng)用文、社交、日常生活等翻譯）文學(xué)翻譯（詩歌翻譯、楹聯(lián)、散文等翻譯）的性質(zhì)和特點4旅游文本的語言特點旅游文本的文體特點源語的特點：詞匯量大；知識面寬；措辭講究；風(fēng)格人性化；感覺（像人一樣）很親和。目標(biāo)語的特點：跨文化；跨心理；思維方式差異大；語言表達(dá)差異大5旅游翻譯與文化差異中國旅游文化的方方面面山水文化聚落文化園林文化建筑文化宗教文化民族文化民俗文化飲食文化詩詞文賦文化書畫雕塑文化戲曲舞蹈文化工藝美術(shù)文化花鳥蟲魚文化61. 女兒紅 狀元紅 (- allusion)Imperial FoodDaughters Wine Schol

3、ars Wine2. 仿膳7旅游翻譯原則目的論：Skopostheory: the translation purpose justifies the translation processthe end justifies the means- Norda text is made meaningful by the receiver and for the receiver.文本只有被接受者理解并且讓他們理解才有意義。翻譯目的論注重的不是譯文與原文是否對等或譯文是否完美,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)譯文應(yīng)該在分析原文的基礎(chǔ)上,以譯文預(yù)期功能為目的,選擇最佳處理方法。即譯者必須能夠針對特定翻譯目的選擇特定的翻譯

4、方法或策略。服務(wù)對象明確：tourist-oriented旅游翻譯應(yīng)該是“文化的使者”,以傳播中國文化為己任,以旅游者為導(dǎo)向?！跋蛲鈬慰徒榻B景點情況,傳遞有關(guān)信息”,“讓國外普通旅游者讀懂、看懂、聽懂,并且喜聞樂見,”實現(xiàn)譯文文本的這種交際功能,從而推動國內(nèi)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展8Part II 旅游景點名稱的翻譯 文化詞語的翻譯 文體特色與篇章風(fēng)格9旅游景點名稱的翻譯10旅游翻譯的方法（II）直譯音譯直譯加字面意譯或音意雙譯字面意譯11旅游景點名稱的翻譯 旅游景點名稱均有“專名”以及“通名”，換句話說, 景點名稱都和人的名字一樣“有名有姓”。 “通名”“太和殿”的“殿”、“廣德樓”的“樓”、“永定橋”

5、的“橋”，都是用來區(qū)分這類景點以及其他類景點的標(biāo)志，“殿”、“樓”、“橋”就是這些景點的“姓”。 “專名”就是則是用來區(qū)分具體某一事物與同一類其他事物的標(biāo)志。如：“太和殿”、“中和殿”、“保和殿”，中“太和”、“中和”、“保和”就是區(qū)分這三個建筑物之間的標(biāo)志。 12 太和殿 中和殿 保和殿 乾清宮 交泰殿 坤寧宮 三潭印月 鷹嘴巖 音譯 Taihedian Zhonghedian Baohedian Qianqinggong Jiaotaidian Kunninggong Santanyinyue Yingzuiyan 13 1. 太和殿 2. 中和殿 3. 保和殿 4. 乾清宮 5. 交泰殿

6、 6. 坤寧宮 7. 鷹嘴巖 音意雙譯：專名音譯，通名意譯 Taihedian Hall Zhonghedian Hall Baohedian Hall Qianqinggong Palace Jiaotaidian Hall Kunninggong Palace Yingzuiyan Cliff14 字面意譯： 1. 太和殿 The Hall of Grand Harmony 2. 保和殿 The Hall of Guaranteed Harmony 3. 文華殿 Hall of Literary Glory 4. 三潭印月: Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 5

7、. 紫來洞： Purple Source Cave 6. 寒山寺： Cold Mountain Temple 7. 鷹嘴巖: Eagle Beak Cliff 8. 拙政園：Garden of Humble Administrator15 音譯和字面意譯結(jié)合： 大觀園: Daguanyuan (Grand View Garden) Daguanyuan or Grand View Garden 瀟湘館: Xiaoxiangguan (Bamboo Lodge) 怡紅院: Yihongyuan (Happy Red Court) 蘅蕪苑: Hengwuyuan (Alpinia Park) 稻香

