2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)41

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing_______whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharged“排出；批準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)”；B選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”；C選項(xiàng)disposed“處理，布置，安排”；D選項(xiàng)dumped“傾銷(xiāo)”。句意：當(dāng)一種產(chǎn)品以低于其正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格引入另一個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，該產(chǎn)品將被視為_(kāi)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是在解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，所以dumped“傾銷(xiāo)”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)_______waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amiable

B.amicable

C.inimical

D.unfriendly

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amiable“親切友好的”；B選項(xiàng)amicable“心平氣和的”；C選項(xiàng)inimical“對(duì)……有害的；敵意的”；D選項(xiàng)unfriendly“不友好的”。句意：如果爭(zhēng)端不盡快以_______的方式解決，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家肯定會(huì)開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指如果沒(méi)有妥善解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，就會(huì)引發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，amicable“心平氣和的”方式放在這里比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Heknewthatthearea’srichplantlifehadbeenseverely______bythehugeherdsofcowsgrazingtheland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depleted

B.decomposed

C.corrupted

D.corroded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)depleted“耗盡……的資源”；B選項(xiàng)decomposed“分解”；C選項(xiàng)corrupted“使惡化；使腐敗”；D選項(xiàng)corroded“腐蝕”。句意：他知道這個(gè)地區(qū)大量的植被已經(jīng)被大量放牧的牛群嚴(yán)重______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，depleted“耗盡……的資源”搭配richplantlife“豐富的植物”比較合理，意指植被資源被嚴(yán)重消耗。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C選項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)convincing“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：可以想象，這位州長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)真正的解決預(yù)算困境的辦法，但她可能會(huì)被誘導(dǎo)去搞一場(chǎng)騙局：一個(gè)_______的財(cái)政審慎行動(dòng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”搭配deception“騙局”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Whilethecompany’sCEOprofessestobeconfidentandurgesthedealforward,itsinvestorsareunlikelytobeso_______aboutitsprospects.Manywereuncomfortableatthewaythecorporationwasforcedtospendmuchofitscapitalinlastyear’sexpansion,andthisnewventureispotentiallyevenmorerisky.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apathetic

B.sanguine

C.apprehensive

D.anxious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apathetic“無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的；缺乏興趣的”；B選項(xiàng)sanguine“樂(lè)觀的，充滿(mǎn)希望的”；C選項(xiàng)apprehensive“憂(yōu)慮的”；D選項(xiàng)anxious“擔(dān)憂(yōu)的；急切的”。句意：雖然該公司的首席執(zhí)行官聲稱(chēng)有信心并敦促該交易繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但其投資者不太可能對(duì)其前景如此_______。根據(jù)while“雖然”，這里指CEO“首席執(zhí)行官”和investors“投資者”態(tài)度相反，sanguine“樂(lè)觀的，充滿(mǎn)希望的”和confident“充滿(mǎn)信心”意思相近，搭配unlikelyto符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

“Doyouwanttosee______myIDcardormydriver’slicense?”“Eitherwilldo.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.every

B.each

C.either

D.both

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)every“每個(gè)”；B選項(xiàng)each“各個(gè)”；C選項(xiàng)either“（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)”，either…or“是……還是……”；D選項(xiàng)both“兩者”，both…and“兩個(gè)都”。句意：你要看我的身份證還是駕駛執(zhí)照？隨便哪一個(gè)都行。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里問(wèn)的是要看身份證還是駕駛證，結(jié)合后面or，either…or符合語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)either“（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。

42.盡管財(cái)政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅(jiān)持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)積極推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)，加快建設(shè)法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府。

45.中國(guó)節(jié)能環(huán)保市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

8.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：他寫(xiě)下了地址，以免忘記。橫線(xiàn)到句尾部分是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)incase“以免”，不加not；B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”；C選項(xiàng)inorderthat“以便”；D選項(xiàng)fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語(yǔ)法。寫(xiě)下地址是為了防止忘記和語(yǔ)法正確性，B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：眾所周知，氣體隨著溫度的升高和降低而膨脹和收縮。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)as關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代主句內(nèi)容；其引導(dǎo)從句比較靈活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被動(dòng)式。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingtohelptheseenterprisesoutofthe______byvariousmeans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flight

