2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號76

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot（

）extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問題1選項

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”；since“自…以來”；after“在…之后”；as“因為”。句意：盡管這場火災最終得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災已經(jīng)造成了大量損害，大量損害發(fā)生在前，火災控制在后。故A項正確。

2.單選題

Youcannotbe（

）carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問題1選項

A.very

B.so

C.too

D.enough

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。cannottoo…“再...也不為過”。句意：開車時你再怎么小心也不為過。答案C

3.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohuman（

）anddevelopment.

問題1選項

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evolution進化，演變；survival生存，幸存；rivalry競爭，對抗；dignity尊嚴。句意：歷史已經(jīng)表明，不同社會制度、不同意識形態(tài)的國家可以攜手應對人類生存與發(fā)展的共同挑戰(zhàn)。由anddevelopment可知該空與development是并列關(guān)系，故B項符合句意，答案B。

4.翻譯題

很多情況下人們談話時，總是爭著表現(xiàn)自己，這類交談對雙方鮮有裨益。當人們談話時，不要花時間思考你接著要說什么，而要設法搞懂他們說的是什么，什么樣的經(jīng)歷才使他們說了那些話，你從那些話中能學到什么，你對說那些話的人又能了解到什么等等。長輩們成長的世界和你成長的世界迥然不同，那個世界也許你不大了解。他們和來自我國其他地區(qū)及其他國家的人們都有重要的觀察事物的方法，它們可以豐富你的生活。

【答案】Inmanycases,peopleinaconversationoftenstrivetorevealoneself,suchconversationwillhavefewbenefitstoeachother.Duringaconversation,don’tspendthetimethinkingaboutwhatyou’regoingtosaynext,insteadtrytounderstandwhatthey’resaying,whatexperienceisbehindtheirremarks,whatyoucanlearnfromthem,etc.Olderpeoplegrowupinaworldwhichisverydifferentfromyours,youmaynotknowverywellaboutthatworld.Boththemandpeoplefromotherpartsofourcountryaswellasfromothernations,haveimportantwaysoflookingatthingswhichcanenrichyourlife.

5.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert（

）itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問題1選項

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。asif“好像”；evenif“即使，盡管”；provided“假如，倘若”；whatever“無論什么”。句意：即使要排一整晚的隊，羅德也決心要買到演唱會的票。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷是讓步關(guān)系，故B項符合，答案B

6.單選題

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It'schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfood,expertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspiritMotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece.ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearthChickensgotanotherboostintheBookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.

ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken'srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

HerbookTheWholeWorldLovesChickenSouplooksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.Throughouttheages,shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”

Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon,”areconsidered"comfortfoods"Sheratonsaid,“IlovesoupandIlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.

TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51%ofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50%saiditwasversatile,41%saiditwaseconomicaland46%saiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensouphasbeen（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（

）.

問題1選項

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.HistoryoftheChickenSoup

問題2選項

A.widelyacknowledged

B.over-estimated

C.appreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.knownonlytomothers

問題3選項

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

問題4選項

A.apopularfood

B.amaindish

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘，中國和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀的哲學家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點。”全文都在贊頌雞湯的治愈力。答案B。其他選項不能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第一段以及第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit…MosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘，中國和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀的哲學家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點?！笨芍u湯的價值流傳已久，廣為人知。故A項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。從文章第三段“Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.亞里士多德認為家禽應該比四條腿的動物站得更高，因為空氣的密度比地球小?！边@只是亞里士多德的猜想，并非事實，故C項內(nèi)容錯誤。答案C

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。從最后一段可知，調(diào)查表明雖然人們購買雞肉的原因不同，但卻側(cè)面說明雞肉是一種受歡迎的食物。C和D不符合常識，B項文中未提及。答案A

7.單選題

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

問題1選項

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：倫敦馬拉松賽是一場艱難的比賽，然而每年有數(shù)千人參加。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知D項正確，答案D

8.單選題

Ifyougototheparkeverydayinthemorning,youwill（

）findhimdoingphysicalexercisethere.

