建筑電氣外文文獻

1、提高個人的生活質量，通過他們的智能家居智能技術集成智能住宅的問題，什么是技術問題需要解智能住宅”建造？雖然存在少量的措施，在加拿大境外，據稱聰明屋”，如果我們真的希望它有利益于社區(qū)，而不僅僅是個人的主題包含了大量新奇的。醫(yī)療保健和保障性住房：至目前為止，很少有人協(xié)調，研究如何“聰明屋”的技術可以幫助體弱的老人留在家里，或降低成本所經歷的非正式照顧者。因此，建議研究的目的是確定幫助老年人保持自己的獨立性和幫助照顧者維持他們的愛心活動中的各種住宅技術的實用性。聰明屋智能家居”。例如，它被稱為夜視對于那些癡呆的疾病，安全的關鍵問題是在性能日常生活活動AD。至關重要的是，我們能夠監(jiān)控病人會下降，在AD

2、和照顧者的活動進行監(jiān)測和數據將被收集在下列情況下。項目將集中于亞人群，以收集科學數據，其條件和技術的影響，在他們的生活方式。例如：穩(wěn)定的慢性中風后的殘疾和他們的照顧者的人：研究優(yōu)化模型， 對于此類患者（這些患者可能有疏忽，偏癱，失語和判斷問題）布;智能家電，以評估的價值為中風病人及照顧者對信息進行評估， 并通過電子醫(yī)療技術;通信技術促進遠程家庭護理評估技術接口，用;評估的類普適計算技術：無處不在的計算基礎設施被視為在家里的“智能”的骨干。在與無處不在的計算系統(tǒng)，這個系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分是：陣列傳感器，通信基礎設施和軟件控制（基于軟件代理）基礎設施。同樣，它被認為是必要的，從整體上研究這個話題。傳

3、感器設計：在這里研究的重點將是發(fā)展的（微型）傳感器和傳感器（形狀記憶合金。特別是，形狀記憶合金是一類智能材料，是有吸引力/體（MEMS）等，這些材料可以使用作為微傳感器和致動器的組成部分。MEMS 領域的活動，其中一些技術已經足夠成熟，可能的商業(yè)應用出現。一些例子是微化學分析儀，濕度和壓力傳感器， MEMS 流量控制，合成射流激勵器和光學MEMS（下一代互聯網。將形狀MEMS 研究界是一個相對較新的努力，據我們所知，只有一組（格雷格卡門教授，機械工程，美國加州大學洛杉磯分校） 已經成功地演示了動態(tài)特性，基于SMA- MEMS利用傳感和驅動功能的智能材料設計和制造有用的和經濟上可行的微型傳感器和

4、執(zhí)行器。智能屋”的無線和有線通信服務來分析和驗證。雖然其中一些已經廣泛地探討，許多問題已經得到很少或根本沒有注意。建議探討以下問題： 測量的信道統(tǒng)計在住宅環(huán)境：室內無線信道統(tǒng)計的知識是至關重要率，數據傳輸速率，調制技術，差錯控制碼的的無線鏈路。干擾，信道失真，頻譜限制，產生的結果為殘疾人（輪椅的設備，四站，監(jiān)控設備等）特別感興趣。增強室內無線通信天線的設計，分析和驗證。室內無線通信的需要結構緊湊，堅固耐用的天線。新的天線設計，優(yōu)化所需的數據傳輸速率，工作頻率和空間的要求，可以考慮。最近已經商業(yè)化的驗證和分析的室內無線網絡：無線網絡標準， 準，以滿足一般的需求。性能/成本權衡。不同的無線網絡配置

5、的測量和分析，以便確定適當的網絡設計。應該是簡單而靈活地提供實時有效的代理操作。同時，它應該是分層的剛性，以允許執(zhí)行的規(guī)則和限制，確保的居民建筑系統(tǒng)的安全。必須解決這些矛盾的要求，通過設計一個新的架構，將系統(tǒng)中的所有代理共享。強大的決策和控制結構，學習代理：實現終身學習的能力，代理于計算智能技術的融合和推理機制。 “定位和提取”;系統(tǒng)是遵循和采用”1）聚類方法，分類的樹木和關聯發(fā)現重要（2）神經模糊和以規(guī)則調查的框架普適計算的特點：考慮分布式和基于互聯網的系統(tǒng)，“，這讓在這些領域的許多聰明屋”無處不在的計算基（這種方法有明顯的相似之處伽瑪的方法，約翰遜和Vlissides 設計模式”）初步框架

