英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)及其翻譯

1、英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)及其翻譯abstratenglishpunisneftheiprtantfiguresfspeeh,anditisidelyusedinvariusliteraryrks,suhaspes,nvels,stries,advertiseentsandriddles,et.basednthedefinitinsfenglishpun,thispaperpintsutthathnys,hphnes,andhgraphsareavailabletnstrutpuns.ardingttheharateristisandfuntinsftheirfratin,lvxudividedenglish

2、punintthreetypes,theyarehphnipuns,hgraphipuns,punsnbthprnuniatinandeaning.englishpuntakesadvantagefitsdistintivefeaturesinnatureandtriestprdueabiguitynpurpseinrdertgettheeffetfaiingatapigenandshtingatar.englishpunsanahieveanyeffets:hur,satire,vividexpressinftheharatersfeelings,hihaninreasethebeautyf

3、languageandiprvereadabilityinrdertattratthereadersinterest.hever,thetranslatinfenglishpunisalaysnsideredtbeextreelydiffiult.anypepleevennsiderpunsas“untranslatable.sinethereisuhdifferenebeteenhineseandenglishinphnlgyandrphlgy,itisdiffiulttfindequivalenebthinsundandineaninginthetargetlanguagefratrans

4、latr.butthereisnsuretextthatisabslutelyuntranslatable;thetranslatinfpunsispssibletaertainextent.thispaperintrdues3aintypesttranslateenglishpuns.theyareliteraltranslatin,freetranslatin,andanntatedtranslatin.keyrdsenglishpun;lassifiatin;harateristis;funtin;translatin【摘要】英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)是重要的修辭格之一，這種修辭格廣泛運(yùn)用于各種文學(xué)作品

5、，如詩(shī)歌、小說(shuō)、故事、廣告及謎語(yǔ)中。本文在英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)的定義根底上提出了同形同音異義詞、同音異義詞、同形異義詞，這3種詞可構(gòu)成雙關(guān)。并根據(jù)其構(gòu)造成分所起的作用，再仔細(xì)地討論了呂煦把英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)主要分為三類：同音雙關(guān)、同詞雙關(guān)、音義雙關(guān)。英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)利用其特有的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，成心造成歧義，來(lái)到達(dá)言在此而意在彼的特殊效果。英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用能起到一種詼諧幽默，冷嘲熱諷，形象生動(dòng)的作用并能充分表達(dá)人物的性格特征，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的美感，進(jìn)步該作品的可讀性來(lái)引起讀者的興趣。然而，英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)的翻譯又是極其困難的，很多人甚至認(rèn)為是不可譯的，因?yàn)橛h兩種語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)音不同，兩種語(yǔ)言的多義詞并不能一一對(duì)應(yīng)，但英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)還是存在一定的可譯性

6、。本文主要介紹3種主要翻譯方法：直譯法，意譯法，注釋法?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】英語(yǔ)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)；分類；本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)；作用；翻譯1.intrdutininaertainntext,ardrphrasethatisrelevantttrreneptins,ideasrfeelingsisfteneplyedtakeanexpressinreeffetiverhurus.thisisahievedhenthereexistsidentityrsiilaritybeteenertainrdsinsuhaspetsasprnuniatin,fratinreaning.thisidentityrsiilarityprduesd

7、ubleeanings,hihenablespepletnnetnaturallytheliteraleaningiththeipliedeaning.ftheseteanings,theipliedeaningistheprinipalpart.thisishatealltheusefpun.“theusefpundatesbaktanientdays.shakespearefavredpunpartiularly.itisestiatedthatthereareabut3000punseplyedinshakespearesrks1.theeplyentfpuninenglishnvels

8、,pes,speehes,advertiseentsandriddlesakesthehighlyreadableandprptspepletappreiatethebeautyflanguage.andthetranslatinfenglishpunsinthineseenhanestheharftheriginalrksandtheunderstandingftheversin.2.definitinandlassifiatinfpuns2.1definitinfpunslkingatthesaeissuefrdifferentperspetives,eayfteneupithdiffer