8、村: Daoxiangcun (Paddy-Sweet Cottage) 大觀樓: Daguanlou (Grand View Pavilion) 綴錦閣: Zhuijinge (Variegated Splendor Tower) 含芳閣: Hanfangge (Fragrant Tower) 蓼風(fēng)軒: Liaofengxuan (Smartweed Breeze Cot) 藕香榭: Ouxiangxie (Lotus Fragrance Anchorage) 紫菱洲: Zilingzhou (Purple Caltrop Isle)16旅游景點名稱翻譯的統(tǒng)一不統(tǒng)一的現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重： 太湖：Tai

9、 Lake; Taihu Lake 黃山：Huang Mountain； Huangshan Mountain 豫園：Yu Garden; Yu Yuan Garden 17統(tǒng)一的辦法：1. 旅游點名稱如屬漢語“單名”，為照顧音節(jié)和外國人的習(xí)慣讀法，最好把名字后面的“湖”、“山”、“園”等同時音譯出來。2. 如果旅游點名稱是“雙名”，則不必音譯后面的詞 洞庭湖： Dongting Lake 雁蕩山： Yandang Moutain 寄暢園： Jichang Garden 18文化詞語翻譯的方法增譯刪譯轉(zhuǎn)譯改寫19增譯 （包括“解釋”）增添理解原文內(nèi)容所必需的背景知識，如：歷史事件發(fā)生的年代，名

10、人的生卒年代，他們的身份及其在歷史上的貢獻(xiàn)，名勝的具體位置20秦始皇Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221 B.C. 林則徐Lin Zexu, government official of the Qing Dynasty (16361911) and the key figure in the Opium War西域The western Regions (a Han Dynasty term for the area west of Yumenguan Pass, includi

11、ng what is now XInjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and parts of Central Asia)21 在西安的六十四米高的大雁塔是玄奘西游印度回國后的居留之地。 The 64-meter-high Dayan Pagoda in Xian is the place where Xuan Zang, a great monk in the Tang Dynasty, once lived after returning from India.22湖南省位于長江中下游南部，東經(jīng)108度至114度，北緯24至30度。因地處洞庭湖之南，所以叫做湖南

12、Huan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River between 108 and 114 E longitude and 24 and 30 N latitude. As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting, the Province has the name Hunan, which means “south of the lake”. 23杭州是一座有悠久歷史的文化名城?！傲间疚幕边z址即可證明，在五千多年前，這里已有人

13、類繁衍生息。五代時的吳越國和南宋均曾在此建都，歷時237年。現(xiàn)今的杭州，轄市內(nèi)8個區(qū)，3個市和2個縣。Hangzhou has long been known as a famous cultural city. The ancient Liangzhu Culture ruins were found in what is now Hangzhou. These archeological ruins date back to 2000 B.C. when our ancestors already lived and multiplied here. Hangzhou also serve

14、d as an imperial capital for 237 yearsfirst as the capital of the State of Wuyue (907-978) during the Five Dynasties Period, and again as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). Now Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang Province with eight urban districts, three county-level cities and t

15、wo counties under its jurisdiction.24(桃花源）始建于晉，初興于唐，鼎盛于宋，大毀于元，時興時衰于明清，蕭條于民國，漸復(fù)于解放后，大規(guī)模修復(fù)開發(fā)于1990.Taohuayuan was first built in the Jin Dynasty(256-439AD), began to take shape in the Tang Kynasty(619-709),flourished in the Song Dynasty(960-1297), and went to ruin in the Yuan Dynaty(1279-1368). With up

16、s and downs through the Ming and Qing dynstyies(1368-1911), it was almost abandoned in the times of the Republic of China(1912-1949).its restoration was made from the year 1949 and a largescale expansion and development began in 1990.25刪減 對旅游資料中有關(guān)中國傳統(tǒng)文化特有的產(chǎn)物，若直接按字面譯成英語，對理解原文沒有任何幫助，甚至外國游客根本就看不懂，應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)刪