B.plight

C.delight

D.twilight

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flight“班機(jī)；逃走”；B選項(xiàng)plight“困境；誓約”；C選項(xiàng)delight“高興”；D選項(xiàng)twilight“暮色；衰退期”。句意：政府正試圖通過(guò)各種方式幫助這些企業(yè)走出______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指政府幫助遇到麻煩的企業(yè)，所以plight“困境”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,______contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afact

B.whichfact

C.whosefact

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：亞利桑那州有許多銅礦，這一事實(shí)對(duì)該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受主句的限制，也就是說(shuō)從句去掉以后主句仍然成立；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞和主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，通常用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開(kāi)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先行詞不用that，先行詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不能省略。A選項(xiàng)afact在這里不構(gòu)成從句，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)whichfact不需要用名詞fact，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)that不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)whosefact符合句子意思和語(yǔ)法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itisamazingthattworesearchesworkingindependentlymadethesamediscovery______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)collaboratively“協(xié)作地”；D選項(xiàng)conscientiously“良心上”。句意：令人驚訝的是，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的研究人員______獲得同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指兩個(gè)研究人員在研究時(shí)互不聯(lián)系，沒(méi)有任何外部的干涉，卻有相同的發(fā)現(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whetherthefederalgovernment

B.eitherthefederalgovernment

C.thatthefederalgovernment

D.thefederalgovernment

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：美國(guó)政府早期的特點(diǎn)是一場(chǎng)關(guān)于是聯(lián)邦政府還是州政府應(yīng)該擁有更多權(quán)力的辯論。根據(jù)題目劃分句子成分可知，concerning到句子結(jié)尾是修飾debate的后置定語(yǔ)，橫線(xiàn)到句子結(jié)尾是修飾concerning的狀語(yǔ)從句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……還是……”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境A選項(xiàng)whetherthefederalgovernment符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Humanbeings:inalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.41.Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversifyinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,Anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind,Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.42.Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.43.Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

Anthropologyanalysisrestsheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.44.Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Soprofoundinitssimplicity,thisinsightopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.

45.Thus,theAnthropologicalconceptof“culture”,liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

【答案】41.另外，人類(lèi)還有能力改善自己的生存環(huán)境，從而使所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從于人類(lèi)自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。

42.社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖尋求像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性、有序、系統(tǒng)和客觀的方式研究人類(lèi)及其行為。

43.重視收集第一手資料，結(jié)合在分析古今的文化現(xiàn)象時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)一無(wú)二并且極為重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。

44.泰勒把文化定義為“……一個(gè)復(fù)合整體，（它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其他能力和習(xí)慣?！?/p>

45.因此，人類(lèi)學(xué)中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣，是一個(gè)抽象概念，它使大量的具體研究和理解成為可能。

15.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗；勇敢地面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)standinfor“代替”；C選項(xiàng)standupfor“擁護(hù)；堅(jiān)持”；D選項(xiàng)standinwith“與……聯(lián)合；同……分擔(dān)”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗齻冃枰俚氖澄锖透俚难鯕?，而且她們更能_______輻射。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“輻射”比較合理，意指女性更能承受輻射。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。Itisnotuntil…that…“直到……才”，所以C選項(xiàng)“thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained”符合題意。句意：這些早期的鐘通過(guò)砝碼運(yùn)行，并不是特別準(zhǔn)確，直到16世紀(jì)才準(zhǔn)確。其余選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.Rotated180degreesonahorizontalaxissothatitisupsidedown,itdenotesthematernalessencethatissometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer.Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended.Thatwordiswow.

TheauthorisDanBrown(anameyouwillwanttoremember).Inthisgleefullyeruditesuspensenovel,Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre.(Thisisthekindofbookthatnoticesthatthisonegallery’slengthisthreetimesthatoftheWashingtonMonument.)ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.That’ssceneleavinglittledoubtthattheauthorknowshowtopiqueinterest,asthecurator,JacquesSauniere,fightsforhislife.

