被動語態(tài)講解

1、 被動語態(tài)專項講練1 The passive voice 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)基本用法當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。2 各種句型的被動形式肯定句 主語+be+過去分詞+（by ）否定句 主語+be not+過去分詞+（by ）一般疑問句 Be+主語+過去分詞+(by )?特殊疑問句 疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞 + （by ）？注意：這里 be 的形式?jīng)Q定了被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，其后的過去分詞沒有變化。重點內(nèi)容3主動句與被動句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 We bought some books.主語

2、 + 謂語動詞過去式的主動語態(tài) + 賓語Some books were bought ( by us ) 主語+謂語動詞過去分詞的被動語態(tài) + 介詞+ 賓語4將下列句子由主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳浠蛴杀粍泳渥優(yōu)橹鲃泳洌篫heng Jie invented this special pen.變被動句 2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy. 變主動句3) People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.4) Teachers allow students to put up hands in class.This special pen w

3、as invented by Zheng Jie. Jimmy fixed up the bikeSunglasses are used (by people) to protect eyes.Students are allowed (by teachers) to put up hands in class.51.They make shoes in that factory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時：變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)S(主語）+ am/is /are過去分詞6They play football on S

4、unday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.72. They bought ten computers

5、last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：S+was/were +過去分詞8They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother w

6、as taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.93.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：S+ will+be+過去分詞10We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos

7、 in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.114Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of

8、 by Amy.情態(tài)動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞121.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be lea

9、rned well by them.13Exercises：1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow. English is spoken by many people .Knives are used by people for cutting things.The box can

10、be used by us as a table.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.14Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進行時： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞15We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made

11、by us.現(xiàn)在完成時： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞161.Lucy is watering the trees. The trees are being watered by Lucy. 2.We have finished our compositions. Our compositions have been finished by us. 17各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般將來時： 情態(tài)動詞：現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時：過去完成時： S+ am/is /are + doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done S+

12、will + be + done S+ was/were + being+ doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were + done各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞S+ had + been+ done18主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟（賓主換，謂被動） 1、主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語； 2、主動句的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)； 3、主動句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞馁e語，由by 引出， 當(dāng)不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者時，常省略。19英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 Cats eat

13、fish. （主動語態(tài)）貓吃魚。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被動語態(tài))魚被貓吃。 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成由“助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be 作為連系動詞時完全一樣。知識點20 各種句型的被動形式肯定句 主語+be+過去分詞+（by ）否定句 主語+be not+過去分詞+（by ）一般疑問句 Be+主語+過去分詞+(by )?特殊疑問句 疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞 + （by ）？注意：這里 be 的形式?jīng)Q定了被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，其后的過去分詞沒有變化。重點內(nèi)容21各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般將來時： 情

14、態(tài)動詞：現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時：過去完成時： S+ am/is /are + doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done S+ will + be + done S+ was/were + being+ doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were + done各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞S+ had + been+ done22Exercises：1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting thing

15、s.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow. English is spoken by many people .Knives are used by people for cutting things.The box can be used by us as a table.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.The bike will be repair

16、ed by her tomorrow.23被動語態(tài)的句式：肯定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞否定句: 主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句:情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+動詞的過去分詞？Yes ,主語+情 ； No ,主語+情 +not24肯定句: Your homework should be finished by yourself. It can be used for writing. 否定句： Books cant be taken out of the readingroom. Teenagers should not be allowed to go out

17、at night. 疑問句: Should young trees be watered every day? Where can the book be bought? 反意疑問句：Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes , shouldnt they ?25使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 1.主動語態(tài)不帶to的變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，須加上“to” hear、 listen to make、let、have、watch、see, look at, notice、 feel、help, 等。 例：make sb do

18、 sth sb+ be +made to do sth see sb do sth sb +be +seen to do sth A girl saw Tom fall off the tree. Tom was seen to fall off the tree by a girl. The boss made the workers work hard.? The workers were made to work hard . 262. “雙賓語”改被動語態(tài)，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞.(這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定) pass、bring、buy、 show、send、

19、 give、cook等。把指“人”的間接賓語變主語，“物”不變。 He gave me a book. 變直接賓語加to .變間接賓語不加 I was given a book (by him). A book was given to me (by him). He showed me a ticket. I was shown a ticket (by him). A ticket was shown to me (by him). My father bought me a new bike. I was bought a new bike (by my father). A new b

20、ike was bought for me (by my father).間接賓語直接賓語275. 什么時候不加by 注意：1)不知道誰是執(zhí)行者eg:His new car was stolen.2)情調(diào)動作的承受著而不是執(zhí)行者eg:The car was parked in front of this shop.3)禮貌及委婉語氣eg:All the work must be finished before May.28“主動”表“被動”常見的三種情況（1）表示某物自身內(nèi)在特點，主動表示被動。常見： This pen writes well. The shirt washes well. T

21、his new book sells well. The door wont work. The shop opens/closes at 8:00 am. 注意區(qū)別：The shirt is being washed now.漢譯？ (2) 有些詞如want, need, require和 be worth后面， V-ing形式為主動，意義為被動。 如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. =The room needs /wants /required to be cleand. The book is worth reading. 29(3) 句

22、型“主語+be+形容詞+to do”，“主語”是“不定式”的“邏輯賓語”，通常用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。 這類形容詞有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,light,interestingimportant，expensive，fit，comfortable，impossible等。 The picture is pleasant to look at The chair is comfortable to sit on The work is impossible to finish. 注意：當(dāng)不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞時，要根據(jù)需要補充