6、，隨后將作為智能家居的軟件系統(tǒng)的基（或圖案已發(fā)現的普適計算。（VV）普適計算的問題，房子會提供一個測試床。房子將被用作評估車輛，以確定哪些VV 技術，工具或方法，如果沒有，在此標桿”VV 活動中無處不在的計算。其他技術領域：該項目還計劃調查了一些其他領域，如照明系統(tǒng)，安防系統(tǒng)，加熱，通風和空調等，例如，能源效率方面，該項目目前預計承擔的兩項研究：;當前和預期的使用由現有居民的房子， 等等。替代能源發(fā)電的能源使用模式的比較可以很容易地通過檢測每 Penta 的總能量系統(tǒng)允許的直接比較兩個先進的系統(tǒng)性能。Increasing an individuas quality of life via th

7、eir intelligent homeThe hypothesis of this project is: can an individuals quality of life be increased by integrating “intelligent technolog” into their home environment. This hypothesis is very broad, and hence the researchers will investigate it regard to various, potentially over-lapping, sub-sec

8、tions of the population. In particular, the project will focus on sub-sections with health-care needs, because it is believed that these sub-sections will receive the greatest benefit from this enhancedapproachtohousing.Tworesearchquestionsflowfromthishypothesis:what are the health-care issues that

9、could be improved via intelligent housin, and what are the technological issues needing to be solved to allow“intelligent housin” to be constructed? While a small number of initiatives exist, outside Canada, which claim to investigate this area, none has the global vision of this area. Work tends to

10、 be in small areas with only a limited idea of how the individual pieces contribute towards a greater goal. This project has a very strong sense what it is trying to attempt, and believes that without this global direction other initiatives will fail to address the large important issues described w

11、ithin various parts ofthis proposal, and that with the correct globaldirection the sum of the parts will produce much greater rewards than the individual components. This new field has many parallels with the field of business process engineering, where many products fail due to only considering a s

12、ub-set of the issues, typically technologysubset.Successfulprojectsandimplementationsonlystartedflowpeople started to realize that a holistic approach was essential. This holistic requirement also applies to the field of“smart housin”; if we genuinely want it to have benefit to the community rather

13、than just technological interest. Having said this, much of the work outlined below is extremely important and contains a great deal of novelty within their individual topics.Health-Care and Supportive housing：To date, there has been little coordinated research on how“smart house technologiescanassi

14、stfrailseniorsinremainingathome,and/orreducetheexperienced by their informal caregivers. Thus, the purpose of the proposed researchis to determine the usefulness of a variety of residential technologies in helping seniorsmaintaintheirindependenceandinhelpingcaregiverssustaintheircaring activities.Th

15、e overall design of the research is to focus on two groups of seniors. The first is seniors who are being discharged from an acute care setting with the potential for reduced ability to remain independent. An example is seniors who have had replacement surgery. This group may benefit from technologi

16、es that would help them become adapted to theirreduced mobility. The second iseniors who have a chronic health problem such as dementia and who are receiving assistance from an informal caregiver living at a distance. Informal caregivers living at a distance from cared-for senior are at high risk of

17、 caregiver burnout. Monitoring the cared-for senior for health and safety is one of the important tasks done by such caregivers.Devices such as floor sensors (to determine whether the senior has fallen) and access controls to ensure safety from intrudersor to indicate elopement bya senior dementia c

18、ould reduce caregiver time spent commuting to monitor the senior.For both samples, trials would consist of extended periods of residence within the smart hous. Samples of seniors being discharged from acute care would be recruited from acute care hospitals. Samples of seniors being cared for by info

19、rmal caregivers at a distance could be recruited through dementia diagnosis clinics through request from caregivers for respite.Limitedamountsofclinicalandhealthserviceresearchhasbeenconductedupon seniors (with complex health problems) in controlled environments such as that represented by the “smar

20、t hous. For example, it is known that night vision of the aged is poor but there is very little information regarding the optimum of lighting after wakening or for night activities. Falling is a major issue for older persons; and it results in injuries, disabilities and additional health care costs.

