2020廣東中考英語(yǔ)第三節(jié)-閱讀理解

1、2020廣東中考英語(yǔ)第三節(jié)-閱讀理解2020廣東中考英語(yǔ)第三節(jié)-閱讀理解01題 型 突 破02真 題 分 析03解 題 技 巧04高 分 特 訓(xùn)目錄導(dǎo)航 01題 型 突 破02真 題 分 析03解 題 技 巧04高題 型 突 破 從近幾年的廣東中考考題來(lái)看,閱讀理解題包括A、B、C三篇短文,每篇短文生詞率不超過(guò)3%。A篇是應(yīng)用文,一般以表格、圖表或配有圖片的短文出現(xiàn),本篇短文的5個(gè)考題基本上屬于文中細(xì)節(jié)題,都可以直接從文中找出答案,同學(xué)們?cè)诮獯餉篇閱讀時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,找準(zhǔn)句子,找準(zhǔn)信息點(diǎn)。A篇閱讀比較簡(jiǎn)單,要盡量不失分,但2017年出現(xiàn)了排序題,難度有所上升。題 型 突 破 從近幾年的廣東中

2、考考題來(lái)看,閱讀理解題包括AB篇是考查學(xué)生能力的短文,一般為說(shuō)明性的短文( 科普文 ),其中有23小題有些難度,可能會(huì)涉及文章的標(biāo)題( title )、主題( main idea )、結(jié)論( conclusion )、結(jié)局( end ),詞義猜測(cè)、代詞指代等有關(guān)問(wèn)題,在做題時(shí)需要仔細(xì)推敲,結(jié)合上下文,經(jīng)過(guò)推理、篩選最終才能得出結(jié)論,選出正確的答案。C篇為配對(duì)閱讀題,命題者給考生提供若干段簡(jiǎn)短的信息,讓學(xué)生把相應(yīng)的信息進(jìn)行配對(duì),屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題,難度不大,要盡量不失分。B篇是考查學(xué)生能力的短文,一般為說(shuō)明性的短文( 科普文 20172019年廣東中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分析年份篇序話題主題考點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)的課

3、標(biāo)要求和學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)2019A安全與救護(hù)校園內(nèi)外的欺凌現(xiàn)象文體:應(yīng)用文詞數(shù):247詞56細(xì)節(jié)理解題情感態(tài)度自信意志57細(xì)節(jié)理解題58細(xì)節(jié)理解題59細(xì)節(jié)理解題60推理判斷題20172019年廣東中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分析年份篇序話題2019B科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)機(jī)器人的特征文體:科普說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):262詞61代詞指代題情感態(tài)度國(guó)際視野62細(xì)節(jié)理解題63細(xì)節(jié)理解題64詞義猜測(cè)題65主旨大意題C學(xué)?；顒?dòng)學(xué)生組建社團(tuán)詞數(shù):320詞6670細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度動(dòng)機(jī)興趣2019B科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)機(jī)器人的特征61代詞指代題情感態(tài)2018A日常活動(dòng)世界蜜蜂日的海報(bào)文體:應(yīng)用文詞數(shù):260詞56細(xì)節(jié)理解題情感態(tài)度動(dòng)機(jī)興趣

4、57細(xì)節(jié)理解題58細(xì)節(jié)理解題59數(shù)字計(jì)算題60細(xì)節(jié)理解題2018A日?；顒?dòng)世界蜜蜂日的海報(bào)56細(xì)節(jié)理解題情感態(tài)度2018B科普知識(shí)物理知識(shí)光在水中的不同表現(xiàn)文體:科普說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):280詞61細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)習(xí)策略跨學(xué)科整合62細(xì)節(jié)理解題63詞義猜測(cè)題64細(xì)節(jié)理解題65主旨大意題C個(gè)人興趣、歷史與社會(huì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化詞數(shù):334詞6670細(xì)節(jié)題文化意識(shí)跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力2018B科普知識(shí)物理知識(shí)光61細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)習(xí)策略62017A故事與詩(shī)歌國(guó)際詩(shī)歌大賽文體:應(yīng)用文詞數(shù):233詞56細(xì)節(jié)理解題情感態(tài)度動(dòng)機(jī)興趣;文化意識(shí)跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力57細(xì)節(jié)理解題58細(xì)節(jié)理解題59細(xì)節(jié)理解題60邏輯排序題2017A