9、entdefinitinsfthethingunderdisussin.and,ntsurprisingly,punanbethusdefinedinanyays.thereissuhahurusexplanatinabutpun:“punningttrtureneprrdtenthusandays(jhndryden)2.inlnganditinaryfntepraryenglish,punisdefinedas“anausingusefardrphrasethathasteanings,rrdsiththesaesundbutdifferenteanings3.ardingtthexfrd

10、englishditinary,punisdefinedas“theusefrdinsuhaayastsuggesttrreeaningsrdifferentassiatins,rtheuseftrrerdsfthesaernearlythesaesundithdifferenteanings,sastprdueahuruseffet4.inprinetnenylpediafpetryandpetis,punisdefinedas“afigurefspeehdependingupnasiilarityfsundandadisparityfeaning5.frtheabvedefinitins,

11、eanseethathnys,hphnes,andhgraphsallareavailabletnstrutpunsith.2.1.1hnysahnyisardthatisidentialtantherrdinprnuniatinandspellingbutntineaning6.frexaple:(1)an:n.v.putsethinginantaineran:dalverbbeablet(2)hange:v.tbeedifferenthange:n.neyinthefrfins(3)bear:v.sustainrespnsibility;endurediffiulty,etbear:n.a

12、kindfanial,havingthikfurandalkingnitssles(4)bk:n.arittenrprintedrkbk:v.engage(aseatet.)inadvane;akeareservatinf2.1.2hphnesahphneisardthatisidentialtantherrdinprnuniatinbutntinspellingandeaning.frexaple:(5)bale:n.alargebundlebail:v.treveaterfrabat(6)kne:v.pastfknne:adj.freentriginrarrival(7)sul:n.spi

13、ritualriaterialpartfan,heldtsurvivedeathsle:n.lersurfaefhuanrtherft(8)pair:n.asetftpersnsrthingsusedtgetherrregardedasaunitpear:n.ayellishrbrnish-greenfleshyfruit,taperingtardsthestalk2.1.3hgraphsahgraphisardthatisidentialtantherrdinspellingbutntinprnuniatinandeaning.frexaple:(9)inute:n.sixtiethpart

14、fanhurinute:adj.verysall;trifling(10)digest:v.thangefdinthestahintafryurbdyanusedigest:n.ashrtpieefritingthatgivesthestiprtantfatsfrabk,reprtet(11)lead:v.guidebythehand,diretveentsflead:n.akindfetal(12)ind:n.airinrerlessrapidnaturaltinind:v.ginirular,spiralurse2.2lassifiatinfenglishpunsnerningthelas

15、sifiatinfpuns,differentlinguistshavedifferentstandpints.asheshanfenstatesin“ntrastivestudiesfenglishandhinese-languages,punsanberughlydividedintthreekinds.theyarenaedantalalasis,parnasiaandsyllepsis7.heretheauthrusestexaplestexplainthefirsttparts.antalalasisreferstardusedtierre,buteahtieithadifferen

16、teaning.frexaple:(13)tenglandillistealandthereillsteal.thefirst“stealeans“tgtenglandseretlyithutbeingntied,hilethesend“stealisusedinitsstnlyusedeaning.parnasiaistheuseftrds,hiharesiilarinprnuniatinbutdifferentineaning.frexaple:(14)aththerainheetahsandheattherain.here“rainheetahsisthebrandnaeftheprdu

17、t.itisprnunedsiilarlyt“rainheaterhihehest“heattherain.in“englishritingandrhetririttenbyprf.enjun,arespeifieansflassifiatinbringsabutfiveategriesfpuns8:hphnipun,parnasia,antalalasis,sylletipunandasteius.hever,ardingtlixinhua,inhisrk,“adetailedstudyffiguresfspeehinenglish,hepintsthatthsefiveategriesla

18、ssifiedbyprf.enjunarelearbutver-elabrate.insuary,itislearertdivideintthesettypes:neishphnipun,thetherishgraphipun.healspintsutthat,inthsefiveategries,n1andn2belngtthehphnipun;thethersbelngtthehgraphipun,hihistheaytbringpliatinintsipliity.anditiseasiertastertheharateristisffigurefspeeh.hever,aslvxust

19、atesin“pratialenglishrhetri,ardingttheharateristisandfuntinsftheirfratin,punsanbedividedintthreetypes9:hphnipuns,hgraphipuns,punsnbthprnuniatinandeaning.2.2.1hphnipunsitistheusefrdsiththesaersiilarprnuniatinbutdifferentspellingsandeanings.italsalledphnetipuns,andphnetipunisthebasifrfenglishpun.inurd