21、Forthosewithdementingillnesses,safetyisthekeyissueduringperformance of the activities of daily living (ADL). It is vital for us to be able to where patients would fallduring ADL. Patients and caregivers activities would monitored and data will be collected in the following conditions.Projects would

22、concentrate on sub-populations, with a view to collecting scientificdataabouttheirconditionsandtheimpactoftechnologyupontheirlife styles. For example:-Persons with stable chronic disability following a stroke and their caregivers: to research optimum models, types and location of various sensors for

23、 such patients (these patients may have neglect, hemiplegia, aphasia and judgment problems); to research pattern of movements during the ambulation, use of wheel chairs or on various type of floor material; to research caregivers support through e-health technology; to monitor frequencies and locati

24、on of the falls; to evaluate the value of smart appliances forstroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate information and communication technology set up for Tele-homecare; to evaluate technology interface for Tele-homecare staff and clients; to evaluate the most effective of lighting the various pa

25、rt of the house; to modify or develop new technology enhance comfort and convenience of stroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate the value of surveillance systems in assisting caregivers.- Persons with Alzheimes disease and their caregivers: to evaluate the effect of smart house (unfamiliar envir

26、onment) on their ability to conduct self-care with andwithoutprompting;toevaluatetheirabilitytouseunfamiliarequipmentinthe smart house; to evaluate and monitor persons with Alzheimes disease movement pattern;toevaluateandmonitorfallsorwandering;toevaluatethetypeandmodel of sensors to monitor patient

27、s; to evaluate the effect of wall color for patients and care givers; to evaluate the value of proper lighting.Technology - Ubiquitous Computing：The ubiquitous computing infrastructure is viewed as the backbone of the intelligenc” withinthe house.In common withall ubiquitouscomputingsystems, theprim

28、arycomponentswiththissystemwillbe:thearrayofsensors,the communication infrastructure and the software control (based upon software agents) infrastructure. Again, it is considered essential that this topic is holistically.Sensor design: The focus of research here will be development of (micro)-sensor

29、s and sensor arrays using smart materials, e.g. piezoelectric materials, magneto strictivematerialsandshapememoryalloys(SMAs).Inparticular,SMAsareaclass of smart materials that are attractive candidates for sensing and actuating applications primarily because of their extraordinarily high work outpu

30、t/volume ratio compared to other smart materials. SMAs undergo a solid-solid phase transformation when subjected to an appropriate regime of mechanical and thermal load, resulting in a macroscopic change in dimensions and shape; this change is recoverable by reversing the thermo mechanical loading a

31、nd is known as a one-way shapememoryeffect.Duetothismaterialfeature,SMAscanbeusedasbothasensor and an actuator. A very recent development is an effort to incorporate SMAs in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) so that these materials can be used as integral parts of micro-sensors and actuators.ME

32、MSareanareaofactivitywheresomeofthetechnologyismatureenoughfor possible commercial applications to emerge. Some examples are micro-chemical analyzers, humidity and pressure sensors, MEMS for flow control, synthetic jet actuators and optical MEMS (for the next generation internet). Incorporating in M

33、EMS is a relatively new effort in the research community; to the best of our knowledge, only one group (Prof. Greg Carman, Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles) has successfully demonstrated the dynamic properties of SMA-based MEMS. Here, the focus will be to harness the sen

34、sing and actuation capabilities of smart materials to design and fabricate useful and economically viable micro-sensors and actuators.Communications: Construction and use of an “intelligent house” offers extensive opportunities to analyze and verify the operation of wireless and wired home-based com

35、munication services. While some of these are already widely explored, many of the issues have received littleor no attention. It is proposed toinvestigate the following issues:- Measurement of channel statistics in a residential environment: knowledge the indoor wireless channel statistics is critic

36、al for enabling the design efficient transmitters and receivers, as well as determining appropriate levelsof signal power, data transfer rates, modulation techniques, and codes for thewireless links.Interference, channel distortion, and limitationsthatarisesasaresultofequipmentforthedisabled(wheelch

37、airs, IV stands, monitoring equipment, etc.) is of particular interest.Design, analysis, and verification of enhanced antennas for indoor wireless communications.Indoorwirelesscommunicationspresenttheneedforcompactrugged antennas. New antenna designs, optimized for desired data rates, frequency of o

38、peration, and spatial requirements, could be considered.Verification and analysis of operation of indoor wireless networks:wireless networking standards for home automation have recently been commercialized. Integration of one or more of these systems into the smart house would theopportunitytoverif

39、ytheoperationofthesesystems,examinetheir limitations, and determine whether the standards are over-designed to meet typical requirements.Determination of effective communications wiring plans forsmart homes: there exist performance/cost tradeoffs regarding wired and wireless infrastructure. Measurem