5、故事與詩(shī)歌國(guó)際詩(shī)歌大賽56細(xì)節(jié)理解題情感態(tài)度動(dòng)2017B科普知識(shí)介紹北極圈文體:科普說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):262詞61推理判斷題情感態(tài)度國(guó)際視野62細(xì)節(jié)理解題63詞義猜測(cè)題64細(xì)節(jié)理解題65主旨大意題C旅游與交通介紹絲綢之路的旅游路線詞數(shù):344詞6670細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度自信意志;文化意識(shí)跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力2017B科普知識(shí)介紹北極圈61推理判斷題情感態(tài)度國(guó)際視真 題 分 析 ( 2019廣東 )閱讀理解( 本大題有15小題,每小題2分,共30分 )閱讀短文,從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出能回答所提問(wèn)題或完成所給句子的最佳答案,并將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)涂黑。真 題 分 析 ( 2019廣東 )閱讀理解(

6、本大題AA( )56.According to the passage,the followings are bullying EXCEPT .A.calling people mean namesB.hitting peopleC.telling lies about people D.laughing with people細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中欺凌包括的形式有“calling people mean names”和“hitting people”和“telling lies about people”可知沒(méi)有和別人一起笑;故選D。D( )56.According to the pa (

7、)57.Cyberbullying means bullying .A.at school B.at home C.on the streetD.on the Internet細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“sending bad messages online”可知cyberbullying意思是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌”;故選D。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“sending bad message ( )58.When you get bad messages online, you should .A.share them with friends B.give them to your teacherC.reply to

8、them at once D.keep them as your secrets細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“If you get bad messages, dont reply.You should save them and give them to your teacher.”可知在網(wǎng)上收到壞信息,交給老師;故選B。B ( )58.When you get bad m ( )59.If you are not kind to someone, you should .A.say sorry to him B.talk about it in publicC.ask your parents

9、 to say sorry D.feel sad and keep quiet細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“Say sorry if you are not kind to someone.”可知對(duì)別人不友好應(yīng)該要說(shuō)抱歉;故選A。A ( )59.If you are not kin ( )60.This passage is mainly written for .A.teachers B.parentsC.childrenD.the police推理判斷題。根據(jù)“A great many children around the world are bullied every year.”和文章給

10、孩子們介紹什么是欺凌,面對(duì)欺凌應(yīng)該怎么做;可知主要是寫(xiě)給孩子們的;故選C。C ( )60.This passage is ma【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章列出了關(guān)于欺凌的一些現(xiàn)象和防范措施。欺凌會(huì)發(fā)生在校內(nèi)、校外和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,當(dāng)你遇到欺凌時(shí)要告訴老師、家長(zhǎng)或警察?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】BIn our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty.And we often see kids play with toy robots.But what exactly is a

11、robot? There are some important characteristics( 特征 ) that a robot must have.These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before itcan be considered as a robot.A robot has these important cha

12、racteristics.SensingFirst of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it.Give your robot sensors ( 傳感器 ):light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors ( hands ), chemical sensors ( nose ), hearing sensors ( ears ) and taste sensors ( tongue ).MovementA robot needs to be able to m

13、ove around its environment.It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines( 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) ).A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.EnergyA robot needs to be able to power itself.Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity, while others with th

14、e battery( 電池 ).The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts”.A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”.The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to d

15、o.B( )61.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about .A.the toyB.the characteristicC.the machineD.the engine代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.( 在它被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)機(jī)器人之前,這些特征能幫你決定你在機(jī)器里組裝什么 )”,可知it在這里指的是機(jī)器,故選C。C( )