20、ailyuniatin,phnetiisthearrierftransferringinfratin.ardingtpsyhlinguistis,speehuniatinisapressfpsyhlgialativitiesfrendingtdeding.henspeakerseplytherderfthinking-eaning-viettransitutside,itisalledending;henlistenerseplytherderfvie-eaning-thinkingtpressandtrytunderstand,itisalleddeding.theinter-pressin

21、gnlyreliesnhearing,lakingvisualsense,anditillauseabiguityinunderstanding.frexaple:(15)“hisbreadade?“iknthat!alieriedeagerly.“yutakeseflur“heredyupikthefler?thehitequeenasked.“inagardenrinthehedges?“ell,itisntpikedatall.alieexplained.“itsgrund“hanyaresfgrund?saidthehitequeen.10(leisarrl:aliesadventur

22、esinnderland)inthisexaple,“flerand“flurhavethesaeprnuniatinbutquitedifferentineaning.theadptinfthehphnipunakesthedialguerevivid,hurus.rever,“grundanbeunderstdas“slidsurfaeftheearth,andalsanbeunderstdas“thepastfgrind.(16)drunkdriversftenputthequartbefrethehearse.here,“quartissiilart“artinsund,hile“he

23、arseissiilart“hrse.thissenteneannstruthphnipunbybrringfrtheidi“puttheartbefrethehrse,hiheans“putrsaythingsintherngrder.thispunisdrivingatarningtheadditingdriversthatdrivingafterdrinkisakindfsuiide.(17)“aiter,theresahairinysup.“ssrry,sir.didyurderitithut?“hairhereeans“nefthefinethread-likestrandsthat

24、grfrtheskinfpepleandanials,hiletheaiterunderstanditnpurpseas“hare.“hareeans“ananialkedasrderedfd.theusterisplainingabutthebadnditinftherestaurant,butbyusingthehphnipun,theaiterisbeinghurusteaseaaytheplaint.2.2.2hgraphipunsitistheraftyusefthefeaturesfhnysrplyseytexpressthedubleeanings.takethefllingas

25、anexaple,(18)sebysthinkiprettyandsebysthinkiugly.hatdyuthink,t?-abitfbth.-hatdyuean?-prettyuglyasanadjetive,“prettyeans“pleasingandattrative,therefre,thelastsenteneanbeunderstdas“sheisbthattrativeandugly,hileasanadverb,“prettyeans“rather,fairly,sthesentenealseans“sheisveryugly.teplysthe“prettybeauti

26、fully,itisaplysey.andeanlearnabutthehurinthedialgue.(19)thelerk:areyuengaged?augustus:hatbusinessisthatfyurs?hever,ifyuilltakethetrubletreadthesietypapersfrthiseek,yuillseethatiaengagedthnrableluyppha,yungestdaughterfthelerk:thatisnthatiean.anyuseeafeale?augustus:furse.ianseeafealeaseasilyasaale.dyu

27、suppseiablind?thelerk:yudntseetflle;seh,thereisafealednstairs,hatyuightallalady.sheantstkn,anyuseeherifiletherup.11-heplay,tpunsareeplyed.first,thephrase“beengagedinstheans“beupiedrbusy;“beengagedtsbeans“agreedtarrysb.send,theverb“seeisunderstdas“haveanintervieithsb;eetsbinthelerk,hileaugustusinterp

28、retitas“hetherhehastheperfsight.“areyuengaged?hereardingtthelerk,heantstaskaugustushetherheisbusyrnt?butaugustusunderstandsitas“agreedtarrysb.eanlearnfrthisdialguesparklingithhurusanditthataugustusisthinkingabutenalldaylng.(20)thenuberfattrneyshdieithutaillisaazing.evenherethereisnill,thereisaay.12t

29、hefirst“illeans“stateent,duent;thesendeans“apersnsperandirethisthughtsrinfluenethers.ihaeldearestusesthishgraphipunttellusthedifferenebeteenhrniprrastinatinandpurpsefulpstpneentandakeagreatsatire.2.2.3punsnbthprnuniatinandeaningthiskindfpunftenebdiesthespeialnaesffiguresintheliteraryrk.hentheauthrsa

