2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)10

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,WhyWeShouldLike,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onepaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（）.

2.Theword“talking”(paragraph1)denotes（）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementsisMcWhortermostlikelytoagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s（）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.“temporary”isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由本文最后一段的最后一句話“Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone”（也許這是一種遺憾，但也許是不可避免的）可知，在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展過(guò)程中，正式英語(yǔ)的衰落是非常正常的，這段介紹了正式英語(yǔ)的衰落，最后一句話是對(duì)這個(gè)衰落過(guò)程的總結(jié)。A選項(xiàng)“在激進(jìn)的教育改革中是不可避免的”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)、C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了反主流文化的爭(zhēng)議”、D選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)60年代改變了公眾的態(tài)度”均說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利是正式英語(yǔ)衰落的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“talking”定位到第一段第四句話“Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,‘doingourownthing’,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic”（但是，“做我們自己的事”這種對(duì)真實(shí)和個(gè)人的狂熱已經(jīng)宣告了正式演講、寫作、詩(shī)歌和音樂(lè)的死亡）再聯(lián)系本段最后一句話“InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft”（在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)中，說(shuō)勝于演講，自發(fā)性勝于技巧）可以推測(cè)talking對(duì)應(yīng)的是非正式的意思。A選項(xiàng)“謙遜”、B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性”、C選項(xiàng)“活力”均為干擾項(xiàng)，與語(yǔ)義不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段最后一句話“Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper”（他并不像許多人那樣，認(rèn)為我們不能再正確地思考，因?yàn)槲覀冋f(shuō)話不恰當(dāng)）可知McWhorter認(rèn)為邏輯思維不一定與我們說(shuō)話的方式有關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)“黑人英語(yǔ)可能比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)更有表現(xiàn)力”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中提到黑人這樣的非官方語(yǔ)言具有強(qiáng)大的表現(xiàn)力，但沒(méi)有與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)作比較；C選項(xiàng)“各種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人類語(yǔ)言也同樣有趣”；D選項(xiàng)“在所有的變體中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)最能傳達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想”均為干擾項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)oveofmemorizingpoetry”定位到最后一段第二句話“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful”（麥克沃特先生承認(rèn)正式語(yǔ)言并不是絕對(duì)必要的，也沒(méi)有提出激進(jìn)的教育改革——他實(shí)際上是在為那些美好而不是有用的東西的喪失而悲傷）可知是表示了對(duì)他們努力的欣賞，所以才會(huì)對(duì)這些事物的喪失感到悲傷。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們語(yǔ)言的興趣”說(shuō)法過(guò)于表面，且文中沒(méi)有詳細(xì)描述；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們記憶的欽佩”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)；D選項(xiàng)“蔑視他們的守舊”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出蔑視的感情。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paperplates”和“china”定位到最后一段第二、三句話“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish‘onepaperplatesinsteadofchina’.”（麥克沃特先生承認(rèn)正式語(yǔ)言并不是絕對(duì)必要的，也沒(méi)有提出激進(jìn)的教育改革——他實(shí)際上是在為那些美好而不是有用的東西的喪失而悲傷。我們現(xiàn)在用我們的英語(yǔ)是“一個(gè)紙盤子，而不是瓷器”）可知紙盤子是功能型的，而瓷器是藝術(shù)型的，所以是功能與藝術(shù)之間的比較。A選項(xiàng)“暫時(shí)的和永久的”；B選項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的和保守的”；D選項(xiàng)“謙虛的與高尚的”為干擾項(xiàng)，不符合語(yǔ)義。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.

Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.

Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.

Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

【答案】我們不能接受氣候變化造成的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，那可能會(huì)永久性地?fù)p害我們傳給子孫后代的這個(gè)世界。我們不能播下沖突和饑荒的種子，摧毀海岸線，使城市蕭條。這就是為什么我們所有國(guó)家現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)各自的責(zé)任，改變我們使用能源的方式。

我們不能接受一個(gè)更多人被剝奪機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)的世界，這種人人渴望的機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)就是：能夠接受教育，能夠過(guò)上體面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的擔(dān)憂中沒(méi)有希望地生活。

我知道這些挑戰(zhàn)是可以應(yīng)對(duì)的，只要人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些挑戰(zhàn)不會(huì)由一個(gè)人或一個(gè)國(guó)家單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)。這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅僅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。

3.單選題

Chinesefarmersaremostlylivingasimpleandthriftylifeasitistoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.miserable

B.economical

C.luxurious

D.sensible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。thrifty“節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的”；A選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；B選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)儉的”；C選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的；放縱的”；D選項(xiàng)sensible“明智的；合乎情理的；意識(shí)到的”。句意：中國(guó)農(nóng)民大多像今天這樣過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)單節(jié)儉的生活。根據(jù)句中“simple簡(jiǎn)單的”可知thrifty在這里的意思為“節(jié)儉的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thepreservedfoodshouldretainpalatableappearance,flavor,andtexture,aswellasitsoriginalnutritionalvalue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tasty

B.stylish

C.delicate

D.notable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。palatable“美味的，可口的；愉快的”；A選項(xiàng)tasty“美味的；高雅的；有趣的”；B選項(xiàng)stylish“時(shí)髦的；現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的；瀟灑的”；C選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)notable“值得注意的，顯著的；著名的”。句意：腌制食品應(yīng)保持其可口的外觀、風(fēng)味和質(zhì)地，以及原有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。題干提到“preservedfood腌制的食物”和“flavor,andtexture味道和質(zhì)地”，可推知palatable在這里“有美味的”的意思，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Muchoftheworld’selectronicwasteisbeingshippedtoChinaforrecyclingandthecottageindustrythathassprunguptheretorecoverusablematerialsfromcomputers,cellphones,televisionsandothergoodsmaybecreatingsignificanthealthandenvironmentalhazards.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveidentifiednumeroustoxicelementsintheemissionsfromane-wasterecyclingworkshopinsouthernChina,whichuseslow-techmethodstoseparatereusableelectroniccomponentsfromthecircuitboards.Itisnotanisolatedcase,thescientistspointout:suchmethodsareusedalloverChina.

ResultsoftheirstudyhavebeenpublishedintheJournalAtmosphericEnvironment.

“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity,”saidBerndR.T.Simoneit,aretiredprofessoratOregonStateUniverseandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination.Forexample,previousstudieshavefoundcarcinogens（致癌物）inwind-carrieddustfromAsia.”

Simoneitisawidelypublishedscientistwhohasbeeninvolvedinnumerousstudiesidentifyingchemical“signatures”foremissions,includingcoalsmoke,biomassburning,petroleum-basedfuelsandeventheburningofmunicipalrefuse.Byusingmassspectrometers（質(zhì)譜儀）andothersophisticatedinstrumentation,theresearcherscanpinpointthecontributionsofspecificemissionstotheatmosphere.

TheirworkinChinawasconductedinShantouCity,atownof150,000peoplelocatedinsouthernChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theycollectedsamplesduringfourworkingdays,whenworkerswereremovingtheelectroniccomponentsbyheatingthecircuitboardsovergrillsonstovesburningcoalbriquettes（煤塊）.

Theworkshophad24stovesalongthreewalls,andanestimatedfivetonsofcircuitboardsstackedalongthefourthwallforprocessing.Workerswouldusethegrillstomeltthesolder,andthenremovereusableportionsofthecircuitry.

TheresearchteamincludedfiveChinesescientistsandSimoneit,whohasdualappointmentsinOSU’sCollegeofOceanicandAtmosphericSciencesandtheDepartmentofChemistry.Theresearchersfoundthatthroughthis“roastingprocess”,numerousorganicchemicals,heavymetals,flameretardantandpersistentorganicpollutantswereemittedintotheairviathesmoke.Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards“isunmistakable.”

“Thenextstepistoseetowhatextentthisisharmingtheenvironmentandcreatingahealthhazardforboththeworkers,andpeoplelivinginthepathoftheemissions—eitherthroughinhalation,orexposuretotheskin,”Simoneitsaid.“Someofthesechemicalcompoundsmaybecarcinogens;othersmaybejustasharmfulbecametheycanactas‘environmentaldisruptors’,andmayaffectbodyprocessesfromreproductiontoendocrine（內(nèi)分泌的，激素的）function.”