16、61.The underlined word “i ( )62.The chemical sensors may help a robot to .A.see B.catch C.hear D.smell細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段chemical sensors ( nose ),可知鼻子是用來(lái)聞的;故選D。D ( )62.The chemical sensors ( )63.In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“S

17、ome robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery.”可知有太陽(yáng)能、電和電池三個(gè)方法;故選B。B ( )63.In how many ways can ( )64.The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is .A.能源B.勤奮 C.智能 D.外觀詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“A robot needs some kind of smarts” 和“it kno

18、ws what it is to do.( 它知道做什么 ),”可猜測(cè)是智能;故選C。C ( )64.The Chinese meanin ( )65.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To help people understand what a robot is.B.To tell what a robot can do in our life.C.To describe the movement of a robot.D.To introduce the history of robots.A ( )65.What is the mai

19、n pu主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics( 特征 ) that a robot must have.These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered a

20、s a robot.A robot has these important characteristics.”和后面介紹的機(jī)器人應(yīng)該有的特征,可知文章的目的是幫助人們理解什么是機(jī)器人;故選A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“But what exactl【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了機(jī)器人應(yīng)該具有的特征:有感官,會(huì)動(dòng),有能量和智力?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】C配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是五位學(xué)生打算成立俱樂(lè)部時(shí)所遇到的問(wèn)題,右欄是相應(yīng)的建議,請(qǐng)為左欄的每位學(xué)生選擇一個(gè)合適的建議,并將題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目所選的選項(xiàng)涂黑。C( )66.Jack plans to create a cooking club at sch

21、ool.He wants to know how much it will cost.( )67.Sam cares about the environment very much.But he doesnt know how to start an environmental club in school.( )68.Creating a swimming club is Mikes dream.However, he isnt sure whether his school can help to build a pool.( )69.Sue is thinking of starting

22、 an English club.But she worries about the time and the place they can meet.( )70.Lucy expects to start a club about poetry because she knows that lots of kids love poetry.But she is wondering how to get people to join.A.Setting up an English club is one of the things we are going to do this term.So

23、 do it right now.Lets see how many people will join and then decide where and when to meet.B.You must know that pools are expensive to build, and they usually take several years to complete.So I think its a good idea to get the swimmers to a nearby pool.C.Reading poems can be very fun.You can first

24、ask your classmates to join, and then they will invite their own friends to join it.D.Your plan sounds like a good one.As for the cost, you can ask your mother for some advice.She must know a lot about cooking.E.First you should think about your interest.If you like playing games, a gaming club will

25、 be a good idea.If you are a swimming fan,it is great to start a swimming club.F.I think it is a good idea to set up a club like that! You can first give speeches about protecting the environment at school.G.A club can influence people a lot even if it has only a few members, so I wouldnt worry too

26、much about it being small.DFBAC( )66.Jack plans to creat66.D 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“create a cooking club( 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)烹飪66.俱樂(lè)部 );wants to know how much it will cost( 想知道要花費(fèi)多少錢(qián) )”與右欄D項(xiàng)的“you can ask your mother for some advice.She must know a lot about cooking.( 你可以向媽媽尋求一些建議,她一定對(duì)烹飪很了解 )”匹配;故選D。67.F 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“how to start an en

27、vironmental club in school( 如何在學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)一個(gè)環(huán)境俱樂(lè)部 )”與右欄F項(xiàng)的“You can first give speeches about protecting the environment at school.( 你可以先在學(xué)校里做一個(gè)關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境的演講 )”匹配;故選F。67.F 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“how to start an e68.B 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“Creating a swimming club( 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)游泳俱樂(lè)部 ); isnt sure whether his school can help to build a pool( 不確定學(xué)校是否能幫著