30、nttprtrayapersn,theyfteneplythiskindfpuntgivethepersnaspeialnaeinrdertrevealthefiguresharater,behavirandfate.lvxuexpundsthiskindfpunithriginality;hethinksthattheusefthiskindfpunanbevividinstressingthefigureandprtrayingtheharaterfthefigure.takethefllingasanexaple,(21)inshakespeares“kinghenryiv,sirjhn

31、falstatffisntaharaterhthinksandatsinnerthesaeay.“inappearane,heiskind,nble,itandbrave,hever,infat,heisaselfish,ard,lientiusandikedanatrulyfalsestuff13.andtherd“falstatffissiilart“falsestuffinprnuniatin.antherexaplegeslikethis:ingilberthighets“thephilspherandthenquerr,thissentene“atitterbrkeutfrtheel

32、egantgreeks,herealreadybeginningtakejkesabuttheurthatlkedattheking.14here“theurreferstdigenesthephilsphernnehand,digenesatedveryrudelytardthegreatnquerrthateveryneelserespetedandadired,andnthetherhand,digenesisayniphilspher.andtheriginftherd“uristhegreekrdkuniks,eaning“adg.s“urisatypialfeaturefdigen

33、e,andtheiagefdigeneisvividtus.inr.b.sheridans“theshlfrsandal,ladysneerell,sirbenjainbakbiteandaptainbastallarefausfrtheirrespetivefeatures:sneerelldesellinsneering,benjainbakbiteusuallyspreadsaluniusrursbehindnesbak;andaptainbastalllikesttalkbig.frtheabveexaples,eanseethefeaturefthiskindfpunistusean

34、bjetstraitstexpressthebjetitself.andthisfeaturealsanbefundinantherfigurefspeehetnyy.frexaple,(22)thebiledlbsteralkedinttheffie.here“biledlbsterreferstbritainsldier,beausebritainsldiersftenearredunifr.(23)sapystdstillithhishandsinhispketsandsiledatthesightfbrassbuttns.“brassbuttnsisnefthefeaturesfaer

35、ianpunifr,shereitreferstplie.theabveanalysisindiatesthatpunisinaertainextentnnetedithetnyy,abutthispint;lixinhuaspintisgdfrunderstandingtheinterrelatin.hethinks,“englishpunbelngsttheategryfetnyy15.etnyyisafigurefspeehthathastdiththesubstitutinfthenaefnethingfrthatfanther,inessene,sdespun.punistheuse

36、fardithsaersiilarprnuniatintexpressthedifferenteanings,rtheusefthesaerdtsuggestdifferenteanings.inard,natteritisprnuniatinrspelling,italaysdesiththesubstitutinfthenaefnethingfrthatfanther.therefre,“thesubstitutinfthenaefafrbisthenfeaturefpunandetnyy.hever,eantixtheup,beausethefratinfpunspssessesthef

37、llingtharateristis.3.harateristisfenglishpunthefratinfenglishpunneedstfundaentalnditins:abiguityanddublentext.3.1abiguitythefirstharateristifapunisthatthefusfitseaningliesinitsabiguity.natterhethertheyarehphnesrhgraphs,thespeakeraistahieveanabiguity.abiguityanbedividedintpsitiveandpassiveabiguity.pu

38、ttingtherdintherngplaetauseabiguityandipairingtheeffetivenessisalledpassiveabiguity,hileusingtheplyseenpurpsetenhanetheeffetivenessisalledpsitiveabiguity.inurdailyuniatin,etrytavidthepresenefabiguity,butasfrpunsedeliberatelyreateabiguity.thatisbeausetheessenefapunliesinitsabiguity.frexaple,(24)-hatk

39、indfneydgirlslikethest?-atrinyeustaditthatitisverydiffiultttranslatethepuninthisexapleinthineseithutlsingitsriginalflavr.hever,itisaperfetexaplefpunsinenglish.theendingeleent“nyftherd“atrinyhasthesiilarsundiththatftherd“ney,hihisnsideredasahphnipun.itisipliedtusthatgirlsexpetthangetheirsialandenista

