高中英語(yǔ)人教版一輪課件：第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂一致助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣百度文庫(kù)VIP特權(quán)福利特權(quán)說(shuō)明服務(wù)特權(quán)VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)VIP用戶有效期內(nèi)可使用VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)下載或閱讀完成VIP專享文檔（部分VIP專享文檔由于上傳者設(shè)置不可下載只能閱讀全文），每下載/讀完一篇VIP專享文檔消耗一個(gè)VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)。年VIP 月VIP連續(xù)包月VIP享受60次VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)，一次發(fā)放，全年內(nèi)有效。VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，每次發(fā)放的特權(quán)有效期為1個(gè)月，發(fā)放數(shù)量由您購(gòu)買的VIP類型決定。每月專享9次VIP專享文檔下載特權(quán)，自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，持續(xù)有效不清零。

2、自動(dòng)續(xù)費(fèi)，前往我的賬號(hào)-我的設(shè)置隨時(shí)取消。共享文檔下載特權(quán)VIP用戶有效期內(nèi)可使用共享文檔下載特權(quán)下載任意下載券標(biāo)價(jià)的文檔（不含付費(fèi)文檔和VIP專享文檔），每下載一篇共享文檔消耗一個(gè)共享文檔下載特權(quán)。年VIP 月VIP連續(xù)包月VIP享受100次共享文檔下載特權(quán)，一次發(fā)放，全年內(nèi)有效贈(zèng)送的共享文檔下載特權(quán)自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，每次發(fā)放的特權(quán)有效期為1個(gè)月，發(fā)放數(shù)量由您購(gòu)買的VIP類型決定。贈(zèng)送每月15次共享文檔下載特權(quán)，自VIP生效起每月發(fā)放一次，持續(xù)有效不清零。自動(dòng)續(xù)費(fèi)，前往我的賬號(hào)-我的設(shè)置隨時(shí)取消。累積特權(quán)在購(gòu)買的VIP時(shí)長(zhǎng)期間，下載特權(quán)不清零。 100W優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔免費(fèi)下載VIP有效期

3、內(nèi)的用戶可以免費(fèi)下載VIP免費(fèi)文檔，不消耗下載特權(quán)，非會(huì)員用戶需要消耗下載券/積分獲取。部分付費(fèi)文檔八折起VIP用戶在購(gòu)買精選付費(fèi)文檔時(shí)可享受8折優(yōu)惠，省上加??；參與折扣的付費(fèi)文檔均會(huì)在閱讀頁(yè)標(biāo)識(shí)出折扣價(jià)格。內(nèi)容特權(quán)0下載券文檔一鍵搜索VIP用戶可在搜索時(shí)使用專有高級(jí)功能：一鍵搜索0下載券文檔，下載券不夠用不再有壓力！ 無(wú)限次復(fù)制特權(quán)VIP有效期內(nèi)可以無(wú)限次復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容，不用下載即可獲取文檔內(nèi)容 文檔格式轉(zhuǎn)換VIP有效期內(nèi)可以將PDF文檔轉(zhuǎn)換成word或ppt格式，一鍵轉(zhuǎn)換，輕松編輯！閱讀頁(yè)去廣告VIP有效期內(nèi)享有搜索結(jié)果頁(yè)以及文檔閱讀頁(yè)免廣告特權(quán)，清爽閱讀沒(méi)有阻礙。 多端互通VIP有效期內(nèi)可

4、以無(wú)限制將選中的文檔內(nèi)容一鍵發(fā)送到手機(jī)，輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)多端同步。 其他特權(quán)抽獎(jiǎng)特權(quán)開通VIP后可以在VIP福利專區(qū)不定期抽獎(jiǎng)，千萬(wàn)獎(jiǎng)池送不停！ 福利特權(quán)開通VIP后可在VIP福利專區(qū)定期領(lǐng)取多種福利禮券。VIP專享精彩活動(dòng)開通VIP后可以享受不定期的VIP優(yōu)惠活動(dòng)，活動(dòng)多多，優(yōu)惠多多。VIP專屬身份標(biāo)識(shí)當(dāng)您成為百度文庫(kù)VIP后，您的專有身份標(biāo)識(shí)將被點(diǎn)亮，隨時(shí)隨地彰顯尊貴身份。 專屬客服VIP專屬客服，第一時(shí)間解決你的問(wèn)題。專屬客服QQ：800049878 VIP禮包百度閱讀VIP精品版特權(quán)享受閱讀VIP精品版全部權(quán)益：1.海量精選書免費(fèi)讀2.熱門好書搶先看3.獨(dú)家精品資源4.VIP專屬身份標(biāo)識(shí)5.全