28、建一個(gè)游泳池 )”與右欄B項(xiàng)的“pools are expensive to build, and they usually take several years to complete.( 建一個(gè)游泳池很貴,而且需要用幾年的時(shí)間 )”匹配;故選B。68.B 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“Creating a swimmi69.A 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“starting an English club( 開(kāi)設(shè)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部 ); worries about the time and the place they can meet( 擔(dān)心集合的時(shí)間和地方 )”與右欄A項(xiàng)的“Setting up an English c

29、lub is one of the things we are going to do this term.So do it right now.Lets see how many people will join and then decide where and when to meet( 成立英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部是我們這學(xué)期要做的事情之一,讓我們看看多少人參加,然后決定什么時(shí)候在哪里集合 )”匹配;故選A。69.A 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“starting an Engli70.C 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“start a club about poetry( 開(kāi)設(shè)一個(gè)詩(shī)歌俱樂(lè)部 );wondering how to

30、get people to join.( 想知道怎么吸引人參加 )”與右欄C項(xiàng)的“Reading poems can be very fun.You can first ask your classmates to join, and then they will invite their own friends to join it.( 讀詩(shī)是有趣的,你可以先讓同學(xué)參加,然后他們邀請(qǐng)他們的朋友參加 )”匹配;故選C。70.C 左欄關(guān)鍵信息“start a club abou解 題 技 巧一、閱讀理解A、B篇廣東中考閱讀理解A、B篇主要考查的題型有邏輯排序題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題

31、、推理推斷題等。其中邏輯排序題、詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題是難度較大的題型,下面我們就重點(diǎn)講講這幾種題型的解題技巧。解 題 技 巧一、閱讀理解A、B篇題型一:邏輯排序題邏輯排序題是2017年廣東中考新出現(xiàn)的題型,出現(xiàn)在A篇的最后一題。邏輯排序題不僅要求考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)充分理解文章的內(nèi)容,而且重點(diǎn)考查邏輯思維能力,著實(shí)讓不少考生頭疼。邏輯排序題常采用“觀察+對(duì)比+定位+排除”的方法:首先觀察選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn),一般情況下,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都是有兩個(gè)相同的選項(xiàng)作為事件發(fā)生的順序開(kāi)頭,到文中去定位,排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng);接著進(jìn)行第二輪對(duì)比排除,最后得到正確答案。下面介紹常用的解題方法:題型一:邏輯排序題1.先易后難。選擇

32、自己最熟悉、最明顯的答案先判斷,根據(jù)“先易后難”的原則逐個(gè)排除。2.找關(guān)鍵詞。如表順序的at first, first, second, third等。3.上下句聯(lián)系。這種題所采用的語(yǔ)句一般都是在上句與下句或上半句與下半句之間有一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,我們只要抓住它們的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系就可以解答了。1.先易后難。選擇自己最熟悉、最明顯的答案先判斷,根據(jù)“先易題型二:細(xì)節(jié)理解題在閱讀理解題目中,有相當(dāng)一部分是考查細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)的題目。這類題目相對(duì)容易一些。廣東中考閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)題的比重一般至少占二分之一。細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中闡述主題的細(xì)節(jié)與具體事實(shí)的把握能力。內(nèi)容涉及詢問(wèn)事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。這些題目有兩

33、個(gè)共同特點(diǎn):( 1 )凡屬針對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)的考題,其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗(yàn)證。這一部分可能是一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ),也可能是一個(gè)句子或相關(guān)的若干句子,但句式、用詞和表達(dá)方式不同。題型二:細(xì)節(jié)理解題( 2 )干擾項(xiàng)往往是主體思想與細(xì)節(jié)混雜,正確答案細(xì)節(jié)和非正確答案的細(xì)節(jié)混雜,甚至真假混雜。因此,解答這類試題時(shí),考生應(yīng)快速閱讀材料,抓住大意后,迅速瀏覽考題,確定關(guān)鍵詞。然后,根據(jù)這些關(guān)鍵詞,運(yùn)用查讀法,迅速查找關(guān)鍵信息,進(jìn)而分析這些信息的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,理清邏輯關(guān)系,最后確定正確答案。( 2 )干擾項(xiàng)往往是主體思想與細(xì)節(jié)混雜,正確答案細(xì)節(jié)和題型三:代詞指代題代詞指代題常見(jiàn)的類型有:1.

