人教英語八年級上冊句子成分詳解(共42張)課件

1、英語中的五種基本句型 句子成分詳解 英語五種基本句型1. 主語+不及物動詞 Everybody smiled.2. 主語+及物動詞+賓語 He knows everything.3. 主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 I showed him my photos.4. 主語+系動詞+表語 The boy looks healthy.5. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補語 What made you angry?祈使句的主語一般都省略掉 基本句型漢譯英練習(xí)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（S十V）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動作。如：The sun rises.主語可有修飾語-定語，如，Th

2、e red sun rises.謂語可有修飾語-狀語，如，The red sun rises in the east .翻譯練習(xí): 1.你應(yīng)當努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我們談了很多。 4.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 5.在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6.這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7.1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。 8.每天八時開始上課。 9.這個盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。 11.愛麗絲很會游泳。 12.約翰的父親昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 14.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 Ch

3、eck the answers:1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every d

4、ay. 7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 11. Alice swims very well. 12. Johns father died last night. 13. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 14. My grandfather gets up

5、early in the morning. 15. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books. 2S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+謂語+賓語構(gòu)成。在此句式中V代表及物動詞或及物動詞詞組(vt)，只有及物動詞或及物動詞短語才能且必須接賓語，因此后有賓語；賓語須是名詞或相當于名詞的成分。 （名詞，名詞短語或代詞）例如： eg: Isawafilm. 譯：我看了一部電影。（I是主語，saw是謂語，a film是賓語） eg: Theytookgoodcareofthechildren 譯：他們把這

6、些孩子照看得很好。 (they是主語 ,took good care of是謂語,其中took是take的過去式，the children是賓語)說明： 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞如果是動詞詞組,分兩種情況:1.及物動詞+副詞，2.不及物動詞+介詞即變成及物動詞詞組1.動詞+副詞：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交進） 動詞+介詞：persist in(堅持)，succeed in (在成功)2.動詞+副詞：如，turn on(開),move on（走開）, pass on（傳遞）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿著）. 動詞+介詞：work on（從事于）, operate

7、on（在上動手術(shù)）, agree on（同意）get on（上車，上船）,ride on（騎上） 有的含有介詞 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的動介詞組是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顧）, look at（瞧）, look for（尋找）, belong to（屬于）, refer to（參考，提及）, think of（考慮，評價）, send for（派人去請）, care for（喜歡）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(對付，應(yīng)付), object to（反對）, pay for（付的錢）,等 。總結(jié)：動+副構(gòu)成

8、的短語動詞，賓語是名詞可以置中或置后，賓語是代詞只能置中1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副詞的動副詞組是可拆分的。如，They carried out the plan successfully.我們還可以說， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我們只說As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 動副詞組都可以這樣用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（執(zhí)行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）,

9、 find out（找出）, give up（放棄）, give away（贈送，分發(fā)）,pick up（揀起）, put up（掛上）, 等。 Exercise practice1.昨晚我寫了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night.2.這本書他讀過多次了。 He has read this book many times.3.他們成功地完成了計劃。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully.4.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。(finish doing)You must finish reading t

10、hese books in two weeks.5.那位先生能流利地說三種語言。That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.6.我開窗戶你在意嗎？Do you mind my opening the window? 7.Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。(dress oneself) Jim cannot dress himself.8.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.9.我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。All of us belie

11、ve that Jack is an honest boy.10.他不知道說什麼好。He did not know what to say.11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath) He takes a cold bath every morning.12.他們高度贊揚了英雄的業(yè)跡。 (sing praise for) They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero. 翻譯練習(xí)我不信任那個人。（believe in) 他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。 (point out)圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍教師。(call on ) 你們必須在課后把練

12、習(xí)本交上來。(hand in) 五分鐘內(nèi)我們是不可能解出這道題來的。(work out) 這位護士會好好照顧你父親的。(take good care of) 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸騰的水散發(fā)水蒸汽。 (give off)寫完作文后，我們必須把它從頭到尾看一遍。(go over) 脫掉你的外套，離開前再穿。(take off) 人們會把她找出來的。(find out) 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生 (send for)我不信任那個人。（believe in)他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。 (point out)圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍教師。(call on ) 你們必須在課后把練習(xí)本交

13、上來。(hand in) 五分鐘內(nèi)我們是不可能解出這道題來的。(work out) I dont believe in(介) that man. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class. We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes. Check the answe

14、rs這位護士會好好照顧你父親的。(take good care of)你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸騰的水散發(fā)水蒸汽。 (give off)寫完作文后，我們必須把它從頭到尾看一遍。(go over) 脫掉你的外套，離開前再穿。(take off, put on) 人們會把她找出來的。(find out) 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生 (send for)The nurse will take good care of your father.You can depend on（介） him in your work. Boiling water gives off（副） steam.

