英語綜合教程3 第7 單元第二部分完成版課件

1、The diva withinActive reading (2)詞匯Paragraph 1Can anyone learn to sing? I ts a question that haunted（環(huán)繞、纏繞） me as I was writing my most recent book The singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality （音樂欣賞能力）is deeply embedded （使融入） in the human genome （基因組、染色體組）, with far more an

2、cient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was , unable to carry a tune or match a rhythm. Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been “turned off from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice . Maybe they were right. So hu

3、miliated was I by music teachers who made me opportunity and havent participated in anything musical for over 35 years .Perhaps I could learn to sing. 考古學家史蒂文 米森在學習唱歌的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)，音樂確實可以改變?nèi)说乃季S方式。人人都能學會唱歌嗎？在撰寫我最新出版的唱著歌的尼安德特人一書時，這個問題就一直縈繞在我的心頭。 我做的研究讓我相信音樂才能是深深植根于人類基因中的，從進化史的角度來說，它比人類的口頭語言都要古老得多。 可是我本人一唱起歌來不是

4、跑調(diào)，就是跟不上節(jié)奏。 朋友們和學術(shù)同僚們都說，那都是因為我小時候?qū)σ魳肥チ伺d趣，只要上幾節(jié)音樂課，我一定能放聲歌唱。 也許他們是對的。 記得小時候，音樂老師們讓我在全班同學面前獨“唱”，讓我覺得很丟臉。所以后來一有機會，我就躲開音樂，35年來從來沒有參加過任何音樂活動。 說不定學一學我也能唱得不錯。Paragraph 2The more I thought about It , the more I realized that here was an opportunity not be missed. As well as testing whether I could improve

5、my tone, pitch and rhythm, perhaps I could also find out what was happening inside my brain as I tried to learn how to sing. I had recently read an article by researcher Larry Parsons at the university of Sheffield , UK, entitled （題名）“The song system of the human brain ” ,and then met him at a confe

6、rence . With the help of functional （實用的）MRI he had begun to identify which areas of the brain are recruited when we engage with music. Some of these areas are evidently （顯然的）used for both music and other activities and some , such as the planum polare , in the temporal lobe, appear to be specialize

7、d for processing music . I wanted to know whether learning to sing could actually change the way my brain worked. 我越想就越覺得這是個不容錯過的好機會。 除了看看能不能改善我的音調(diào)、音高和節(jié)奏感之外，或許我還能發(fā)現(xiàn)學習唱歌的時候大腦會有什么樣的變化。 最近讀了英國謝菲爾德大學研究員拉里 帕森斯的一篇文章，題目是“人類大腦中的歌唱系統(tǒng)”，后來又在一次會上見到了他。 那時候他已經(jīng)開始用功能磁共振成像來確定人在從事音樂活動時大腦中被調(diào)動起來的區(qū)域。 這些區(qū)域中有一些顯然既在音樂活動，又在

8、其他活動中起作用，而另一些，比如顳葉中顳上回的前部，似乎是專門用于處理音樂的。 我很想知道學唱歌是否真的能改變大腦的活動方式。 2005年圣誕節(jié)前，我給拉里發(fā)了一封電子郵件，提議跟他合作一個實驗：我要先做一個腦部掃描，邊唱歌邊掃描，然后上一年的音樂課，之后再做一次掃描，看看大腦是否會發(fā)生一些變化。 拉里同意合作，于是我就給自己找了一名聲樂老師，她叫帕姆 切爾弗斯，2006年年初，我們?nèi)齻€人聚在一起，設(shè)計了研究方案。 方案決定讓我接受八個有關(guān)音樂技巧訓練的測試，涵蓋各種音樂活動，比如高音音準練習、音階和節(jié)奏練習。 我還要學唱兩首歌，一首是約翰 拉特的蓋爾人的祝禱文，另一首是亨德爾的請讓我哭泣吧。

9、 聽帕姆唱這兩首歌，讓我想起了寫這本書的動力：為什么進化會創(chuàng)造出這樣的一個物種，擁有如此美妙的歌喉？ Paragraph 4Before the first scanning sessions I had a couple of lessons to get me used to singing and provide the rudiments （基本技巧）of reading music. I think Pam was shocked at my lack of ability-she is used to teaching experienced musicians and preco

10、cious （早熟的）children and hadnt actually believed me when I had said that I couldnt sing in tune or follow a rhythm. She soon learned better. The scan took place in June 2006 and was a grueling experience. We agreed that I would be tested on eight technical exercises, covering various musical tasks su

11、ch as sustaining （維持、保持）a pitch, singing scales and in rhythm. I would also learn two songs: A Gaelic Blessing by John Rutter and Lascia chio pianga by Handel. Listening to Pam sing these reminded me about my motivation for writing my book: Why should evolution have create a species that can sing wi