34、The word “” in the passage probably means .2.The underlined word “” in the passage refers to .3.In this passage, the underlined word “” refers to .做這類題時(shí),常見(jiàn)的解題技巧有:題型三:代詞指代題1.確定指代對(duì)象。首先要分析前后文,明確代詞所指代的對(duì)象是人還是物,避免誤判,要有目的地做題。2.確定指代對(duì)象的數(shù)量。代詞所指代的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,一定要在理解句子意思的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行判斷。只有判斷準(zhǔn)確,才能理解文章的意思,準(zhǔn)確理解題目的要求。3.確定指

35、代范圍。在認(rèn)真閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上明確代詞的指代范圍。只有明確了代詞所表示的具體范圍,才能搞清楚文章的邏輯關(guān)系和前后文的聯(lián)系,正確理解文章的中心思想。1.確定指代對(duì)象。首先要分析前后文,明確代詞所指代的對(duì)象是人題型四:詞義猜測(cè)題猜測(cè)詞義是指在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識(shí)及語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測(cè)或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞的意義。猜測(cè)詞義的方法主要有:1.根據(jù)文章中心或主題猜測(cè)詞義。一般來(lái)說(shuō),要查找的生詞都是與揭示文章主題有一定聯(lián)系的,如果能夠把握好文章的中心,往往有助于猜測(cè)出文章中的生詞的含義。題型四:詞義猜測(cè)題2.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。前綴通常改變?cè)瓉?lái)詞語(yǔ)的詞義,而不改變?cè)瓉?lái)詞語(yǔ)的詞

36、性。后綴通常改變?cè)瓉?lái)詞語(yǔ)的詞性,但對(duì)詞義的影響有時(shí)不明顯,有時(shí)很明顯。派生詞的詞義可依據(jù)“前綴變?cè)~義,后綴變?cè)~性”的原則來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。在閱讀中,如果我們熟悉構(gòu)成合成詞的每個(gè)獨(dú)立單詞的詞義,就可能猜出合成詞的意思。例如: inexpensive一詞,其中詞根expensive的含義是“貴的”。in-前綴是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此詞詞義為“不貴的,便宜的”。( 詳見(jiàn)本書(shū)配套小冊(cè)子“早讀材料”中的“構(gòu)詞法” )2.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。前綴通常改變?cè)瓉?lái)詞語(yǔ)的詞義,而不改變3.根據(jù)上下文的同義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來(lái)理解詞義。同位關(guān)系是指文章中與之相關(guān)的同義詞、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)( 從句 )等,如果能夠借助它們的解釋

37、或定義,則很容易猜測(cè)出詞義來(lái)。根據(jù)同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義,關(guān)鍵是要了解顯示同義關(guān)系的線索。換句話說(shuō),破折號(hào)、逗號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),以及or, and, in other words, thats to say, namely等詞或短語(yǔ)就是這種線索。定語(yǔ)從句主要起修飾限制或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)的作用。3.根據(jù)上下文的同義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來(lái)理解詞義。同位關(guān)系是指文章中因此,我們可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容推測(cè)出先行詞的詞義。對(duì)比關(guān)系是指上下文中的一些連詞經(jīng)常被用來(lái)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,如果能夠抓住說(shuō)明事物的這種比較和對(duì)照的方法,就會(huì)給人“柳暗花明又一村”的感覺(jué)。常見(jiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞有but, however, instea

38、d, yet等。上文中的某些詞或句子往往會(huì)為下文的生詞埋下伏筆或做出暗示。上文中的某些詞或句子往往會(huì)在下文有回應(yīng)的地方。因此,我們可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容推測(cè)出先行詞的詞義。對(duì)比關(guān)系4.根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系或順承關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。有什么樣的原因就會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果,因果關(guān)系是文章中一種普遍的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)關(guān)系。在這種關(guān)系中如果知道了原因,結(jié)果也就知道了;反之,如果知道了結(jié)果,原因也就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。4.根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系或順承關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。有什么樣的原因就5.根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí),往往會(huì)給閱讀后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的,推測(cè)陌生的,這就上升到了能力的提高,使生詞的破解成為