40、tusesthrugharriage.thispunisveryhurusandirni.letslkatantherexaple,(25)king:yusinhalet,andysnhisitthattheludsstillhangnyu?halet:nts,ylrd,iatuhinthesun.16-shakespeare,halethere“sunand“snhavethesaesundbutabiguity,haletusedthisabiguityskillfullythinthisplainingetinintheindiretay.thekingpretendedtbeintia

41、teithhaletandallhi“sn,hever,haletrespndedthat“iatuhinthesun.thesurfaeeaningisthathedriesinthesunfralngtie,butatually,itsuggeststhathaletuldntbeartbehisunlessnanylnger.keepinindthattheentralandbasiphenennnhihpunsperatesisabiguity.apunintentinallyeplysphneirseantinditinstsuggestneeaningnthesurfaehileh

42、idinganther.eanfindtheretialsupprtfrtheabiguityfpuns.lixinhuaaintainsthatlanguageunithasbthfrandntent,hilethereisntane-t-nerelatinshipbeteenfrandntent,thatistsay,nephneifrdesntsignifyneeaning,andneeaningisntrepresentedbynelanguagefr17.frexaple,(26)tryyurseetrn;yullsilefreartear.itisasuessfuladvertis

43、eent.nephneifr“earanbeinterpretedasdubleeaning,neisrganfhearing,thetheris“seed-bearingpartfaereal,suhasheat,et.3.2thedublentextantherharateristiisthatapunntainsadublentext.ardingttheaerianshlararhibalda.hill,therearethreeeleentsinanalyzingandpsingapun:adublentext,ahingeandatrigger18.dublentext,hihla

44、ysfundatinsfrprehensinfpunnysense,isessentialfrfringapun.hingereferstpunnyrd,andatriggerrefersttheintentinandbakgrundthatlurkbehindtheexplitatinfpuns,hihisfteneplyedheneanalyzepuns.theexateaningfardisdeterinedbyitsntext,anddifferentntextsayleadtdifferenteanings.takethefllingasanexaple,(27)“ineisalng

45、andasadtale!saidtheuse,turningtalieandsighing.“itisalngtail,ertainly!saidalie,lkingdnithnderattheusestail;“buthydyuallitsad?19(l.arl:aliesadventuresinnderland)hisexaple,thehingerdsare“taleand“tail,hihisahphne.hattheuseantstnveyisastry,s,hentheusesays“asadtale,aliegetsnfused,beauseeantsay“asadtail.an

46、therexapleisasflls:(28)aansitsdnatatableinarestaurantandasks,“dyuserverabshere?theaitersays,“sure,sitdn,eserveanybdy.here,therd“rabisthehinge.nnehand,“rabeansakindfseafd,nthetherhand,italseans“heustersntext,heisaskingiftherestaurantservesthefdfrabs,hileintheaiterntext,heunderstands“ther

47、abas“asurpersn,shetellstheusterthattheyserveeveryneevenapersnhhasgtbadteper.(29)aftersuessfullydeliveringthefirsthildfaanadianuplevisitingstland,thedtrpppedinttheaitingrttelltheanxiushusbandthegdnes.“itsabyeightpundsexatly!“h,repliedtheflusteredfather.“illyutakeahek?inthedtrsntext,“pundis“aunitfeigh

48、t,hileintheflusteredfathersntext,“pundis“aunitfney.therefre,heansered,“illyutakeahek?4.funtinsfenglishpunpunisaittiisinvlvingtheplayfulusefardindifferentsensesrrdsthatdifferineaningsbutsundalike;itisessentiallyadevietattratareadersattentin.innature,itisardplay.hileinessene,itisanabiguity.thatistsay,

49、ardrphrasehasaeaningnthesurfae,buthidinganthereaningsastahieveaspeifiedipatupnseaudiene.punfulfilsrefuntinsashur,it,satire,entertainent,persuasin,andsfrth.4.1prduinghuruseffettheajrfuntinfpunistprduehuruseffet.thesepunsenablethespeakerrtheritertexpresshisintentinindiretly,iprvingthetensin.setiesitan

50、evenrelievetheebarrassedandreatealightandhappyatsphere.frexaple,(30)“furthflr,please,saidthepassengerttheelevatr.“hereyuare,sn“hdareyuallesn?“ibrughtyuup,didnti?thephrase“bringsbupanbeinterpretedas“teduateandarefrahilduntiltheyaregrnupr“takesbhere.eanlearnthesart,livelyandhurusinthisdialgue.(31)thep

