商業(yè)銀行概述英文版

1、Commercial BanksOverview of Commercial BanksCommercial Bank is a bank which is the most used for people, businesses, governments, and institutions. The initial use of the concept of commercial bank because of such banks in the early stages of development only undertook the commercial short-term lend

2、ing business. And loans generally no longer than one year, the borrower generally are the merchants and import and export traders. Those absorb short-term deposits, issue short-term commercial loans for the basic business of the bank are called commercial banks.Character of Commercial Bank1 As any o

3、ther business, commercial banks are also run after profit, making profit makes for their goal. They conduct business through their own capital, deliver taxes as required, manage according to the law, assume sole responsibility for its profit or losses and they are profit-making enterprise.2 Because

4、of the special managerial object, modern commercial banks make themselves different from general industrial and commercial enterprises. Monetary assets and financial liability form their unique managerial object.3 At the same time, they are different from specialized banks in the scope of service. T

5、hey own wholesale integrated business while specialized banks focus on limited specialized business in their field.Commercial Banks are mainly engaged in three businesses1 The asset business, it includes the loans business and investments business.2 The liability business, it mainly refers to deposi

6、ts.3 The intermediate business, it includes the settlement business and the trust service.The main risks faced by Commercial Bank1 The credit risk: The credit risk is the economic losses caused by the counterparty cant meet its obligations stipulated in the contract.2 The interest rate risk: The Int

7、erest rate risk refers to the possibility of loss caused by the uncertainties of changes in market interest rates to commercial banks.3 The operational risk: Operational risk is the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal operating processes, staff, systems or ex

8、ternal events.4 The liquidity risk: Liquidity risk is the possibility of economic subjects suffered economic losses due to changes in the liquidity of the financial assets.The main role of the Commercial Bank1 Act as the credit intermediaries2 Act as the payment intermediaries3 Credit creation4 Fina

9、ncial service5 Regulating the economyFunctions of Commercial Banks divided in two aspectsa) Agency Functions: Various agency functions of commercial banks are:(1) To collect and clear checks, dividends and interest warrant. (2) To make payment of rent, insurance premium, etc. (3) To deal in foreign

10、exchange transactions.(4) To purchase and sell securities.(5) To accept tax proceeds and tax returns.b) General Utility Functions: The general utility functions of the commercial banks include(1) To provide safety locker facility to customers.(2) To provide money transfer facility.(3) To issue trave

11、lers check.(4) To accept various bills for payment e.g. phone bills, gas bills, water bills, etc.(5) To provide merchant banking facility.(6) To provide various cards such as credit cards, debit cards, Smart cards, etc.Differences when compared with U.S.A. Commercial BanksIn addition, we found the m

12、ain difference between the Chinese commercial banks and American Banks. With the 1999 U.S. officially signed in force，the United States abandoned Separate operation model and began the mixed operation model. The model of separation practiced in Chinese commercial bank now. Different structures are used in different countries commercial banks. In China, most commercial banks are share-holding companies, otherwise, in the