5、站去廣告6.名人書友圈7.三端同步 知識(shí)影響格局，格局決定命運(yùn)！動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)是近幾年語(yǔ)法填空必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：do/does(下面所有的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成皆以do為例)2基本用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usual

6、ly, every day/night等連用。On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等。表示客觀真理時(shí)，即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(3)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)

7、作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。My dream school starts at 830 am and ends at 330 pm.我理想的學(xué)校上午830上課，下午330放學(xué)。(4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞第三人稱的構(gòu)成一般情況直接加sworkworks getgetssaysays readreads結(jié)尾為

8、s, x, sh, ch或o，在詞尾加esdiscussdiscusseswashwashes fixfixesteachteachesgogoes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母y”，變y為i再加escarrycarries studystudiestrytriesflyfliescrycries(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：did2基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday，last month，just now，the other day，three days ago，in 1989等。2019江蘇卷 A few months aft

9、er he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中國(guó)幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他說(shuō)他一見(jiàn)到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(3)有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上指的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有know, think, expec

10、t, want等。Edward, you play so well. But I didnt know you played the piano.愛(ài)德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來(lái)不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴。(4)常見(jiàn)句型：It is time that sb. should do/did sth.該到的時(shí)候了It is/has been一段時(shí)間since.did sth.自從做某事已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了would/had rather sb. did sth.寧愿某人做某事It is time that we took action to protect our environment.該到我們采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的

11、時(shí)候了。As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.據(jù)我所知，他參軍三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didnt.喬治說(shuō)他會(huì)在第二天來(lái)學(xué)?？次?，但是他沒(méi)有來(lái)。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加edworkworkedplayplayedwantwanted以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加dhopehoped likeliked以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)

12、詞，變y為i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12020新高考山東卷The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.22020全國(guó)卷When he aske

13、d the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river.答案與解析：formed考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) in 1759可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案與解析：pointed考查時(shí)態(tài)?？仗幣csmiled構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。32018全國(guó)卷While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says i

14、t _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.答案與解析：is此處the review says后跟的是賓語(yǔ)從句，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)為it，故填is。42020浙江卷7月 This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods _ (mean) t

15、hat fewer people worked in farming.52020北京卷She _ (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.答案與解析：meant考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知，New methods與mean是主謂關(guān)系，同時(shí)結(jié)合前兩句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填meant。答案與解析：persuaded考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)it in me a fire for literature”可知，此處表述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故填persuaded。2基本用法(1)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)

16、作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，at the moment，at present等連用。We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我們今天面對(duì)的是一個(gè)陌生的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對(duì)待它。(2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞come，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an imp

17、ortant international meeting.我要出發(fā)去上海參加一個(gè)重要的國(guó)際會(huì)議。(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always，constantly連用表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。You are always forgetting the important thing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)出不滿的情緒)2基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday等連用。

18、2018北京卷Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。(2)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。(3)表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)

19、生的動(dòng)作，此用法常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時(shí)候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。(三)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：will be doing2基本用法表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。Jane cant attend t

20、he meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)間段她有課。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽(yáng)光。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般情況在詞尾直接加ingworkworkingstudystudying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefac

21、ing“輔音元音輔音”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞， 且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimmingrunrunningputputtingplanplanningsitsitting以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y再加inglielyingdiedying題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12020江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校聯(lián)考At present, Tech giants Apple and Google _ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know wh

22、en theyve come into contact with someone who has COVID19.案與解析：are teaming考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：目前，科技巨頭蘋果公司和谷歌公司正在合作開發(fā)一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，可以讓智能手機(jī)用戶知道他們是否接觸了新冠肺炎患者。 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at present可知，是敘述現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be doing，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；主語(yǔ)Tech giants Apple and Google中g(shù)iants是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。22017天津卷I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly

23、found that I was on the wrong road.答案與解析：was driving此處是be doing .when .句型，意為“正在做，這時(shí)(突然)”。由從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found可知，主句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。2019江蘇卷The musician along with his band members has giv

24、en ten performances in the last three months.在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這位音樂(lè)家和他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了十場(chǎng)演出。(2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for時(shí)間段”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)就獲得了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作Please return the book