17、改26在我國最早的典籍中，即有關(guān)這條河的記載。尚書禹貢：“漆沮既從，灃水攸同”，詩經(jīng)大雅：“灃水東注，維禹之績”，說明灃水在遠(yuǎn)古就是一條著名的河流。Records about the river can be found even in the earliest Chinese classics, which proves that the Feng River has been well known since ancient times. 27“煙水蒼茫月色迷，漁舟晚泊棧橋西。乘涼每至黃昏后，人依欄桿水拍堤。這是古人贊美青島的詩句。青島市一座風(fēng)光秀麗的海濱城市，夏無酷暑，冬無嚴(yán)寒。西起膠州

18、灣入海處的團(tuán)島，東至嶗山風(fēng)景區(qū)的下清宮，綿延80多華里的海濱組成了一幅絢爛多彩的長軸畫卷?！盦ingdao is a beautiful coastal city. It is not hot in summer and not cold in winter. The 20-km-long scenic line begins from Tuan Island at the west end to Xiaqing Gong of Mount Lao at the east end.28她（黃河）奔騰不息，勇往直前，忽而驚濤裂岸，勢不可擋，使群山動容；忽而安如處子，風(fēng)平浪靜，波光瀲滟，氣象萬千。

19、 It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples.29轉(zhuǎn)譯（類比、借用）把中文資料中有關(guān)的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為外國游客熟悉的同類的內(nèi)容。“借用手法指借典譯典，借譯語表達(dá)式和形象來翻譯源語有特定文化含義的表達(dá)式和形象，以求等效。”（何自然,2004）。 有的學(xué)者稱這種方法為cultural substitution(文化替換)。 濟(jì)公 - 羅賓漢 西施 - 埃及艷后 梁

20、山伯與祝英臺 - 羅密歐與朱麗葉 蘇州 - 意大利的威尼斯 孔子 - 希臘的亞里斯多得30改寫1）對原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改寫 思維方式：西方人: 直線思維，多采用演繹推理；中國人: 螺旋式思維，多采用歸納推理。在展開一個話題時：漢語迂回曲折，先分說，再總括，多用掉尾句；英語開門見山，先總括，再分說，多用松散句。31在四川西部，有一處美妙的去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥語婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。這就是松潘縣的黃龍。One of Sichuans finest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan C

21、ounty just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountain. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.322）對原文詩詞的改寫詩詞的翻譯比較困難，改寫可以算作一種補(bǔ)救措施.水映山容，使山容益添秀媚，山清水秀，使水能更顯柔情，有詩云：岸上湖中各自奇，山觴水酌兩相宜。只言游舫渾如畫，

22、身在畫中原不知。The hills overshadow the lake, and the lake reflects the hills. They are in perfect harmony , and more beautiful than a picture. 333）對原文行文風(fēng)格的改寫（避虛就實） 3.1旅游文本的英漢文體差異34 廬山奇?zhèn)ビ碾U、瀑飛泉鳴；云蒸霧涌，氣象萬千。3000余種植物分布于云山錦谷，蒼翠斑斕、爭奇競妍。獨特的第四紀(jì)冰川遺跡，使其平添幾分神秘色彩。山麓的鄱陽湖候鳥多達(dá)百萬，世界上最大鶴群在水天之間翩翩起舞，構(gòu)成了鶴飛千點的世界奇觀。35Waterfalls

23、 roaring like thunder cascade down precipitous cliffs and gurgling steams meander through serene nooks. Clouds and vapor float and wrap the scenery in a blanket of mist. In the misty slopes and valleys over three thousand species of plants produce a world of green speckled with a myriad colors while

24、 the remains of the quaternary glaciers add an air of mystery to the beauty of the mountain. A million migrant birds soar above the waters of the Poyang Lake, the largest group of cranes in the world dance between heaven and water. A really wonder sight!36A fascinating city between sea and sky, like

25、 Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East an

26、d West.37發(fā)揮譯語優(yōu)勢，注重讀者反應(yīng)威尼斯海天之間的迷人城市，就像維納斯從水中站起來。它歡迎被它的水和澄清的光的魅力吸引來的五大洲的游客。沒有塵土和海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)。她有很多藝術(shù)品，是東西相會的標(biāo)志，能提供給人們智力上的愉悅。38威尼斯水城海天相連，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌現(xiàn)的維納斯，吸引著五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光澄澈，清風(fēng)拂面而來，蕩去你心中的不快與煩惱。而城中那些集東西方藝術(shù)之大成的藝術(shù)杰作，更給你以精神上的享受。391）行文用字習(xí)慣不同簡略與華美 漢語旅游資料中有許多華麗辭藻懸、四字詞組只是為了音韻的和諧和渲染氣氛，并無多大實際意義，翻譯時應(yīng)該調(diào)整措辭，將這些虛華之詞用明白曉暢的語言