問題1選項

A.logically

B.ordinarily

C.invariably

D.persistently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。logically“邏輯上”；ordinarily“通常地，慣常地”；invariably“總是，不變的”persistently“堅持地”。由gototheparkeveryday及“there”可推知C項正確。句意：如果你每天早晨都去公園，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他總是在那里做運動。答案C

9.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。manipulation“操縱，操作”；reproduction“繁殖，復制”；circulation“流通，發(fā)行量”；penetration“滲透”。句意：新的科技革命給美國報紙業(yè)帶來了發(fā)行量的增長、出版物的擴大以及報紙就業(yè)機會的增加。C項符合句意，答案C

10.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose強加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個歐洲陷入一場大戰(zhàn)爭中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯(lián)系，即小事件引起大戰(zhàn)爭，D項符合題意。答案D

11.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired——rentedatthelowestpossiblecost---muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral---usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy,WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,lakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationthanworkersinGerman(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanthanitisintheunitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretaininggeneratecostsandcreatedbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceofthetechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingapplytothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（

）.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees'ownbusiness.

問題2選項

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問題3選項

A.theintroductionofnewtechnology

B.theimprovementofworkers'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

問題4選項

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.獲得技能被認為是個人的責任”可知D項是對該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案D

'

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).人力資源主管這個職位從不被征求主要決策的意見，也沒有機會晉升為CEO?！笨芍诿绹?，人力資源主管在公司沒有太多發(fā)言權(quán)。C項正確，答案C

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.雖然美國公司經(jīng)常談論在員工培訓上的巨額開支，但事實上，他們在員工技能上的投資比日本或德國公司都要少?！币约啊癆saresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.結(jié)果是，當突破性技術(shù)的到來時，美國就出現(xiàn)了問題?！蔽恼碌诙沃v了美國公司與日德公司在勞動力培訓方面的差異，美國主要培訓那些管理層，而日德重視員工技巧培訓。第三段說到了結(jié)果，美國員工學習新技術(shù)時需要花更多時間。由此可見給員工培訓技巧是非常重要的。答案B

第4題:主旨大意題。本文主要通過對比美國公司與日德國公司的人力資源策略，表明如果美國公司不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢。答案D不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢。答案D

12.單選題

Insuchachangingandcomplexsociety,formerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome（

）.

問題1選項

A.confusing

B.acceptable

C.complicated

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。confusing令人困惑的，混亂的；acceptable可接受的；complicated復雜的；feasible可行的，可用的。句意：在今天這個不斷變化的多元社會，以前應對信息需求的簡單的解決方法變得復雜。根據(jù)changingandcomplexsociety及simplesolutions可推知以前的簡單方法現(xiàn)在變得更復雜。答案C

13.單選題

Mac’sclose（

）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

問題1選項

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。resemblanceto“與…相像”。句意：麥克和弟弟長得很相像，人們常常把他們倆認錯。由后文“peoplemistakethemforoneanother”可知Mac兩兄弟長得很像。答案A

14.單選題

Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave（

）agriculturalproduction.

問題1選項

A.blundered

B.tangled

C.bewildered

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。blundered“做錯；說錯話”；tangled“使糾纏；處于混亂狀態(tài)”；bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；hampered“阻礙，束縛”。句意：小農(nóng)場和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的缺乏阻礙了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。聯(lián)系前半句可知只有D項“阻礙”符合句意。答案D

15.單選題

Atfirsteverythingwentwellwiththeprojectbutrecentlywehavehadanumberof（

）withthemachinery.

問題1選項

A.disturbances

B.setbacks

C.outputs

D.distortions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。disturbance“干擾，騷亂”；setback“挫折，頓挫”；output“輸出，產(chǎn)出”；distortion“變形，扭曲”。句意：開始時，工程進展還算順利，但是最近機器出現(xiàn)了一些問題。由but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句意可知答案B

16.單選題

Theaccountant（

）thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfunderraiser.