23、相應(yīng)的介詞。 The pen is comfortable to write with. 30無被動語態(tài)的動詞：不及物動詞無被動happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last（延長）,cost,break out（爆發(fā)）appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agree with This room can hold 500 people. Taiwan belongs to China. The T-shirt fits me very well, and it only co

24、st 20 yuan. SARS broke out in China that year.Great changes have taken place in the last ten years in china .31get / have sth. done 含被動 (找人做某事)十六歲的孩子不應(yīng)該打耳洞。Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to get their ears pierced.I should get my shoes repaired.He should have his hair cut.Lets get the work d

25、one. 32口訣1：賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動be加done,時態(tài)看主動?？谠E2：如 遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓語后加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)口訣3：有些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to 離開，被動句中to回 來。兩聽，兩感覺，三做，四看He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口訣4.含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài)，須將其看作一個整體，不可把它們分隔開來。They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good ca

26、re of by them 33各種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí) 1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2、John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished3、- Have you moved into the new

27、 house ?- Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted 一般時態(tài)：am/is/are +過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：am/is/are +being +過去分詞過去時態(tài)：was/were +過去分詞344、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated

28、 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 過去進行時態(tài)：was/were + being +過去分詞一般將來時態(tài)：will + be+過去分詞過去將來時態(tài)：w

29、ould + be+過去分詞357、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building8、He came out and told us that the work _.A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if yo

30、u use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/has + been +過去分詞過去完成時態(tài)：had + been +過去分詞情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞36Drills：A:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station( )_in my home town now.A.

31、has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building .3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD375.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on

32、the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC38

33、9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open. It_at six. 11.Yesterday a visitor_something about hometown. A.asked B.will be asked C.was asked D.has been asked.12This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to us

34、e D.usedDDCD39一、單項選擇1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; buildD. Did; build2. An accident _ on this road last week.has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3. Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grown C. growsD. grow4. A t

35、alk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives 5. How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been plante D. planted406. Neither of them _ in China.A. is madeB. are made C. were made D. made7. Your shoes _. You need

36、a new pair.A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn8. The doctor _ for yet.A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasnt sent9. -When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; useB. was; used C. is; used D. are; used10. The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knows B. knewC.

37、is known D. was known11. I _ in summer.Born B. was bornC. have been born D. am born12. He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week.41A. is sentB. would sendC. was sent D. will be sent13. Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written14. Mary _ show me her n

38、ew dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is askedD. asks to15. A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told usD. told us16. The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump17. The school bag _ behind the chair.A. Puts B. can be put C. can

39、be putted D .can put4218. Older people _ well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after19. Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened20. He arrived in Beijing, where he _ his friend.A. was met by B.was met C. was

40、 meeting D. met by21. My brother and I have _her birthday party.A. been invited B. been invited for C. invited to D. been invited to22. _Chaplin. A. The childs name was called B. The childs name calls C. The child calls D. The child is named4323. The new hall is the tallest building in this town. _f

41、rom here? A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can it seen D. Can see24. Young trees _ well when it is dry. A water B waters C must be watered Dwere watered25. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.A cant take B must be taken C can take D mustnt be taken26. We know that thi

42、s kind of bike _ in Suzhou .A is made B makes C is making D are made27. When all the work _. You may go back home.A finishes B has finished C is finished D are finished4428. English _ in many countries.is speaking B. is spoken C. speaks D. has spoken 29. The computer _ I Taiwan in 1999.A. is made B.

43、 makes C. was made D. made 30.The flowers are watered _ UncleWang every day.A. of B. by C. at D. for31. His letter _ soon. A. will finish B. is finished C. was finished D. will be finished32. A new lab building _ in our school in a year.A.puts B.will put up C.was put up D.will be put up33. My birds

44、_ by one of my best friends when45Im away.A,will be look after B. will be looked after C. be looked after D. will been look after34. My father _ not to smoke any more.A. told B. tells C. are told D. is told35. The birthday cake is _.A. eat in we B. eat with us C. eaten by we D. eaten by us36. Do you

45、 know _?A,who the paper is invited B. who the paper was invented C. who the paper is invented by D. who the paper was invented by37. The sports meeting _ last weekend.46A,is holding B. is held C. was held D. were held38. The guests _ around the city this Sunday.A. are shown B. will show C. were be s

46、hown D. will be shown39. A talk on Chinese history _ in our school next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give40. If the cat doesnt run fast enough, is _ by the dog.A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes 二 、把下列句子改成被動語態(tài)471.必須照看好孩子們。The children must be taken good care of 2

47、.這本書是魯迅寫的。/。This book was written by Lu Xun3.昨天那支筆是他給我的That pencil was given to me by him yesterday4.這輛自行車能修嗎？Can this bike be mended?5.街道已由他們清理了。The street has been cleaned by them.481. Printing was introduced into Europe from China.2. Who was the film the Golden Compass directed by?3. He is though

48、t to be a good teacher.4. She is reputed to be the best singer in Europe. 印刷術(shù)是由中國傳入歐洲的。黃金羅盤是由誰執(zhí)導(dǎo)的？他被認為是個好老師。據(jù)說，她是全歐洲最好的歌唱家。491. Did he break the window yesterday? the window yesterday?2. Someone took away the books yesterday.3. We will hold a sports meeting in September.4. The nurse took good care of the babies.5. The cat broke the glass.6. Mum gave me a computer as my birthday present.7. The sun made the