27、重新表述，使譯文通達(dá)流暢，符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，增強(qiáng)譯文的可讀性，也更利于外國游客和讀者的理解和接受。發(fā)揮譯語優(yōu)勢，注重讀者反應(yīng)Tiny islands are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace. Hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand.座座島嶼玲瓏小巧，緊密相連，像一串珍珠追成的項鏈，環(huán)繞著半島邊緣。島上珊瑚礁紅，椰樹成片，沙灘如銀，景色如詩如畫。 402）審美欣賞習(xí)慣不同文化淵源On one of those sober and ra

28、ther melancholy days, in the later parts of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of

29、the old pile; and as I passed its threshold, seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages. 41時方晚秋，氣象肅穆，略帶憂郁，早晨的陰影和黃昏的陰影，幾乎連在一起，不可分別，歲將云暮，終日昏暗，我就在那么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了幾個鐘頭。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼氣，和陰沉沉的季候正好調(diào)和；我跨進(jìn)大門，覺得自己已經(jīng)置身遠(yuǎn)古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。夏濟(jì)安譯“西敏大寺”423.2 翻譯策略

30、：譯文的呼喚功能1）推敲原文語境因素，弄清原文實質(zhì) 旅游翻譯首先應(yīng)該以旅游者為導(dǎo)向（tourist-oriented）,讓他們聽懂、看懂、讀懂。如果遇到非常主觀性的描述語言，如“重巒疊嶂”、“廣袤無垠”、“分外妖嬈”、“美不勝收”、“爭奇斗艷”、“千姿百態(tài)”等，可簡單概括一下。這就是改寫。這兒的峽谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峽而過，兩岸樹木蔥蘢，鮮花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脫脫一幅生機(jī)盎然的天然風(fēng)景畫。各種奇峰異嶺，令人感受各異，遐想萬千。It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and gra

31、ss, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts. 43滿樹金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪，香氣撲鼻的銀桂；紅里透黃，花多味濃的紫砂桂；花色似銀，季季有花的四季桂，競相開放，爭妍媲美。進(jìn)入桂花公園，陣陣桂花花香撲鼻而來。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus. Flowers from these trees in different colors ar

32、e in full bloom, which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.442）結(jié)構(gòu)拆譯與分清主從洞庭湖“銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長江，浩浩湯湯，橫無際涯。朝輝夕陰，氣象萬千”。Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallowing the Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Dongting Lake stretches endlessly, turning brilliant in the morning and glo

33、omy at dusk with the scenery abounding in changes.3）篇章整合與改寫451999年溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策。可以說，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥

34、華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。46【概述】 這段文字是對加拿大著名港口城市溫哥華的簡要介紹，語言清晰流暢，理解起來并不困難，除了“輝煌”、“結(jié)晶”等少數(shù)詞匯外，翻譯時在措辭上也不存在太多問題。但是原文少數(shù)句子與句子之間、句子內(nèi)部各成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系和語義關(guān)系不是很明確，譯成漢語時應(yīng)根據(jù)譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。漢語語法呈隱含性(covertness)，英語語法呈外顯性(overtness)；漢語重意合，英語重形合，因此英語句子中外在的形式連接手段很多，連詞的使用也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于漢語，這一點對本文的翻譯尤為重要。47【參考譯文】 The prosperity of Vancouver, to wh

35、ich many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term natio

36、nal policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. 48Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, h

37、alf were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chines

38、e settlement outside of Asia. 49溫哥華的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。The glory of Vancouver is the result of the wisdom and diligence of the people of Vancouver, including the contributions of many ethnic groups.The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallizat

39、ion of its peoples wisdom and industriousness.50加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。Canada is a large but sparsely populated country, with a territory larger than that of China but a population of less than 30 million.Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but

40、only a population of less than 30 million.51吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時間長短而已。Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other o

41、nly in how long they have lived in the country.52溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asi

42、a.53而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement ou

43、tside of Asia. 54 The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting

44、 immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the worl

45、d. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five ye