12、th such remarkable beauty?Then begin a year of lessons.Pam taught me about posture and breathing;she gave me tasks to help me sing in tune and to expand my range . Once my pitch had improved ,we worked on rhythm ,and then tone and dynamics .She was always encouaging and optismistics .whereas I was a

13、 pretty poor student - lacking in confidence , getting frustrated and probably not working as hard as I should . In The Singing Neanderthal I argued that singing is a means for achieving well-being through Social bonding .Sadly , that was not my experience I simply became cross ,stressed and dissati

14、sfied . My singging wasnt good for my family life either,as my children didnt appreciate the late-night practising .nevertheless,I persevered and although my progress was limited ,I did actually begin to enjoys some aspects of the venture ,especially Lascia chio pianga. On a few occasions when singi

15、ng with my wife we both experiencedFleeting feelings of emotional intimacy as our voices blended into one but then I would stumble and the moment would be lost.Paragraph 5接著，我上了一年的音樂課。 帕姆教我唱歌時的站姿和呼吸方法；讓我做一些有助于找準音調(diào)、擴展音域的練習。 我音高上去了之后，開始做節(jié)奏感、音色和力度方面的練習。 她不停地鼓勵我，對我充滿信心，而我卻是個差勁的學生：缺乏自信心，常常感到沮喪，還不夠用功。 在唱著

16、歌的尼安德特人一書中，我指出唱歌是通過社會交往增加幸福感的一種方式。 可令人遺憾的是，我自己的經(jīng)歷卻并不能證明這一點唱歌讓我變得脾氣暴躁，壓力重重，還心懷不滿。 學唱歌對我的家庭生活也沒有什么好處，孩子們不喜歡我大晚上練歌。 盡管如此，我還是堅持了下來，雖然提高有限，但這項實驗的某些方面還是讓我很享受，尤其是請讓我哭泣吧這首曲子。 有幾次我和妻子一起合唱，當我們的歌聲合二為一時，剎那間我們感受到了情感的交融可不一會兒我就跑調(diào)了，那美好的時刻也隨即消逝了。The second brain scan, in july 2007,was as challenging as the first . W

17、e repeated the same technical exercises and song exactly the same way.Lying still was even more frustrating then the last time because I had learned that moving my body was as important to singing as was flexing my vocal cords . I left the scanner feeling exhausted, but this time I was also elated t

18、hat my work for the experiment was done It was now over to larry to compare my “before ” and “after”scans to see whether the year of singing had changes my brain .I was doubtful,because I felt my singing had barely improved. So I was surprised when Larry told me that not only had there been signific

19、ant changes in my brain activity,but that these fitted with his understanding of how the brain supports musical performance. So, can anyone learn to sing? I am still not sure, but I did learn more about singing by spending a year trying to do it than in years reading about it. By understanding just

20、how remarkably difficult it is to sing-to simultaneously and unconsciously manage pitch, rhythm, timbre, tone and dynamics-I am even more mystified as to why humans have evolved such an amazing ability. EncoreLiterally ad. 1. 確實地；真正地；不加夸張地 2.照字面意思地Haunt Vt. 1.縈繞在心頭；纏繞 2.(鬼魂）常出沒于EmbedVt. 1.使成為（的）重要部分

21、；使融入 2.使插入；使嵌入重點單詞：EntitleVt 1.給（書、詩歌、樂曲）題名；給 命名 2.給（某人）權(quán)利；給（某人）資格SustainVt 1.維持，保持 2.使保持體力（或精力、希望）；支撐SubtractV 減掉；去掉in turn 輪流，依次 turn off 關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向 turn into v. 變成；進入 turn on 打開，發(fā)動 turn out 生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是；關(guān)掉；出動；驅(qū)逐 turn over 移交給；翻閱；把翻過來；發(fā)動；營業(yè)額達到；反復考慮 turn left v. 向左轉(zhuǎn) turn right v. 向右轉(zhuǎn) turn around 船只留港

22、 turn in 交上；歸還；拐入；告發(fā)；口上床睡覺 turn back 往回走；阻擋；翻回到 turnturn up 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn)；卷起；使仰臥 turn out to be 結(jié)果是；原來是 turn down 拒絕；向下轉(zhuǎn)折 turn from 對感到厭惡 your turn 輪到你；該你了 turn away 避開；解雇；不準入內(nèi)；走開；轉(zhuǎn)過臉 turn round 轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向；歸航；回車道；轉(zhuǎn)變 turn of the century 世紀之交；19世紀與20世紀轉(zhuǎn)換交替時期；19世紀末20世紀初 by turns 輪流；交替 turn 2.Number the events

23、 in they occurred. He drew up a plan with a researcher and a teacher . He had a couple of lessons and learnt how to read music. He discovered changes in the way his brain worked. He learnt how to breathe properly. The writer decided he wanted to learn to sing. He had a second brain scan. He had a br