TheChineseauthorsofthestudyareaffiliatedwiththeChineseAcademyofSciencesandincludeleadauthorXinliuiBi,withZhenZhenWang,XinmingWang,GuoyingShengandJiamoFu.

SimoneitalsoisworkingwithscientistsinIndiatoidentifychemicalsignaturesfromtheburningofwireandothermaterials,whichisdonetorecyclecopperandotherminerals.AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop“greenchemistry”methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

2.Thethirdparagraphindicates（）.

3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph7isclosestto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthelastsentence（）.

5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chinarecyclesthelargestamountofthee-wasteintheworld

B.notonlyAsiabutalsootherplacesintheworldareinfluencedbythedevelopmentofsuchindustryinanegativeway

C.theburningofthee-wasteisbadforpeople’shealth

D.theburningofthee-wasteisbadfortheenvironment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatsuchworkshopscanonlydogreatharmtothelocalpeople

B.thatsuchworkshopscandogreatharmtoboththelocalpeopleandpeopleinotherplaces

C.thatsuchworkshopscanimmediatelyinfluencepeople’slives

D.thatpeopleinAsiacanbeinfectedwithcancer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.plain

B.likely

C.undoubted

D.surely

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatscientistshavebeenworkingveryhardtosolvetheprobleminSaudiArabia

B.thatthescientisthelpstheproductionofmethaneinSaudiArabia

C.thattheprobleminSaudiArabiaisdifferentfromthatoftheothercountries

D.thattheseeminglyuselesswastecanbeturnedintousefulenergy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheworkshopinShantoucityispoorlyequippedforrecyclingthee-waste.

B.The“roastingprocess”mayproducealargeamountofharmfulpollutants.

C.Chinahasbeensounderdevelopedthatpeopleusesolow-techmethodstodealwithe-wastes.

D.Peoplemaygetharmedeitherbybreathingthepollutedairorbyexposingtheirskintoit.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由本題題干可定位到第三段，由教授和研究者的話“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最緊迫的問(wèn)題是工人和城市居民的健康，但這也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不僅僅是亞洲，全球很多地區(qū)都受到了負(fù)面影響。A選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)是世界上回收電子垃圾最多的國(guó)家”在文中沒(méi)有依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“燃燒電子垃圾對(duì)人們的健康有害”、D選項(xiàng)“燃燒電子垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境有害”說(shuō)法是正確的，但不是文章的大意，不能概括燃燒電子垃圾的全部負(fù)面影響。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由本題題干可定位到第三段“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最緊迫的問(wèn)題是工人和城市居民的健康，但這也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不僅僅是對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裼杏绊?，甚至?duì)全球其他地方也造成了不好的影響，所以這種產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾推渌胤降娜硕加泻艽蟮奈：?。A選項(xiàng)“這種產(chǎn)業(yè)只會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裨斐蓸O大的傷害”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，還對(duì)全球其他地方的人也造成了傷害；C選項(xiàng)“這種產(chǎn)業(yè)可以立即影響人們的生活”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，“立即”過(guò)于絕對(duì)；D選項(xiàng)“亞洲人可能會(huì)感染癌癥”與第三段的內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“unmistakable”定位到第七段最后一句話“Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards‘isunmistakable’”（這種烘烤或烘烤電路板的過(guò)程所產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)特征是不會(huì)弄錯(cuò)的）可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞表示的是肯定的意思。unmistakable“明顯的；不會(huì)弄錯(cuò)的”；A選項(xiàng)plain“簡(jiǎn)單的；樸素的”；B選項(xiàng)likely“很可能的；合適的；有希望的”，代表可能性，但不十分確定；C選項(xiàng)undoubted“無(wú)疑的；確信的”；D選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無(wú)疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍睘楦痹~，劃線處為形容詞，所以排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位本文最后一句話“AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop‘greenchemistry’methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane”（他還在沙特阿拉伯從事另一個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究——開發(fā)“綠色化學(xué)”方法，回收該國(guó)大量城市垃圾產(chǎn)生甲烷）可知，另一個(gè)問(wèn)題即表示沙特阿拉伯的問(wèn)題是與其他地區(qū)的問(wèn)題不同的；A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們一直在努力解決沙特阿拉伯的這個(gè)問(wèn)題”，科學(xué)家在從事研究，但沒(méi)有提到一直致力于解決沙特阿拉伯的問(wèn)題；B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家?guī)椭程匕⒗a(chǎn)甲烷”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，是幫助回收，而不是生產(chǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“看似無(wú)用的廢物可以轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的能源”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)，只是在研究，還沒(méi)有成功。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“汕頭市的這家工廠設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋，無(wú)法回收電子垃圾”，由本文第五、六段可知，在汕頭的處理工作極其耗時(shí)和繁雜；B選項(xiàng)“‘焙燒過(guò)程’可能產(chǎn)生大量有害污染物”、D選項(xiàng)“人們可能會(huì)因?yàn)楹粑廴镜目諝饣虮┞对谖廴镜目諝庵卸艿絺Α本f(shuō)法正確。C選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)一直是如此不發(fā)達(dá)，以至于人們使用如此低技術(shù)含量的方法來(lái)處理電子垃圾”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到了汕頭，而且“一直”這個(gè)說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thecoalitionpartieshaveaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupporttheailingmarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidlyexpanding

B.steadilyimproving

C.makingchanges

D.havingdifficulties

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞ailing意為“生病的，身體不舒服的；病態(tài)的；處境困難的”；A選項(xiàng)“rapidlyexpanding”意為“迅速擴(kuò)大的”；B選項(xiàng)“steadilyimproving”意為“穩(wěn)定提高的”；C選項(xiàng)“makingchanges”意為“交換；更改”；D選項(xiàng)“havingdifficulties”意為“有困難的”。句意：聯(lián)合政黨已要求政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金，幫助支撐低迷的市場(chǎng)。由題干可知，thegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupportthemarket（政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金幫助支撐市場(chǎng)），可以推測(cè)出市場(chǎng)的情況不好，出現(xiàn)了困難。由此可知，ailing在此處最可能是“處境困難的”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted（）ofherchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)support“支持；供養(yǎng)；支持者”；B選項(xiàng)retention“保留；扣留，滯留”；C選項(xiàng)perseverance“堅(jiān)持不懈；不屈不撓”；D選項(xiàng)custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)；拘留；撫養(yǎng)權(quán)”。句意：在離婚中，母親通常獲得子女的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”可知“撫養(yǎng)權(quán)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Abovethetreesarethehills,（）magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.ofwhose

C.whose

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——whose引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。主句為“Abovethetreesarethehills”，從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“山的綺麗景色”，原句為theriverfaithfullyreflectsthehill’smagnificenceonthesurface。句意：在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AtimelystudyinthejournalHumanFactorssuggestswhytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger.Ergonomics（人類工程學(xué)）researchersattheUniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting.ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,“driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.”Buttextingrequiresdriverstoswitchtheirattentionfromonetasktotheother.Whensuchattention-switchingoccursasdriverscompose,read,orreceiveatext,theiroverallreactiontimesaresubstantiallyslowerthanwhenthey’reengagedinaphoneconversation.Thetypeoftextingactivityalsoappearstomakeadifference;inthisstudy,readingmessagesaffectedbrakingtimesmorethandidcomposingthem.

Thehazardsoftextingwhiledrivingcontinuetoreceivebroadnationalandinternationalattentionasaccidentratesattributedtothispracticeincrease.Asaresult,agrowingnumberofU.S.citiesandstates,aswellasCanadianprovinces,bantextingwhileoperatingavehicle.Drewsetal,notedthataccordingtoCTIA,morethan1trilliontextmessagesweresentin2008intheUnitedStatesalone.Tofindwhyandhowmuchdriversareimpairedduringtexting,theresearchersengaged20menand20womenbetweentheagesof19and23inbothasingletask(straightdriving)andadualtask(drivingandtexting)inahigh-fidelitysimulator.Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions.