Desperatelyseizingthepaintinginordertoactivatethemuseum’salarmsystem,Saunieresucceedsinbuyingsometime.Andheusesthesestolenmoments?Whicharehislast?Totakeoffhisclothes,drawacircleandarrangehimselflikethefigureinLeonardo’smostfamousdrawing,“TheVitruvianMan.”AndtoleavebehindananagramandFibonacci’sfamousnumericalseriesasclues.

Whateverthisisabout,itisenoughtosummonLangdon,whobynow,heblushestorecall,hasbeendescribedinanadoringmagazinearticleas“HarrisonFordinHarristweed.”Langdon’slatestmanuscript,which“proposedsomeveryunconventionalinterpretationsofestablishedreligiousiconographywhichwouldcertainlybecontroversial,”isdefinitelygermane.

AlsosoononthesceneisthecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes:“Unlikethecookie-cutterblondesthatadornedHarvarddormroomwalls,thiswomanwashealthywithanunembellishedbeautyandgenuinenessthatradiatedastrikingpersonalconfidence.”EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.

Thebookmovesatabreakneckpace,withtheauthorseemingthoroughlytoenjoyhiscontrivances.Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.AndSophieandLangdonaresentontherun,thebettertochurnupathrilleratmosphere.Totheircredit,theyevadetheirpursuersasingeniouslyastheydomosteverythingelse.

Whenbeingfollowedviaaglobalpositioningsystem,forinstance,itissmarttosendthesensorflyingouta40-footwindowandleadpursuerstothinkyouhavedonethesame.Somehowthebookmanagestoreconcilesuchderring-dowithremarkslike.“Anddidyouknowthatifyoudividethenumberoffemalebeesbythenumberofmalebeesinanybeehiveintheworld,youalwaysgetthesamenumber?”

“TheDaVinciCode”isbreezyenougheventomakefunofitscharacters’owncleverness.AtonepointLangdonisaskedbyhishostwhetherhehashiddenasought—aftertreasurecarefullyenough.“Actually,”Langdonsays,unabletohidehisgrin,“thatdependsonhowoftenyoudustunderyourcouch.”

21.Whydoestheauthorusetheword“wow”todescribethenovelTheDaVinciCode?

22.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

23.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHarryPotterisallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

24.ThemajorfactorthatcontributestothesuccessofTheDaVinciCodeis________.

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“TheDaVinceCode”is________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethewordreadsthesamebackwards.

B.Becauseitisalsolinkedtothesportoffootball.

C.Becausethenovelisimbuedwithperplexingenigmasandsmartlywrought.

D.Becausethenovelisabestseller.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DanBrown,authorof“TheDaVinciCode”haspublishedsofarfournovels.

B.TheDaVinciCodebeginswithamysteriousmurdercaseintheGalleryofLouvre.

C.Inhisearliernovels,DanBrownhascreatedcharacterslikeSpohieNeveu.

D.TheDaVinciCodewinsthepopularityamongwomenbecauseDanBrownisaferventfeminist.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisalsoabestselleraroundtheworld

B.itattractsreaderswithheart-throbbingsuspense

C.itischaracterizedbyhoaxandunreliableplots

D.ithasachievedimmensepopularitywithreaders

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theengrossingprologue

B.thedepictionofthefemaleprotagonistSophieNeveu

C.thebreakneckpaceandacliffhangerattheendofalmosteverychapter

D.thecolorfuldescriptionoftheclevernessofthecharacters

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.indifferent

C.affirmative

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)thisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended（這本推理懸疑小說(shuō)值得推薦，它充滿(mǎn)謎題和破解密碼，令人興奮），可知這部小說(shuō)寫(xiě)得很精彩，所以C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@部小說(shuō)充滿(mǎn)了令人費(fèi)解的謎題，構(gòu)思巧妙的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞倒著讀也是一樣的”和B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗才c足球運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.（“達(dá)芬奇密碼”是一種少見(jiàn)的可逆回文。），和第二句sometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer（有時(shí)與足球運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起），可知是在解釋達(dá)芬奇密碼這個(gè)名詞而非小說(shuō)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@本小說(shuō)是一本暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句fine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection（并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了微調(diào)，使之達(dá)到了轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的完美境界），這里沒(méi)有表示小說(shuō)賣(mài)得好，其他地方也沒(méi)有提到小說(shuō)的銷(xiāo)量，故錯(cuò)誤。

因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.（即使他設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)故事不是為了尋找丟失的神圣女性本質(zhì)，女性們也會(huì)特別喜歡布朗先生。），可知丹?布朗不是女性主義者，D選項(xiàng)“《達(dá)?芬奇密碼》在女性中廣受歡迎，因?yàn)榈?布朗是一個(gè)狂熱的女權(quán)主義者”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故正確。A選項(xiàng)“丹?布朗，《達(dá)芬奇密碼》的作者，迄今為止已經(jīng)出版了四部小說(shuō)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.（布朗采用了他在早期三部小說(shuō)中發(fā)展起來(lái)的形式）可知布朗已經(jīng)出版了四部小說(shuō)，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“《達(dá)芬奇密碼》始于盧浮宮的一樁神秘的兇殺案”：根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre…ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.（以這本新書(shū)的序言為例，故事發(fā)生在盧浮宮的大畫(huà)廊……一名來(lái)自卡拉瓦喬的人、一名白化病僧人和一名館長(zhǎng)卷入了一場(chǎng)殊死搏斗。），可知在小說(shuō)開(kāi)頭講的是兇殺案，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在他早期的小說(shuō)中，丹?布朗創(chuàng)造了像索菲?奈芙這樣的人物”：根據(jù)第五段第一句thecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes（索菲?奈芙，由作者早期作品的原型而來(lái)），可知丹?布朗在早期創(chuàng)造了跟索菲?奈芙很像的人物，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句N(xiāo)otsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問(wèn)世以來(lái)，還沒(méi)有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），可知《哈利?波特》通過(guò)跌宕起伏和充滿(mǎn)懸疑的情節(jié)吸引讀者，B選項(xiàng)“它以讓人心跳加速的懸念吸引讀者”符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它的特點(diǎn)是騙局和不可靠的陰謀”不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“這本書(shū)在世界各地都很暢銷(xiāo)”和D選項(xiàng)“它在讀者中獲得了巨大的人氣”：作者為了讓讀者理解自己的意思，一定會(huì)選擇大家耳熟能詳?shù)睦?，推斷《哈?波特》暢銷(xiāo)并且受歡迎，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句N(xiāo)otsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問(wèn)世以來(lái)，還沒(méi)有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），作者點(diǎn)出這本書(shū)受歡迎的獨(dú)特之處，第六段第二句Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.（幾乎每一章都以懸念結(jié)尾：這并不容易，考慮到要完成的普通的拍攝數(shù)量。），結(jié)合文章運(yùn)用大量筆墨表達(dá)《達(dá)芬奇密碼》充滿(mǎn)懸疑，所以C選項(xiàng)“幾乎每一章結(jié)尾的驚險(xiǎn)節(jié)奏和扣人心弦的情節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“引人入勝的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”，B選項(xiàng)“女主人公索菲?奈芙的描寫(xiě)”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人物聰明才智的生動(dòng)描述”：不是《達(dá)芬奇密碼》最獨(dú)特的地方，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thatwordiswow.（這個(gè)詞就是哇。），可知作者對(duì)小說(shuō)的態(tài)度是C選項(xiàng)“肯定”。A選項(xiàng)“批判”，B選項(xiàng)“冷淡”和D選項(xiàng)“諷刺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.withwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：教學(xué)質(zhì)量應(yīng)該以學(xué)生潛能的開(kāi)發(fā)程度來(lái)衡量。橫線(xiàn)及其后面部分是修飾degree的定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)固定搭配tothedegree確定用介詞to，D選項(xiàng)towhich符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵元素。與其他自然資源復(fù)雜地交織在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中（nexus）不可分割的組成部分。由于風(fēng)沙和水的侵蝕，世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的惡化（degradation）不僅是一個(gè)物理或生物化學(xué)問(wèn)題，而且常常與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響，因?yàn)橥ǔＪ撬麄儞碛羞@些惡化的土地。