25、 to me when you have finished it.當(dāng)你讀完這本書請(qǐng)歸還給我。名師指津(1)注意牢記以下固定句型：It is/has been時(shí)間段since.表示“自從以來(lái)已經(jīng)”。It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have visited the c

26、ity.這是我第一次游覽這座城市。This isthe形容詞最高級(jí)名詞that.結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。(2)注意避免思維定式：一看到for時(shí)間段，就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(一般過(guò)去時(shí))，還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.楊振寧在美國(guó)定居多年，現(xiàn)在他生活在中國(guó)。Dashan h

27、as lived in China for many years.大山在中國(guó)住了許多年。(二)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：haddone2基本用法(1)表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by.，until.，when.，before.等。When he was in Beijing，he visited places where he had played as a child.他在北京的時(shí)候游覽了他兒時(shí)曾玩過(guò)的地方。By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had already graduate

28、d from college.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本(事實(shí)上未能)”。2019天津卷I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.我本希望送給彼得一個(gè)禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚了，但我沒(méi)能做到。(3)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，這種情況多見(jiàn)于賓語(yǔ)從句。It took me a long time

29、before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.過(guò)了好久我才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲易瞿切┦隆?4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用句型It was the first/second.time that.這是第一/第二次It was the third time that the boy had been late.這是那個(gè)男孩第三次遲到了。had hardly.when剛就；had no sooner.than一就。如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。H

30、e had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。2基本用法(1)常用來(lái)表示開始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Im tired out. I have been shopping all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.我累壞了。我整個(gè)下午都在購(gòu)物，我好像什么事也沒(méi)完成。Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.在過(guò)去的

31、三個(gè)月里，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館工作。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天早晨我一直給他打了很多電話，但是沒(méi)人接。題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12020浙江卷7月 By about 6000 BC, people _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.22019全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空I love coming here and seeing my family and al

32、l the friends I _ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to，but because I want to.答案與解析：had discovered考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)By about 6000 BC可知，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故填had discovered。答案與解析：have made考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)空格后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the years可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。32021高三八校第二次聯(lián)考According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in t

33、he United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people _ (choose) veganism over the past decade.42021安徽省高三聯(lián)考Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades _ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.答案與解析：have chose

34、n考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：據(jù)赫芬頓郵報(bào)報(bào)道，美國(guó)有超過(guò)三百萬(wàn)人都是純素食主義者。在過(guò)去的十年間，英國(guó)大約有54.2萬(wàn)人選擇了素食。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past decade句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案與解析：has seen/have seen考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去的四十年里，數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的私營(yíng)企業(yè)和數(shù)百個(gè)著名品牌應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填時(shí)態(tài)，再根據(jù)句意可知，the past four decades是句子的主語(yǔ)，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)，也可以用單數(shù)，故填has seen/have seen。考點(diǎn)四 一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(一)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用以下

35、四種結(jié)構(gòu)(1)will/shall動(dòng)詞原形(2)be going to動(dòng)詞原形(3)be to動(dòng)詞原形(4)be about to do sth.2基本用法(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年，他將畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。(2)be going to do sth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(3)be to do sth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事，或

36、者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.當(dāng)我們?nèi)D書館時(shí)，我們要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。(4) be about to do sth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。The train is about to leave.火車即將開出。題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12019浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空When every pupil in the school wears the uniform，nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion (時(shí)尚)22021浙

37、江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試They made up their minds that they _ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.答案與解析：has/will have考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？崭袂懊娴膹木溆昧艘话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者一般將來(lái)時(shí)。而句子主語(yǔ)nobody是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以當(dāng)句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。答案與解析：would buy句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買座新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句為復(fù)合句，其中once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。考點(diǎn)五 語(yǔ)態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種

38、時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were done一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been done將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/will have been done2019江蘇卷They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Wi

39、nter Olympics.他們正在努力確保到2022年時(shí)為北京冬奧會(huì)安裝5G信號(hào)終端。2018北京卷A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者。2018天津卷My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.這周我的洗衣機(jī)正在維修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。2

40、不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)系動(dòng)詞類(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。(2)表示主語(yǔ)特征的詞(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副詞連用。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布料容易洗。(3)有些動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：have, cost, own, belong to, take part in, come into being, date from, take place，run

41、out等。3get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語(yǔ)此類短語(yǔ)主要有g(shù)et paid/lost/hurt等。We get paid every week.我們按周獲得薪酬。4主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動(dòng)詞； worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)be形容詞不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，impor

42、tant，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計(jì)算出。題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12020全國(guó)卷 “This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”22020新高考山東卷The p