Thecrashriskattributabletotextingissubstantial.Onepossibleexplanationisthatdriverswhotexttendtodecreasetheirminimumfollowingdistanceandalsoexperiencedelayedreactiontime.Forexample,intheDrewsetal.study,drivers’medianreactiontimeincreasedby30%whentheyweretextingand9%whentheytalkedonthephone,comparedwiththeirperformanceinadriving-onlycondition.

Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Atexterwhiledrivingintendsto（）.

3.Whytextingwhiledrivingismoredangerousthanconversingonacell-phone?

4.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Comparedwithtalkingonacell-phone,itismoredangeroustotalkwithanotherpassenger.

B.Whiledriving,textingisriskierthantalkingonacell-phone.

C.Moreaccidentshappenedduetotextingwhiledriving.

D.Whiledriving,peopletendtoreactmoreslowlywhentheyaretexting.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beabletopayenoughattentiontocarscomingfrombothsidesofhis/hercar

B.keepproperdistancewiththecarinfrontofhis/hers

C.besteadyindrivingalongtheproperlane

D.belessconsciousofthebrakelightsoncarinfrontofhim/hers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetextingmaytendtoslowdownthedriver’sreaction.

B.Becausereadingmessagesaffectedbrakingtime.

C.Becauseattention-switchingfortextingisriskierthanisattention-dividingforconversing.

D.Becausecomposingamessagewhiledrivingmaybemorerisky.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.torepairtheroad

B.keepingtheroadingoodcondition

C.tosticktotheroad

D.drivingsteadilyalongthesamedrivinglane

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Manycarscrashedduetotheuseofacell-phonewhiledriving.

B.Relativelawsshouldbemade.

C.Textingisasdangerousasistalkingonacell-phone.

D.Textingmayleadtosafetyproblems.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段的第一句話“…whytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger”（為什么開車時(shí)發(fā)短信比打電話或與其他乘客通話更危險(xiǎn)）可知，本文是將發(fā)短信與其他兩者之間進(jìn)行相比，而不是將“與用手機(jī)交談相比，與其他乘客交談更危險(xiǎn)”這兩者之間相比，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“開車時(shí)發(fā)短信比打電話更危險(xiǎn)”、C選項(xiàng)“更多的事故是由開車時(shí)發(fā)短信造成的”、D選項(xiàng)“開車時(shí)，人們?cè)诎l(fā)短信時(shí)反應(yīng)往往更慢”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中都有提及，所以說(shuō)法是正確的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段的第二句話“…UniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting”（猶他大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，與邊開車邊打電話或開車時(shí)不發(fā)短信的司機(jī)相比，在駕駛模擬器中發(fā)短信的人發(fā)生的車禍更多，對(duì)前面汽車的剎車燈反應(yīng)更慢，在前進(jìn)和橫向控制方面表現(xiàn)出更大的障礙）可知他們不太在意他/她前面車上的剎車燈。A選項(xiàng)“能夠?qū)乃?她的車的兩邊來(lái)的車給予足夠的注意”、B選項(xiàng)“與他/她前面的車保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x”、C選項(xiàng)“在正確的車道上開車要穩(wěn)”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段的第三、四句話“ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,‘driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.’”（研究人員FrankDrew及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)短信的司機(jī)和打電話的司機(jī)注意力模式不同。研究人員說(shuō)，在后一種情況下，“司機(jī)顯然試圖將注意力分散在打電話和開車之間，根據(jù)任務(wù)需求調(diào)整這兩種活動(dòng)的處理優(yōu)先級(jí)”）可知因?yàn)樵诎l(fā)短信時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移注意力比在交談時(shí)分散注意力風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榘l(fā)短信可能會(huì)減慢司機(jī)的反應(yīng)速度”、B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樽x取信息會(huì)影響制動(dòng)時(shí)間”、D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫呴_車邊寫信息可能更危險(xiǎn)”三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容說(shuō)法也都是開車時(shí)發(fā)短信的危害，但是不夠全面。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干定位到第二段最后一句話“Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions”（參與者是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的短信用戶，平均有4.75年的駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們接收和發(fā)送信息，同時(shí)研究人員觀察他們的剎車開始時(shí)間、跟車距離、沿路行使和碰撞情況）可知lanemaintenance為不變地沿著同樣的駕駛道路駕駛。A選項(xiàng)“修護(hù)道路”、B選項(xiàng)“保持道路狀況良好”、C選項(xiàng)“不偏離道路”語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到最后一段“Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous”（盡管開車時(shí)發(fā)短信存在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但德魯和他在猶他大學(xué)的同事之前的研究——更不用說(shuō)撞車數(shù)據(jù)和廣泛的立法——明確表明開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)是危險(xiǎn)的）可知駕駛時(shí)發(fā)短信會(huì)導(dǎo)致安全問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“許多汽車因開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)而發(fā)生撞車事故”、B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)的法律”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)短信和打電話一樣危險(xiǎn)”錯(cuò)誤，這兩者之間本文沒(méi)有明確表述。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；實(shí)現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；理解；鍛煉”；A選項(xiàng)drawup“起草；使靠近”；B選項(xiàng)bringabout“引起；帶來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)putforward“提出；拿出”；D選項(xiàng)figureout“解決；想出；理解；斷定”。句意：我搞不懂為什么會(huì)有人發(fā)明這么無(wú)聊的東西。根據(jù)句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring為何有人發(fā)明如此無(wú)聊的一些東西”可知workout在這里的意思應(yīng)為“理解”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Whendustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion,theydonot_______formanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dismiss