（42）為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達(dá)到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）極端貧困，我們需要處理與土地惡化相關(guān)的一系列復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術(shù)問(wèn)題，也是管理（governance）問(wèn)題。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

20.單選題

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路趕來(lái)幫助她，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她投井自盡了。A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)tofind“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)inordertofind“為了發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)soastofind“以便發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則下，成千上萬(wàn)的雇主不得不實(shí)行一些最嚴(yán)厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當(dāng)其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會(huì)中人類(lèi)為了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所付出的代價(jià)，就和為了不需要花錢(qián)就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價(jià)高昂；但是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則帶來(lái)的好處高于付出的代價(jià)，因?yàn)檎沁@種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對(duì)個(gè)體來(lái)說(shuō)可能很難，但是它適用于人類(lèi)，因?yàn)樗ＷC了人類(lèi)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則不僅是良性的，而且對(duì)種族的未來(lái)發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無(wú)論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實(shí)證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

22.單選題

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：開(kāi)車(chē)越小心就越好。B選項(xiàng)cannottoo加形容詞“越……越好”，其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配且不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan(清教徒)traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.

TomakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.

TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialofthecrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoimmigratedinthelate1630s:leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbymypeople.”O(jiān)newonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.

Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”

26.Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland________.

27.ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglanders________.

28.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay________.

29.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften________.

30.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife

B.intellectualinterestwereencouraged

C.politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors

D.intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.experiencedacomparativelyearlyhistory

B.broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld

C.paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife

D.wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings

B.gainedincreasingimportanceinreligionsaffairs

C.abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld

D.createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.influencedbysuperstitions

B.troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

C.puzzledbychurchsermons

D.frustratedwithfamilyearnings

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities

B.weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect

C.camefromdifferentintellectualbackground

D.leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits”（在新英格蘭，沒(méi)有任何其他地方比殖民地美國(guó)“對(duì)知識(shí)追求”有如此高的重視），可知作者認(rèn)為新英格蘭重視知識(shí)，所以B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)知識(shí)分子的興趣”正確。A選項(xiàng)“清教傳統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)了政治生活”和D選項(xiàng)“享有追求知識(shí)自由的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第一段第三句N(xiāo)ewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan（清教徒）traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.（新英格蘭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的占主導(dǎo)地位的清教傳統(tǒng)文化作為美洲文化生活的基本主題和當(dāng)務(wù)之急。），可知沒(méi)有說(shuō)到清教和政治的緊密聯(lián)系，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把清教作為文化基底，沒(méi)有讓人充分自由追求文化，故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“政治從知識(shí)的努力中獲益良多”：文章沒(méi)有提到知識(shí)在政治方面帶來(lái)的好處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此選B項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.（但是，為了與我們對(duì)南方知識(shí)分子生活的考察相一致，我們可以把最初的清教徒看作是歐洲文化的載體，他們?cè)谶m應(yīng)新大陸的環(huán)境。），可知新英格蘭人把原本就有的清教帶到新大陸，所以B選項(xiàng)“帶來(lái)了舊世界的文化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷了比較早的歷史”：不是作者想要表達(dá)的意思，屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)南方的知識(shí)分子生活沒(méi)有多少關(guān)注”：這里指的是以讀者的角度看南方知識(shí)分子而非新英格蘭人，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“癡迷于宗教創(chuàng)新”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Puritans’theologicalinnovations（清教徒的神學(xué)創(chuàng)新），并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們癡迷于宗教改革，屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldau