初中英語代詞詳解

1、 7/7初中英語代詞詳解 代詞 一、定義與分類 代詞是代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。代詞根據(jù)其意思和用法可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞九類。 二、人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞用法概述 這三種代詞都有人稱（一、二、三人稱）的變化、數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)）的變化，以及性（陰性、陽性、中性）的變化。其中，人稱代詞除了這三種變化外，還有格（主格、賓格）的變化。 物主代詞又包括兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。特別注意：形容詞性物主代詞its沒有相應(yīng)的名詞性物主代詞。 這三種代詞的形式變化表如下： 人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格 形容詞性 物主

2、代詞 名詞性 物主代詞 反身代詞 第一人稱單數(shù)I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù)we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱單數(shù)you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù)you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its 無itself 復(fù)數(shù)they them their theirs themselves 三、人稱代詞的用法 1) 定義：人稱代詞是用來指代人、動物或事物的代詞。它必須在人稱(第一人稱、第二人稱、及第

3、三人稱)、數(shù)（單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)）以及性（陰性、陽性、中性）三方面與被指代的名詞一致。 如：Tom is a boy, and he（代指第三人稱單數(shù)Tom）is a student. Mary is very pretty, and she（代指第三人稱單數(shù)Mary）likes singing. The boys are students, and they（代指第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)The boys）are in the room. The dog is small. It（代之第三人稱單數(shù)The dog）is Toms. 2)人稱代詞的句法功能 A)人稱代詞有主格和賓語之分：主格用作主語和表語，賓格用作

4、賓語。 如: I like music(主語). She is a teacher. (主語) She and I are good friends(主語). Neither she nor I am student. I saw the boys this morning. Are you sure it was them(表語)? B) 人稱代詞的賓格在句子作動詞的賓語，或者介詞的賓語。 如：I saw him at the party(動詞see的賓語). I havent seen them recently. (動詞see的賓語) I bought a book for them.(

5、作介詞for的賓語) =I bought them a book.(作介詞buy的間接賓語) C) 單獨使用的人稱代詞通常用賓格，即使它充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z也是如此。如： “I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜歡英語?！薄拔乙蚕矚g?！?Who did it? Them.(=They did it) 四、物主代詞的用法 1）定義： 物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，不能單獨使用；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，相當(dāng)于一個名詞詞組，可以單獨使用，在句中用作主語、賓語、表語、和介詞of連

6、用。如： Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容詞性物主代詞its作name的定語） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容詞性物主代詞her作bicycle的定語） Is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞) 2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能 a. 作主語 如：May I use your pen? Y ours (=your pen) works better. b. 作賓語 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours (=your motherl

7、and). 我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。 c. 作介詞賓語 I am writing with your pen, not with mine(=my pen). d. 作表語 如：My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。 3）形容詞性物主代詞的用法 A) 形容詞性物主代詞與形容詞一起修飾名詞時,其順序是:形容詞性物主代詞+形容詞+名詞。如: My new bike 我的新自行車 her young son 她年幼的兒子 B) 形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。如: My pen 我的鋼筆 Hi

8、s books 他的書 C) 形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用,它后面必須跟名詞,即在名詞前作定語。 如: 這是我的鋼筆. 誤This pen is my.（錯誤的原因：my在此句中單獨使用） 正This is my pen. D) 當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,不能再用冠詞來修飾名詞（注：冠詞包括定冠詞the和不定冠詞a, an兩類）。如: 那是我的自行車. 誤That is my a bike. / That is a bike. 錯誤原因：不定冠詞a和形容詞性物主代詞my同時出現(xiàn) 正That is my bike. 3)當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,不能再用指示代詞this, tha

9、t, these或those來修飾名詞。 如:他們的電腦在這兒。 誤Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) 錯誤原因：指示代詞those和形容詞性物主代詞there同時出現(xiàn) 正Their computers are here. 注意：A) 名詞性物主代詞后不能跟名詞，或代詞one。它總是單獨出現(xiàn)在句中。 如：The umbrella is mine.（mine=my umbrella） He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers.(hers=her pen) B) 名詞性物

10、主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的-s屬格結(jié)構(gòu). 如：Jacks cap 意為The cap is Jacks. His cap 意為The cap is his

11、. D) 可以說a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能說a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)這種說法絕對錯誤。 E) 有時同一個結(jié)構(gòu)用不用物主代詞會導(dǎo)致含義的變化。如： Dont lose heart. 別灰心（lose heart：灰心） She lost her heart to Jim. 她愛上了吉姆。（lose ones heart to sb: 愛上某人） 五、反身代詞的用法 1）定義： 如人稱代詞一致，反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)以及性要和它

12、所指代的名詞或代詞一致。 2）反身代詞的句法功能 反身代詞可用作賓語、同位語、表語等。用作同位語時，主要用于加強被修飾詞的語氣，可緊放在被修飾名詞后或句末。 如： He himself was a doctor. (同位語) =He was a doctor himself. She is too young to look after herself. （賓語） I dont blame you, I blame myself(賓語). He cut himself when he was cooking. (賓語) That poor boy was myself.（表語） 那個可憐的孩子