問題1選項

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。donate捐贈；validate證實，驗證；embezzled盜用，挪用；certify證明，保證。句意：那個會計盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知，前后兩句關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈者”，那么前半句句意應與之相反。故C項符合題意，答案C

17.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒人能阻止她嫁給他，因為她總是我行我素。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知答案A

18.單選題

Aloneinthedesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（

）lonely.

問題1選項

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.everythingbut

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nothingbut只有，只不過；anythingbut根本不，決不；allbut幾乎，差不多。句意：雖然他獨自待在一個荒蕪的房子里，但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一點也不感到孤獨。由“hewassobusywithhisresearchwork”可知，他忙于研究，一點也不覺得孤獨。答案B

19.單選題

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointCastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystarlingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productoffering，orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthepresentwebbusiness?

2.Establishedpartnersarepreferredinwebbusinessbecause（

）.

3.Netpuristsaremostworriedthat

（

）.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutA?

問題1選項

A.Webbusinessisnolongerinfashion

B.Business-to-businesssalesarethetrend.

C.Webbusinessisprosperousintheconsumermarket.

D.Manycompaniesstilllackconfidenceinwebbusiness.

問題2選項

A.theyaremorecreditablethanothers

B.theyspecifytheproductstheywant

C.theyhaveaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet

D.theyarecapableofconductingonlinetransactions

問題3選項

A.onlytherequestedinformationconiestothescreen

B.thenetisfilledwithcommercialpromotion

C.thedifferencebetweentheWedandTVwillfade

D.pushtechnologywilldominatethescreen

問題4選項

A.Itssuccessisattributedtopushstrategies.

B.Itisprosperouswithoutpushstrategies.

C.Itishighlyconcernedaboutthecostofcomputingpower.

D.Itisagoodexampleoftheflourishingonlinebusiness.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第2段開頭的Nonetheless表明該句與首段提到的內(nèi)容有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecause（盡管如此，許多公司仍然對使用網(wǎng)絡猶豫不決，因為……），因此D項“許多公司對網(wǎng)絡商務依然缺少自信”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段becauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.及最后一句“Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.一些公司通過只與已建立業(yè)務的伙伴進行在線交易來限制風險，這些業(yè)務伙伴可以訪問公司的私有內(nèi)部網(wǎng)?！笨芍碳覟榱藴p輕風險，會選擇與建立了合作關(guān)系的固定合作伙伴交易，因為他們更值得信賴。”答案A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第3段末句開頭的That'saprospect表明前面提到的內(nèi)容就是使網(wǎng)絡凈化者覺得擔憂的問題，上文說網(wǎng)絡廣告不應像電視那樣不請自來，由此可見，網(wǎng)絡凈化者最擔心的是以后電腦屏幕會被不請自來的廣告占據(jù)，因此D為本題答案。關(guān)鍵不在于“網(wǎng)絡中滿是商業(yè)促銷”，而是“pushtechnology（廣告推送）”。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第四段首句“ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.不靠推銷策略賺錢也是可行的?！苯又e亞馬遜的成功案例，可知答案B

20.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出，強調(diào)”；underline“強調(diào)，在…下面劃線”；activate“刺激，使活動”；upgrade“使升級，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風格，如裝飾或圖畫。A項符合句意，答案A

21.單選題

Hisinabilitytolearnforeignlanguagewasan（

）tohiscareer.

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.disturbance

C.occurrence

D.obstacle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。shortage“短缺”；disturbance“打擾”；occurrence“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；obstacle“障礙”。句意：他沒有學習外語的能力，這成為他職業(yè)生涯的一個障礙。根據(jù)上下文句意可知D項符合題意，答案D

22.單選題

Theyhaveconsideredtheirhighstandardoflivinga(n)（

）forpracticingtheirbasicbeliefs.

