專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)-專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯解釋

1、Eigenvalues: The state-space is equivalent of the poles of a transfer function. They determine the stability and dynamics of a system.特征值：狀態(tài)空間等同于傳遞函數(shù)的極點(diǎn)。它們決定一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和動(dòng)態(tài)性。Embedded System: A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to pe

2、rform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.嵌入式系統(tǒng)：是執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件和軟件的組合，有時(shí)也包括其他的機(jī)械部分等。有時(shí)，嵌入式系統(tǒng)可包含在一個(gè)更大的系統(tǒng)或產(chǎn)品中，比如汽車(chē)防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。試比較一下通用計(jì)算機(jī)。Error: In c

3、losed loop control, error = setpoint - process variable (PV), or setpoint - feedback measurement. The controller uses the error in its calculation to generate the signal that will reduce the error to zero.錯(cuò)誤：在閉環(huán)控制中，錯(cuò)誤=定位點(diǎn)-過(guò)程變量，或定位點(diǎn)-反饋測(cè)量。控制器通過(guò)計(jì)算產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤生成信號(hào)，繼而使錯(cuò)誤降至為零。Fault Tolerant: The ability to withs

4、tand a considerable degree of error without crashing or going unstable. 容錯(cuò)：可承受的誤差范圍，不會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)崩潰或不穩(wěn)定的能力。Fieldbus: Fieldbus is a generic term used to describe a common communications protocol for control systems and/or field instruments.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線：通用術(shù)語(yǔ)，用于形容系統(tǒng)控制或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表的常見(jiàn)通信協(xié)議。First-Order System: A dynamic, linear

5、 system that has one pole, usually characterised by a gain and a time constant. 一階系統(tǒng)：動(dòng)態(tài)，線型系統(tǒng)，有一個(gè)極點(diǎn)，通常有增益和時(shí)間常量。Gain: this is defined as the change in input divided by the change in output. A system with high gain will react more to the input changing. 增益：輸入功率變數(shù)除以輸出功率變數(shù)。系統(tǒng)中增益越高，輸入功率程度越活躍。Left half pla

6、ne: In the complex plane the half with negative real numbers. For continuous systems the poles in the left half plane are stable.左半個(gè)平面：復(fù)平面中有負(fù)實(shí)數(shù)的一半。就連續(xù)系統(tǒng)而言，左半個(gè)平面中的極點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定的。Laplace Transform: A transform to convert a continuous time differential equation into a transfer function from which system connect

7、ions can be manipulated easier and frequency responses calculated.拉普拉斯變換：可采用傳遞函數(shù)代替常系數(shù)微分方程。在傳遞函數(shù)中，可更簡(jiǎn)便地操作系統(tǒng)連接，也可計(jì)算頻率響應(yīng)。Linear System: A system is said to be linear if it is scalable and obeys the principle of superposition. What this means in practice is that if the input signal is doubled, the outpu

8、t will be doubled also, and that if an input signal is a summation of several different waveforms then the output is the summation of the individual output responses. A non-linear system is something that does not obey these rules, which is virtually every practical system, since physical limits mea

9、n there is always a limit to how far the scalability rule applies.線性系統(tǒng)：如果一個(gè)系統(tǒng)具有可拓展性且遵循疊加原理，則稱(chēng)之為線性系統(tǒng)。實(shí)際操作中時(shí)說(shuō)輸入信號(hào)翻一倍時(shí)，輸出信號(hào)也相應(yīng)翻倍。如輸入信號(hào)是幾個(gè)不同波形之和，則輸出信號(hào)為個(gè)體輸出響應(yīng)之和。非線性系統(tǒng)則不遵循如上規(guī)律，僅為獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng)。其中物理限制是指可拓展規(guī)則與限制同時(shí)存在。Measurement: Same as process variable. The variable you wish to control is usually measured but in ma

10、ny cases you measure one variable and from that infer another variable, which you do wish to control.量度：同“過(guò)程變量”一樣。你希望控制的變量通常是可測(cè)的，但多數(shù)情況下是測(cè)量一個(gè)變量，然后依次類(lèi)推，即可推到你想控制的變量。Observer: Usually another name for a state-estimator. Other variables such as disturbances or faults could also be observed.觀測(cè)器：又稱(chēng)狀態(tài)判定器。其他

11、類(lèi)似干擾或錯(cuò)誤的變量均可觀測(cè)。Plant: Another name for the system or process being controlled.（操作）對(duì)象：控制系統(tǒng)或進(jìn)程的別稱(chēng)。Plant Output: What you are trying to control. Also called Process Variable.對(duì)象輸出;你將試圖控制的內(nèi)容。也稱(chēng)作過(guò)程變量。Reference: In a closed loop system, the desired plant output that the controller tries to achieve. Also ca

12、lled the set-point.基準(zhǔn)源電路：在閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，是指控制者試圖達(dá)到的期望對(duì)象輸出值。也稱(chēng)作置位點(diǎn)。Robust: A loop that is robust is relatively insensitive to process changes. A less robust loop is more sensitive to process changes.魯棒性：一個(gè)健壯的環(huán)形對(duì)程序變化相對(duì)遲緩，一個(gè)較健壯的環(huán)對(duì)程序變化則比較靈敏。Stability: A stable system when perturbed from an equilibrium state will

13、 tend to return to that state. An unstable system when perturbed from equilibrium will move further away in increasing rate, or for a nonlinear system may move to another equilibrium state. For linear systems stability is checked by the eigenvalues of the state matrix or the poles of the transfer function.穩(wěn)定性：一個(gè)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)的平衡狀態(tài)被擾亂后趨于恢復(fù)平衡的系統(tǒng)。而不穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)則是平衡狀態(tài)被擾亂后，以遞增率變得更亂?；蛘呔鸵粋€(gè)非線性系統(tǒng)而言，則會(huì)移到下一個(gè)平衡狀態(tài)。就線性系統(tǒng)而言，可用狀態(tài)矩陣的特征值或傳遞函數(shù)的極點(diǎn)檢查其穩(wěn)定性。Unstable: A system is unstable when oscillations persist or grow. There are rigorous definitions of stability for linear systems - if any pole of a system has a