13、就是我自己。 注意：反身代詞用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表語表示身體或精神所處的狀態(tài)。如：Ill be myself again in no time. 我一會兒就會好的。 He doesnt feel himself today.他今天感覺身體不舒服 Im not quite myself these days. 我近來身體不大舒服。 代詞練習(xí)題 第一部分人稱代詞的練習(xí)題 一、按要求寫出相應(yīng)的人稱代詞。 1.I(賓格) 2.she(賓格) 3.we(賓格) 4.it(主格) 5.them(主格) 6.him(主格) 7.she(復(fù)數(shù)) http:/./doc/0a63

14、e944da38376baf1fae8e.html (單數(shù)) 9.I(復(fù)數(shù)) 10.him(復(fù)數(shù)) 11.you(單數(shù)) 二、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空。 1. (He/I) is my father. 2. (She/They) are Toms grandparents. 3. (We/I) am Jims new friend. 4. Look at that white dog. (They/It) is my brothers. 5. Where are (you/he) from? 6.-Do you like collecting stamps? -Y es, (you/we) do

15、. 三、用人稱代詞的主格或賓格填空。 1.Please pass the ball to (他). 2. (她)is watching a running race. 3.Would you like to go with (我們)? 4. Tomorrow is my fathers birthday. This present is for（他）. 5. The ball is Su Hais. Please give to . 6.-What are Toms sisters doing? - are watching TV. 第二部分物主代詞的練習(xí)題 一、翻譯下列詞組。 1.她的手表

16、2.我們的學(xué)校 3.我最喜歡的季節(jié) 4.他的明信片 5.你的新自行車 6.他們的教室 二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~。 1. (他的)coat is black, (她的)is red. 2.whose wallet is this? -Its(我的)wallet. 3.whose wallet is this? -Its(我的). 4.Are these (你們的)skateboards? -Y es, they are (我們的). 5. Im a new student. name is Helen. 6. Nancy is my cousin. eyes are big. 7. We are

17、students. school is very nice. 8.What do people usually do at Spring Festival? -They visit relatives and friends. 三、將下列表格補充完整。 I you they me him her us my its mine yours its theirs 第三部分反身代詞練習(xí)題 （）1.A good writer i( )who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. A) that B) one C) this D) which （

18、）2. To be or not to be,( )is the question. A) what B) that C) which D) it （）3. The chemical composition of mans blood is similar to( )of sea water. A) that B) there C) which D) here （）4.I dont want to use Marys ball pen because I dont like( ). A) that ball pen of hers B) that her ball pen C) her tha

19、t ball pen D) that ball pen of her （）5.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially( )containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. A) one B) the one C) that D) such （）6. Todays young men are greatly different from( ). A) those of the past B) th

20、at of the past C) as the past D) those past （）7.She cant seem to help( ). And no one else can help her either. A) him B) himself C) her D) herself （）8.Children can usually dress( )by the age of five. A) themselves B) them C) selves D) ones （）9. ( )have known each other for ten years. A) I, you and h

21、e B) He, you and I. C) Y ou, he and I D) Y ou, he and me. （）10.England is justly proud of( )great poets, especially ( )in the 18th century. A) her.they B) his.them C) its.that D) its.those （）11. She had lost her notebook, would you like to lend her( )? A) your B) yours C) yourself D) mine （）12. John

22、 behaved so strangely today. I thought he wasnt acting like( ). A) him B) himself C) he would D) he does （）13.He has a bad cold and( )is why he didnt come. A) it B) this C) that D) there （）14.One should take care of( ). A) his health B) her health C) their healt D) ones health （）15.The speaker annou

23、nced that there was a big fire and directed( )nearest the door to leave first. A) that B) them C) those D) these （）16.“Jack certainly has a low opinion of Susan.”It can not be any worse than( )of him. A) hers B) she does C) her D) she （）17. Kate was beside( )with excitement as her wedding-day approa

24、ched. A) herself B) her C) hers D) she （）18. ( ) way shall we go? By the stream or through the wood? A) What B) Which C) Whose D) This （）19. He took( )look at my bike and asked me to buy( )new ( ). A) a.a.one B) the.a.one C) a.the.one D) the.a.one （）20.The primary responsibility in managing a dormit

25、ory rests with students( ). A) by itself B) only itself C) themselves D) their only 聚焦反身代詞 一、反身代詞的構(gòu)成 反身代詞又稱自身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其中，第一、二人稱的反身代詞由“形容詞性物主代詞 + 后綴-self（單數(shù)）/ - selves（復(fù)數(shù)）”構(gòu)成，第三人稱的反身代詞由“人稱代詞的賓格 + 后綴-self（單數(shù)）/ - selves（復(fù)數(shù)）”構(gòu)成。 【家庭成員】 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱 單數(shù)myself 1. _ himself 2. _ itself 復(fù)數(shù) 3. _ yourselv

26、es 4. _ 二、反身代詞的用法 本領(lǐng)展示 She called herself Xiao Zhang. 她自稱小張。 We can look after ourselves well. 我們會照顧好自己的。 The poor boy in the story is myself. 故事里的那個可憐的男孩就是我自己 They finished the work themselves. 他們獨自完成了工作。 Did you see Mr. Wang himself? 你見過王先生本人嗎？ 【規(guī)律總結(jié)】 反身代詞可以作動詞或介詞的賓語，如例句；可以作表語，如例句；可以作主語或賓語的同位語，用于加強語氣，意為“親自，本人”，如例句。 一些常用的固定搭配 look after oneself / take care of onese