51、rfessrtappednhisdeskandshuted,“gentleen,rder!theentirelassyelled,“beer!here,“rdereans“bequietr“taskfrgdsrserviestbesupplied.henaprfessrishavinglass,naturally,heisaskingthestudentstkeepquiet.hever,thestudentsusethehnyttisttheprfessrseaningnpurpse.bththestudentsandtheprfessrgethattheyant.ealsbelieveth

52、attheprfessrannthelplaughinghenhehearsthestudentsrespnse“beer!attheent,huranbeprduedandrelieveebarrassent.(32)hpelessider-“nthinganendabrkenheart.hpefulidhisexaple,thekeyrdis“repair.“repairisaplyseird,hever,atthefirstthught,eareeasytrealizetheriginaleaningf“repair,hihis“tfixr“tend.butane“endabrkenhe

53、artinausualay?fursent!frthehintfthespellingf“re-pairing,eanfindtheintentinaleaningf“id.thenlyaytendabrkenheartistfindaspuseagain.herehurgesithit.4.2akingabittersatiretprduesatirialeffet,apunisightierthanasrdanditisabrilliantne.asatirialpunistheusefittaketheattaklever,funnyrhurus.frexaple,(33)ifinall

54、yfigureduthgvernentrks.thesenategetsthebillfrthehuse.thepresidentgetsthebillfrthesenate.andegetthebillfreverything.20herethefirstandsend“billeans“draftfaprpsedla,tbedisussedbyaparliaent,thethirdeans“rittenstateentfneyedfrgdsrserviessupplied.theauthrusesthedubleeaningftherd“billtfrpun.byntrast,itshst

55、hattheitizensaregreatlydissatisfiediththegvernentandakeabittersatirettherules.(34)ysister,rs.jeargery,asrethantentyyearslderthani,andhadestablishedagreatreputatinithherandtheneighbrsbeauseshehadbrughteup“byhand.havingatthetietfindutfrneselfhattheexpressineant,andkningherthaveahardandheavyhand,andtbe

56、uhinthehabitflayingitupnherhusbandasellasupne,isuppsedthatjegargeryandierebthbrughtupbyhand.21(harlesdikens,greatexpetatins)herethekeyphraseis“tbebrughtupbyhand,henereadthefirst“brughtupbyhand,eknitnveysitsriginaleaning,hilethrughthentext,eanknthatthesendipliedthatrs.jeargeryusuallybeatherhusbandand

57、heryungbrtherithherhardandheavyhand,hihadethesufferagreatdeal.byakingasharpntrastbeteenhatrs.jeargerytldherneighbrsandthetruth,thehlepassageshsagreatsatire.(35)a:hatdlayersdhentheydie?b:liestill.“l(fā)ieand“stillreatedublepunsinthisdialgue.thesendsenteneanbeunderstdas:“theyrestilltellingliesafterdeath.i

58、talsanbeinterpretedas:“theyrelyingtheresilentlyafterdeath.itisbviuslythattheauthrusesthepunstsatirizethelayershalaysddishnestthingsinthenaefthelahentheyarealive.4.3expressingharatersfeelingpunisfrequentlyeplyedinliteraryrkstprtrayfiguresharater,behavir,andrevealtheirfeeling.frexaple;(36)“yullhavetke

59、eplass2underyurthub.saidtheheadaster.takethislear,heshedehisnthub;ahugething,likeapketudgel.ifeltverypale.ihadreasnenughtdistrustythub22.(edardblishen,raringbys)herethekeyrdfthisexapleis“thub.“thubanbeunderstdas“nehasabilitytdsthr“shrtthikfingersetapartfrthetherfur.“tkeepsbundernesthubeans“pletelyun

60、hisexaple,theauthradeasharpntrastbeteentheneteahersthubandtheheadastershugethub,andpinteduttheirdifferentability.thebaddisiplinedphenennflass2appearsbefrethereaders,atthesaetie,revealingtheneteaherstiidharater.(37)nti,believee.yuhavedaningshesithniblesles;ihaveasulfleadsstakes