39、可能。當(dāng)然,有些詞的確切含義還須綜合應(yīng)用幾種方法才能正確猜出。5.根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí),往往會(huì)題型五:主旨大意題主旨大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)段或某一語(yǔ)篇的主題標(biāo)題或題目設(shè)題。這類題目考查的范圍是:基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法,對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié),屬于高層次題。題型五:主旨大意題主旨大意題的測(cè)試內(nèi)容主要側(cè)重“概括文章大意”和“確定文章的最佳標(biāo)題”。常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式的題干主要有:主旨大意題的測(cè)試內(nèi)容主

40、要側(cè)重“概括文章大意”和“確定文章的最A(yù).標(biāo)題類( 1 )The best title/headline for this passage might be .( 2 )The text ( passage ) could be entitled.( 3 )What is the best title for the passage?( 4 )Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?A.標(biāo)題類B.大意類( 1 )This passage chiefly deals with.( 2 )Whats t

41、he topic of the article?( 3 )What is the subject discussed in the text?( 4 )With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?B.大意類做主旨大意題時(shí)常用的方法是“略讀法”。快速閱讀文章找出各個(gè)段落的主題句。把各個(gè)段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來(lái),著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排,了解文章的重心,就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標(biāo)題是中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式,選擇的標(biāo)題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文,不能太大也不能太小。命題者在出這類題時(shí),常常利用生活常識(shí)編造干擾項(xiàng),把文中的細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨,利用局部信息編造干擾項(xiàng),

42、編制超出文章范圍的標(biāo)題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標(biāo)題來(lái)考查考生的理解程度,考生要特別留意。做主旨大意題時(shí)常用的方法是“略讀法”。快速閱讀文章找出各個(gè)段1.標(biāo)題類閱讀理解題的解題技巧標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式。在閱讀中不僅要求考生能夠通過(guò)自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想,而且還要對(duì)概括出的中心思想加以提煉,擬定出段落的標(biāo)題,在測(cè)試中能夠迅速而準(zhǔn)確地選擇標(biāo)題。1.標(biāo)題類閱讀理解題的解題技巧文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞,短語(yǔ),也可以是句子。標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測(cè)出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容,抓住文章討論的中心,把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。它的特點(diǎn)是:短小精悍,多為一短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng),一般要求能覆蓋全文,其確定的范圍要

43、恰當(dāng),既不能太大,也不能太小;精確性強(qiáng),不能隨意改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩。文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞,短語(yǔ),也可以是句子。標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推2.大意類閱讀理解題的解題技巧主旨大意類閱讀理解題的一般范圍是:基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法,對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度的概括或總結(jié),屬于高層次題。2.大意類閱讀理解題的解題技巧解答該題型最關(guān)鍵的是找出主題句,把握文章主旨。主題句多在文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾,有的出現(xiàn)在中間。概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段開(kāi)頭,再看全文找主題句,若無(wú)明顯主題句,就通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞句來(lái)概括( 如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度

44、的詞句,記敘文中尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞 )。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí),務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。此時(shí),要注意一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞,如but, yet, however, although, in spite of等。當(dāng)文章中表示相反的觀點(diǎn)時(shí),往往用到這些詞。答題時(shí)要弄清哪個(gè)是作者的觀點(diǎn),排除迷惑性信息,準(zhǔn)確歸納主旨大意。解答該題型最關(guān)鍵的是找出主題句,把握文章主旨。主題句多在文章題型五:推理判斷題中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中那些要求通過(guò)詞、句、段,或通過(guò)計(jì)算去判斷其他含義的題目屬于推理判斷題。推理判斷題的考查每年都在中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中占有一定的比例。推理判斷的題目中常含有sugges