15、After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leave. People will find her out（副）. We must send for（介） a doctor 3.S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。 P一般是形容詞或名詞或名詞性質(zhì)的短語，V是系動詞,常見的系動詞有（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell

16、, taste, sound. （2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.eg: Heishandsome譯：他長得帥。 (he做主語，is是系動詞，handsome是形容詞，做表語)eg: Heis a clever boy。 譯：他是一個聰明的男孩 （he是主語，is 是系動詞，a clever boy是名詞短語不定冠詞a/an + 形容詞名詞單數(shù)，做表語） eg: Thedeskfeelshard譯：書桌摸起來很硬。(The

17、 desk是主語，feel是系動詞，hard是形容詞)翻譯練習(xí)： 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 冬季白天短，夜晚長。 布朗夫人看起來很健康。 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 孩子們，請保持安靜。My brothers are all college students. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please. 這本書是有

18、關(guān)美國歷史的書。 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 他失業(yè)了。 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 這個報告聽起來很有意思。 This book is about the history of the United States. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting. 4.S十V十O十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語構(gòu)成。及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外

19、，還需要一個名詞，形容詞，副詞,動詞不定式，分詞來補充說明賓語，才能表達一個完整的意念。 賓語與賓語補足語有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不完整?？梢杂米鲑e補的有，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞。如， The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundt

20、hemanstealingthemoney.Ifoundmymoneystolen.用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足的后面，是英語常用句型.即 主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補 + 真正賓語 如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.特別提醒A.現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系；過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關(guān)系。We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.I heard the gir

21、l singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.I often hear this song sung in the street.B.在let(讓)，make(使得)，have（請，讓，使得），see(看)，hear(聽到)，watch(觀看)，feel(感覺到)，listento(傾聽)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等動詞后的賓語補足語如

22、果為不定式，則省掉”to”,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則要帶”to”. e.g Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.翻譯練習(xí)：我們叫她Alice. 他的父母給他取名為John. 我們大家都認為他是誠實的。 他們把門推開了。 他們把小偷釋放了。 We call her Alice. His parents named him John. All of us considered him honest. They pushed the door open. They have

23、 set the thief free. 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 他請我們參加做游戲。 我要你把真相告訴我。 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 明天我要找人來修理機器。We will make our school more beautiful. He asked us to join in the game. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 他每個

24、月理一次發(fā)。 我要請人把我的錄音機修理一下。 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 The pain made him cry out. We wont let her go out at night. He has his hair cut once a month. Ill get my recorder mended. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 她正在聽人家講故事。 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 他感到很難跟你交談。 She is listening to someone telling stori

25、es. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。 學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學(xué)生要起立。 我認為與那個人談話是無益的。I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. I consider it possible to work out the probl

26、em in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. I thought it no use talking with that man 4.S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) 在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等。eg: Hegavemeabook.(he 是主語gave是謂語動詞，是give 的過去式，me是間賓，a boo

27、k是直賓)= Hegave abooktome譯：他給我一本書。eg: Hebroughtmeapen.=Hebrought apentome（brought是bring的過去式,譯為“帶來”）譯：他帶給我一枝鋼筆。eg: Motherboughtmeabook= Motherbought abookforme. （bought是buy的過去式）譯：媽媽給我買了一本書。 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）組成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物）

28、，后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, dra

29、w, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。翻譯練習(xí)： 1.Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5. 他把車票給列車員看。6. 這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you pl

30、ease pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？11. 新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. Will

31、you please get me a new copy? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour A. 主謂 B. 主謂賓 C. 主系表 D.主謂雙賓 E. 主謂賓補1.Your sister dances beautifully.2.They proved that the earth was round. 3.This food looks inviting.4.Doing that whould be playing with fire.ABCC判斷下列句子的句型 A. 主謂 B. 主

32、謂賓 C. 主系表 D.主謂雙賓 E. 主謂賓補5.They kept their marriage a secret.6.He played dead. 7.Show me what you bought.8.Good food keeps you healthy.EABE判斷下列句子的句型 A. 主謂 B. 主謂賓 C. 主系表 D.主謂雙賓 E. 主謂賓補9.The palaces were large and beautiful.10.A species can became endangered for different reasons. 11.It sounded like a

33、woman crying.12.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.CCCB判斷下列句子的句型 A. 主謂 B. 主謂賓 C. 主系表 D.主謂雙賓 E. 主謂賓補13.Pop music makes people feel easy and forget the real world.14.The man we followed suddenly stopped. 15.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.16.We find it important to master English.

34、EAEE判斷下列句子的句型 A. 主謂 B. 主謂賓 C. 主系表 D.主謂雙賓 E. 主謂賓補17.He handed me the newspaper.18.My wish is to become a teacher. 19.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.20.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.DCBC判斷下列句子的句型（附錄）英語基本句型6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arriv