24、ain scan. He became depressed with his slow progress. He did exercises to develop a sense of rhythm. reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions 1 Why did the writer take part in the experiment? (a) To sing with his wife. (b) To find out more about his brain. (c) To do researc

25、h for a book about Neanderthal humans. (d) To investigate the relationship between singing and brain activity. d2 How did the experiment affect his family life? (a) He spent a lot of time singing with his wife and children. (b) He made his children practise late at night. (c) He disturbed his childr

26、en by singing late at night. (d) His marriage nearly came to an end. c3 What results did the experiment show? (a) There is no connection between singing ability and brain activity. (b) It is not possible to sing lying down. (c) Regular brain scans can improve singing ability. (d) There is a connecti

27、on between singing ability and brain activity.d 4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to continue trying to achieve something difficult (persevere) 2 used for showing that something you say is really true (literally)3 a new business or activity (venture)4 the belief that you are abl

28、e to do things well (confidence) 5 to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist (sustain)6 feeling annoyed and impatient (frustrated) to grow in (4) . In fact, I managed to (5) enthusiasm to such an extent that, at the age of 35, I gave up my job as a data analyst to become a pro

29、fessional musician. In my case, music (6) changed my life. confidencesustain literally6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. blend blessing entitle evidently functional scanner subtract 1 What I play the piano I usually mix different styles such as jazz and cla

30、ssical.2 One of my favourite pieces of music is called The Planets.3 I thought I would learn quickly, but I was clearly mistaken.4 How much is left if we take off 80 euros from your fee?5 The photocopier is broken, but you can use the machine which copies images and stores them on a computer.blenden

31、titleevidentlysubtractscanner6 To have such wonderful children has been a great source of happiness for us both.7 The new hospital is open now, but it isnt working as it should.blessingfunctional7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you are haunted by something, do you think ab

32、out it (a)often, or (b) hardly ever?2 If you are turned off from something, do you (a) show interest in it,or (b) lose interest in it?3 When someone collaborates with you, do they (a) help you, or (b）prevent you from doing what you want to do?aba4 Are the rudiments of musical knowledge (a) the basic

33、 facts, or (b) the most recent discoveries?5 Does a precocious child show skills and intelligence (a)above, or (b) below the average?6 Are excerpts from a film of a piece of music (a)short extracts, or (b) critical reviews?aaa7 If you do something in the intimacy of your own home, do you expect (a)

34、strangers, or (b) only you own family to see you do it?8 If you stumble, do you (a) fall and then keep going, or (b) fall and stop completely?9 If you feel elated about something, do you feel (a) very happy, or (b) very sad?baa8 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The title “The diva wit

35、hin”suggests that_. (a) artists have very private lives (b) anyone can be a good singer (c) great musicians are born, not made (d) to become a good singer, you have to think a lot2 The word encore is used because_. (a) it refers to a second performance of something (b) it is usually used in a musica

36、l context (c) it suggests that people are happy with a performance (d) all three of the above reasonsbd9 Decide if the writers experiences are motivating (M) or frustrating (F).1 writing a book called The Singing Neanderthals 2 his childhood experience with a music teacher 3 meeting Larry Parsons at

37、 the University of Sheffield 4 listening to Pam sing 5 monitoring his own progress as a student of singing 6 the effect on family life as he practised 7 lying still during the second brain scan 8 leaving the scanner after the second brain scan 9 seeing the results of the second scan MMMMMFFFF6 Trans

38、late the paragraphs into Chinese1 Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; its just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of the perception is that red lights happen more than green lights. The reason for this i

39、s simply that a driver has more time to think about a red light than a green light, because while the latter is gone in seconds and indeed is an experience no different from just driving along the open road the red light forces a change of behaviour, a moment of exertion and stress, and then a depri

40、vation of freedom for a minute or so. Red lights stick in the mind,while green lights are instantly forgotten.司機不趕時間的時候碰到的紅燈其實和趕時間的時候一樣多；只是如果時間不緊急，紅燈帶來的不便要小得多。認為紅燈出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)比綠燈多其實是一種錯覺。產(chǎn)生這種錯覺的原因很簡單，因為司機有更多的時間去想紅燈，而綠燈的時候，車子幾秒鐘之內(nèi)就疾馳而過了這其實和在暢通的公路上開車沒有任何區(qū)別而紅燈卻迫使司機改變行為，一小會兒的時間里要強迫自己努力一下,承受點壓力，還要失去一兩分鐘的自由。所以紅燈

41、會深深地印在司機的腦海里，而綠燈轉(zhuǎn)瞬間就被拋到腦后了。2 Can anyone learn to sing? Its a question that haunted me as I was writing my most recent book The Singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was, unable to carry a tune or match a rhythm. Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been “turned off” from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. Maybe they were right. So humiliated was I by music teachers who mad