問題1選項

A.award

B.reward

C.result

D.consequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。award獎，獎品；reward回報，獎賞，常與for搭配；result結(jié)果；consequence后果。句意：他們認為自己的高生活水準是對他們踐行基本信仰的一種回報。由空格前后部分的句意可知B項符合題意。答案B

23.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查動詞辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive喪失，剝奪；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：這位囚犯被剝奪了三年的個人自由。C項符合句意。答案C。

24.翻譯題

教育無所不在，可以在任何場合進行，可以在淋浴時，也可以在工作中；可以在廚房里，也可以在拖拉機上，教育既包括在學校的正規(guī)學習，也包括整個非正規(guī)學習的過程。從德高望重的爺爺奶奶到在電視上就時政展開唇槍舌戰(zhàn)的人們；從年幼的孩子到著名的科學家都可以是教育者。一個人從嬰兒時期起就開始接受教育。教育是一項終身的活動，是人的一生中自始至終不可或缺的組成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

25.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（

）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

問題1選項

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。cometo想起；comearound蘇醒，恢復知覺；cameupwith提出，想出；comeon開始，加油。句意：極少數(shù)的專家想出了對這個世界經(jīng)濟問題的新答案。只有C項能和with搭配，comeupwith提出，想出。答案C

26.單選題

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，壓垮；affected影響；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影響。句意：盡管運動對家庭有決定性影響，Joe認為當體育運動擾亂了家庭傳統(tǒng)與日常生活時，應該拒絕運動。由although可推知前后性質(zhì)相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干擾…”是屬于不利的一面，故前半句應為好的一面。故C項正確。

27.單選題

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

問題1選項

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐獻”；furnish“提供、供應”；administer“管理”。句意：中國紅十字會捐出了一大筆錢來減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項符合題意，答案B

28.單選題

Thisborderincidentledtothetwocountries（

）diplomaticrelationsin1965.

問題1選項

A.breakingup

B.finishing

C.cuttingout

D.breakingoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakup“打碎，分手”；finish“完成”；cutout“切斷，刪去”；breakoff“中斷”。句意：這次邊境沖突導致這兩個國家在1965年中斷了外交關(guān)系。由borderincident可推知這兩國中斷了外交關(guān)系。答案D

29.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項符合句意，答案C

30.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。traversed橫越，穿過；transferred使轉(zhuǎn)移，使調(diào)動；trampled踐踏，無視；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一個有經(jīng)驗的旅行者，在她二十多歲的時候就穿越了非洲和歐洲。只有A項符合題意，答案A

31.單選題

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.

Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept“I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheoiliercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb.”“You'relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“No”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeen

nicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.“I'mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph2means（

）.

2.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if

（

）.

3.Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans

（

）.

4.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone（

）.

問題1選項

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention.

B.I'mjustkidding.

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite.

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound.

問題2選項

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

問題3選項

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared.

問題4選項

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由“Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexceptI’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.我們并不總是言出必行。有時候我們說的話沒有任何意義，只是在發(fā)泄。我真的不希望你仔細聽我說的話。但是請注意我的感受?！笨芍狟項“我在開玩笑”正確。答案B。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第一段中的“Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.詞匯確實給我們提供了一些信息，但它的意義來自于如此多的其他來源，以至于過多依賴言語會阻礙我們與他人交流的有效性?！笨芍狣項正確，不能太依賴字面意思，而是要根據(jù)具體語境去聯(lián)想，這樣才能增加交流的有效性。答案D

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由“Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:‘Idon’twanttofixit…’事實上，這個臺階已經(jīng)很多年來不是這樣的，但其中隱含的信息是：‘我不想把它修好……’”對應可知B項正確。

第4題:詞義題。此題可以根據(jù)排除法來做。由“withemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.”可知這句話“如果你能來那真是太好了”可以用強調(diào)、興奮或儀式性的語氣說出來?？上扰懦鼴、D項，A項“沒有真正的意圖”也不符合。所以ritualistically意為儀式地。答案Ctically只可能與C項意思接近，答案C

32.單選題

Jack（

）theprobleminhismindfortwodaysbeforehedidsomethingaboutit.

問題1選項

A.turnedout

B.turnedto

C.turnedon

D.turnedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnedout結(jié)果是；turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；turnedon打開；turnover仔細考慮。句意：杰克在采取行動之前，關(guān)于這個問題，他在腦海中仔細考慮了兩天。D項符合句意，答案D

33.單選題

Nowthatspringishere,youca