43、arts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms.答案與解析：is constructed考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示“月球是如何構(gòu)成的”，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且此處描述的是客觀情況，故填is constructed。答案與解析：are called考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語(yǔ)為The parts of a museum，設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知這里為客觀事實(shí)，故此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。32020浙江卷7月 Farming produced more food per pe

44、rson than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food _ (need)42021山東省濱州市一模In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind _ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better.答案

45、與解析：was needed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的糧食就越多”可知，more food與need構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填was needed。答案與解析：were made考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在那些最艱難的日子里，現(xiàn)金和實(shí)物捐贈(zèng)被用來(lái)幫助抗擊疾病。根據(jù)In those toughest days可知這里在指過(guò)去的事情，句子主語(yǔ)donations是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。52021河南省高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plas

46、tic particles _ (use)mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean.62021成都第二次診斷Hot pot restaurants can _ (find) on pretty much every street in Cheng

47、du，but the quality and taste can vary hugely.答案與解析：are used考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：塑料微珠或細(xì)小的固體塑料微粒在化妝品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他產(chǎn)品中被廣泛使用。該段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案與解析：be found考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞find和句子主語(yǔ)Hot pot restaurants之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【典例感悟】12020天津卷The number of medical s

48、chools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ (remain) around that level ever since.22020全國(guó)卷The unmanned Change4 probe (探測(cè)器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.答案與解析：has remained考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。ever since是解題關(guān)鍵，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用?！皌he number

49、 of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案與解析：touched時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week 可判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。32021山東模考卷The way she held their hands, _ (touch) their faces and just looked at them, you could tell they had such a special bond.42019全國(guó)卷Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from he

50、r 36yearold business.答案與解析：touched有標(biāo)志詞and前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式一致原則，確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞touch的時(shí)態(tài)與looked一致。答案與解析：declared分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；結(jié)合后面的had可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。520196月浙江卷One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.62021沈陽(yáng)監(jiān)測(cè)This was the first time I _ (experience)

51、sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.答案與解析：improved主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是found，用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此處從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與之保持一致。答案與解析：had experienced考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此題考查固定句式 “This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”可知，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。72021濮陽(yáng)市高三畢業(yè)班第二次模擬Greta Thunberg, a 16yearold Swedish climate change activist, _ (elect) as 2019s “Per

52、son of The Year” last week.82021江西省南昌市高三二模Eggs are great for breakfast and can _ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones.答案與解析：was elected考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子可知，此處是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)Greta Thunberg和elect之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由last week判斷為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

53、，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，故填was elected。答案與解析：be cooked考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且can后跟動(dòng)詞原形。【答題微點(diǎn)】搞定語(yǔ)法填空的“3原則”原則1慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞在高考語(yǔ)法填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)給出時(shí)間標(biāo)志，考生可根據(jù)所給標(biāo)志詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)輕松得出答案。原則2細(xì)心辨語(yǔ)境，瞻前顧后找并列1細(xì)心辨語(yǔ)境：仔細(xì)分析設(shè)空處所在句前后句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及順序，確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。2瞻前顧后找并列：可根據(jù)并列連詞and, but, or, rather than, neither .nor .，not only .but also .等前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式

54、確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。原則3固定句式要牢記，主從時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)1was/were doing sth. when sb. did .2It is/has been一段時(shí)間since sb./sth. did .3This/It/That is/was the first/second .time that .從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)4Its (high) time that .did/should do sth.5祈使句and/or 主語(yǔ) 將來(lái)時(shí)把握邏輯關(guān)系，分析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)要確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)，分析語(yǔ)境，弄明白所給動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的主

55、語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。主謂一致考點(diǎn)一 主謂一致的基礎(chǔ)“3原則”主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語(yǔ)一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。1語(yǔ)法一致原則主語(yǔ)后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a c

56、hance to go abroad last year.那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語(yǔ)老師去年得到了一次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。2就近一致原則(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow

57、.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。(2)由there, here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。3意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The poet and writer has produced many works.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫出了許多作品。(2)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”

58、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個(gè)人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽音樂(lè)使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松?？键c(diǎn)二 主謂一致的3種特殊情況1.“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a parent

59、 has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過(guò)程。2all，the rest，the remaining/part.主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.講座的前半部分很生動(dòng)，但后半部分非?？菰?。3“幾分之幾/百分之幾o(hù)f名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。About one third of the books are worth

60、reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)12020新高考山東卷Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.22019天津卷Amy，as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to t