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.disperse

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“dismiss”意為“解散；解雇；開除；讓……離開；不予理會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)“disguise”意為“掩飾；假裝；隱瞞”；C選項(xiàng)“disgrace”意為“使……失寵；給……丟臉；使……蒙受恥辱”；D選項(xiàng)“disperse”意為“分散；使散開；傳播”。句意：當(dāng)天空中的塵埃處于沒(méi)有空氣流動(dòng)的高度時(shí)，它們要很多年才會(huì)消散。由題干可知，dustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion（天空中的塵埃處于沒(méi)有空氣流動(dòng)的高度），沒(méi)有空氣流動(dòng)塵埃自然也不能飄動(dòng)，所以要等很多年塵埃才能消散。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對(duì)的”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocal當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的；地方性的”；B選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常見(jiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的”；D選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不順利的”。句意：由于天氣條件惡劣，旅行者們停下來(lái)露營(yíng)。根據(jù)句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp這些旅客停下了去扎營(yíng)”可知adverse在這里的意思為“不利的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scope“范圍；余地；視野”；B選項(xiàng)space“空間；太空”；C選項(xiàng)capacity“能力；容量；資格”；D選項(xiàng)range“范圍；幅度；山脈”。句意：約翰稱他現(xiàn)在的工作沒(méi)有為自己的組織能力提供足夠的發(fā)展空間。根據(jù)句中“organizingability組織能力”可知“空間”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerfulthattheymonopolizebetweenthemtheproductionandsaleofcigarettesinthiscountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.govern

B.influence

C.supervise

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞monopolize意為“壟斷；獨(dú)占；擁有……的專賣權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“govern”意為“管理；支配；統(tǒng)治；控制”；B選項(xiàng)“influence”意為“影響；改變；支配”；C選項(xiàng)“supervise”意為“監(jiān)督；管理；指導(dǎo)；主管”；D選項(xiàng)“dominate”意為“控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì)；在……中占主要地位”。句意：這兩家公司勢(shì)力巨大，壟斷了這個(gè)國(guó)家香煙的生產(chǎn)和銷售。由題干可知，Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerful（兩家公司勢(shì)力巨大）所以可推測(cè)出這兩家公司在這個(gè)國(guó)家的香煙生產(chǎn)和銷售中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。由此可知，monopolize在此處最可能是“壟斷”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dominate具有“在……中占主要地位”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepupwith

B.giveawayfrom

C.gobackon

D.losesightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“keepupwith”意為“趕得上；和……保持聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)“giveawayfrom”沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞組；C選項(xiàng)“gobackon”意為“違背；背棄”；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)osesightof”意為“忽略；不再看見(jiàn)”。句意：現(xiàn)在，我們的政府提倡無(wú)論我們做什么或與任何人交往都要講信用。一旦你食言，你就會(huì)失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)。由題干可知，loseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation（失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)），說(shuō)明我們沒(méi)有做到言而有信，違背了自己說(shuō)的話，別人就不再信任我們。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Whatyouhavedoneis（）thedoctor’sorders.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attachedto

B.resistantto

C.responsibleto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)beattachedto“喜愛(ài)；附屬于；B選項(xiàng)beresistantto“抵抗……的；對(duì)……有反抗作用的”；C選項(xiàng)beresponsibleto“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)becontraryto“相反；與……相反”。句意：你所做的事情違反了醫(yī)生的囑咐。根據(jù)句中“thedoctor’sorders醫(yī)生的囑咐”可知“違反”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.intensity

C.solutions

D.importance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。severity“嚴(yán)重性；嚴(yán)格；猛烈”；A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮；刺激；令人新奇的事物”；B選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈；緊張”；C選項(xiàng)solutions“解決方案；應(yīng)對(duì)措施；溶液劑”；D選項(xiàng)importance“價(jià)值；重要；重大”。句意：在第二種文化中經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重程度取決于個(gè)人適應(yīng)新情況的能力。題干指出“adjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculture在第二種文化中所經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問(wèn)題”，可推知severity在這里是“嚴(yán)重性”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indifference“漠不關(guān)心；不重視；中立”；B選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；稱贊；問(wèn)候”；C選項(xiàng)negligence“疏忽；忽視”；D選項(xiàng)reproach“責(zé)備；責(zé)罵”。句意：我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)媽媽的話，看到她臉上責(zé)備的表情，我并不感到驚訝。題干中說(shuō)到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)媽媽的話”，而“責(zé)備”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but（）it’sveryenjoyable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allatonce

B.onceandforall

C.somuchas

D.byandlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)allatonce“突然”；B選項(xiàng)onceandforall“一勞永逸地；徹底地；最后一次”；C選項(xiàng)somuchas“甚至于；連……都不”；D選項(xiàng)byandlarge“大體上，總的來(lái)說(shuō)”。句意：雖然工作上的一些小事情讓我討厭，但是總的來(lái)說(shuō)它是非常令人愉快的。由題干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”可知“byandlarge總的來(lái)說(shuō)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Asapsychotherapistwithmanypatientsintheir20’s,Ican_______thefactthatnotonlydomostofthemnothaveanyhealthinsurance,buttheyalsodonotexpectitasaconditionoflivinginthiscountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attestto

B.contributeto

C.modify

D.interdict

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“attestto”意為“證明；證實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)“contributeto”意為“有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；促成；投稿”；C選項(xiàng)“modify”意為“修改；更改”；D選項(xiàng)“interdict”意為“阻斷，封鎖；禁止”。句意：作為一名有很多20多歲患者的心理治療師，我可以證明一個(gè)事實(shí)，他們中的大多數(shù)人不僅沒(méi)有任何健康保險(xiǎn)，而且他們也不希望這是這個(gè)國(guó)家的一種生活條件。由題干可知，橫線后是thefact（一個(gè)事實(shí)），說(shuō)明這位心理治療師想證明這個(gè)事實(shí)，他的患者中有很多沒(méi)有健康保險(xiǎn)，并且對(duì)此不滿。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Taxincreaseswereintroducedonawiderangeofgoodsandservicestohelpalleviatetheprojectedbudget.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.receive

C.deceive

D.conceive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alleviate“減輕，緩解”；A選項(xiàng)relieve“解除，緩解；使不單調(diào)乏味”；B選項(xiàng)receive“收到；接待；接納”；C選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙；行騙”；D選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思”。句意：對(duì)大量商品和服務(wù)增稅，以幫助減輕預(yù)算。題