40、ent and analysis of various wireless network configurations will allow for determination of appropriate network designs.Consideration of coordinating indoor communication systems with larger-scale communication systems:indoor wireless networks are local to the vicinity theresidence.There exist broad

41、er-scale networks, such asthe cellular telephone network, fixed wireless networks, and satellite-based networks.The viability and usefulness of compatibility between these services for the purposes of health-care monitoring,the tracking of dementia patients, etc needs to beconsidered.Software Agents

42、 and their Engineering: An embedded-agent can be considered the equivalent of supplying a friendly expert with a product. Embedded-agents for Intelligent Buildings pose a number of challenges both at the level of the methodology as well as the resulting detailed implementation. Projects in thisareaw

43、ill include：Architectures for large-scale agent systems for human inhabited environment: successfuldeploymentofagenttechnologyinresidential/extendedcare environments requires the design of new architectures for these systems. A suitable architecture should be simpleand flexible to provide efficient

44、agent operation in real time. At the same time, it should be hierarchical and toallowenforcementofrulesandrestrictionsensuringsafetyoftheinhabitants of the building system. These contradictory requirements have to be resolved bydesigninganewarchitecturethatwillbesharedbyallagentsinthesystem.RobustDe

45、cisionandControlStructuresforLearningAgents:toachievelife-long learning abilities, the agents need to be equipped with powerful mechanisms for learning and adaptation. Isolated use of some traditional learning systems notpossibleduetohigh-expectedlifespanoftheseagents.Weintendtodevelop hybridlearnin

46、gsystemscombiningseverallearningandrepresentation techniques in an emergent fashion. Such systems will apply different approaches based on their own maturity and on the amount of change necessary to adapt anewsituationorlearnnewbehaviors.Tocopewithhighlevelsof non-determinism (from such sources as i

47、nteraction with unpredictable human users), robust behaviors will be designed and implemented capable of dealing with different types of uncertainty (e.g. probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty) usingadvancedtechniquesforsensoryanddatafusion,andinferencemechanisms based on techniques of computational i

48、ntelligence.Automatic modeling of real-world objects, including individual householders: The problemshere are: “the locating and extractin” of informationessential for representation of personality and habits of an individual; development systemsthat“followandadoptt”individuasmoodandbehavior.Thesolu

49、tions, based on data mining and evolutionary techniques, witilize: (1) clustering methods, classification tress and association discovery techniques for the classificationandpartitionofimportantrelationshipsamongdifferent attributes for various features belonging to an individual, this is an essenti

50、alelement in finding behavioral patterns of an individual; and (2) neuro-fuzzyandrule-basedsystemswithlearningandadaptationcapabilitiesusedtodevelop models of an individuas characteristics, this isessential for and prediction of potential activities and forward planning.Investigation of framework ch

51、aracteristics for ubiquitous computing: Consider distributed and internet-based systems, which perhaps have the most in common with ubiquitous computing, here again, the largest impact is not from specific software engineering processes, but is from available software frameworks or toolkit, which al

52、low the rapid construction and deployment of many of the systems in these areas. Hence, it is proposed that the construction of the ubiquitous computing infrastructure for the“smart house” should also be utilized as a software engineering study. Researchers would start by visiting the few genuine ub

53、iquitous computing systems in existence today, to try to build up an initial picture of the functionality of the framework. (This approach has obviously parallels with the approach of Gamma, Helm, Johnson and Vlissides deployed for their groundbreaking work o“design pattern”. Unfortunately, in compa

54、rison to their work, the sample size here will be extremely small, hence, additional work will be required to produce reliable answers.) This initial framework will subsequently be used as the basis of the smart hous s software system. Undoubtedly, this initial framework will substantially evolve du

55、ring the construction ofthe system, as the requirements of ubiquitous computingenvironmentunfold.Itisbelievedthatsuchcloseinvolvementinthe construction of a system is a necessary component in producing a truly useful and reliable artifact. By the end of the construction phase, it is expected produce

56、 a stable framework, which can demonstrate that a large number of essentialcharacteristics(orpatterns)havebeenfoundforubiquitous computing.Validation and Verification(V&V) issues for ubiquitouscomputing: it is hoped thatthehousewillprovideatest-bedforinvestigatingvalidationand verification (V&V) issues for ubiquitous computing. The house will be used an assessment vehicle to determine which, if any, V&V techniques, tools or approaches are useful within this environment. Further, it is planned to this trial facility available to