2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號3

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenriotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.（43）ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestartupfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword,“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal.

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness.

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness.

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion.

問題2選項

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問題3選項

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.willpower

問題4選項

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問題5選項

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue.

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked.

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle.

D.Failureoftenaccompaniesfatigue.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞evilcircle定位到第一段itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.這是一個惡性循環(huán)。失敗會導(dǎo)致疲勞，而疲勞會使你更難去工作，這就增加了疲勞?？芍狟項“失敗-疲勞-失敗-疲勞”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.們主要通過兩種方式來體驗這種疲勞:啟動疲勞和表現(xiàn)疲勞。在前一種情況下，我們總是拖延不得不做的事情。要么因為它太單調(diào)乏味，要么因為它太難，我們都避免它。我們拖延的時間越長，我們就會感到越累?？芍?dāng)一個人一直拖延一項任務(wù)時，他經(jīng)歷的是啟動性疲勞。故C項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.補(bǔ)救措施顯而易見，盡管可能不容易實施:意志力鍛煉?？芍獮榱丝朔有云?，我們需要的是意志力。故D項正確。

4.詞義題。Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.and并列連詞，and前后表示的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)一致，故可由and后面的內(nèi)容來推知前面，and后面的內(nèi)容是“不管我們多么努力，我們一次又一次地失敗。”故insurmountable意為不可克服的，不可跨越的，A項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.表現(xiàn)疲勞更難克服。這種情況下我們愿意開始，但是我們似乎不能把工作做好。可知AB兩項正確。由第四段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.失敗的經(jīng)驗越來越多，精神疲勞的負(fù)擔(dān)也越來越重。以及Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.失敗會導(dǎo)致疲勞，而疲勞會使你更難去工作，這就增加了疲勞?？芍狣項“疲勞經(jīng)常伴隨著疲勞”符合本文描述。C選項Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle（一個人在經(jīng)歷了邪惡的循環(huán)之后，最終會成功）來自第一段，但第一段中并未提及“經(jīng)歷這個循環(huán)后就會成功”，因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

2.單選題

In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheinternet.Books,compactdiscs.AndevenstockswereavailablefromWordWideWebsitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.

Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheinternet,doublethe1997total.FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.

Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,however.InternetpioneerAmazon.Com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos,postedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarter,upfrom$37.9millioninthesameperiodin1997.Overall,however,thecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6million,andanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Ahadastockmarketvalueofmanybillion,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureofindustry.

Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.33.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldhehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99,undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage,companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE,accordingtothewriter?

2.Findingabargainontheinternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause（）.

3.“Foralltheconsumerinterest”（Paragraphs）means（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA（）.

5.InvestorsareinterestedinInternetretailingbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.Consumersarereluctanttobuythingsontheinternet.

B.Consumersaretoobusytobuythingsontheinternet.

C.Internetretailingisaprofitablebusiness.

D.Moreandmoreconsumerspreferinternetshopping.

問題2選項

A.thereweremoreandmoreInternetusers

B.thereweremoreandmoreonlineauctions

C.theconsumershadmoremoneytospend

D.thereweremoregoodsavailableintheInternet

問題3選項

A.totheinterestofalltheconsumers

B.fortheinterestofalltheconsumers

C.thoughconsumersareverymuchinterested

D.alltheconsumersaremuchinterested

問題4選項

A.willprobablymakeaprofitin2001

B.ismakingaprofitnow

C.isacompanythatsellsbooksonly

D.suffersagreetlossonthestockmarket

問題5選項

A.sellingonlineinvolveslittlerisk

B.Internetretailingisinitsinitialstage

C.itcaneasilyreachmillionsofconsumers

D.theycanmakehugeprofitsfromit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.然而，對于越來越多缺乏時間的消費者來說，事實證明，用家用電腦購物比開車去商店更方便。Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,盡管有消費者感興趣，但網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售在很大程度上仍是一項無利可圖的業(yè)務(wù)，可知AC兩項表述與原文相反，B項“消費者太忙而不會網(wǎng)上購物”表述有誤。故D項“越來越多的消費者更喜歡網(wǎng)購”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.由于網(wǎng)上拍賣和一些為了比價買最劃算的產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)站興起，尋找便宜貨變得越來越容易。可知B項正確。

3.語義題。Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,盡管消費者感興趣，但網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售在很大程度上仍是一項無利可圖的業(yè)務(wù)。接著下文列舉了亞馬遜的虧損。故interest在句中意為“感興趣”，即使很多消費者喜歡網(wǎng)上購物，但網(wǎng)上零售仍是無利可圖的。故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由InternetpioneerAmazon.Com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos…互聯(lián)網(wǎng)先驅(qū)亞馬遜。1995年，該公司開始銷售圖書，后來又涉足錄制音樂和視頻。以及analystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Ahadastockmarketvalueofmanybillion,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureofindustry.分析師們預(yù)計，該公司要到2001年才會盈利。盡管損失慘重，但亞馬遜的股票市值仍高達(dá)數(shù)十億美元，反映出投資者對行業(yè)未來的樂觀態(tài)度?？芍狝項“可能在2001年盈利”正確；B項與原文不符；C項“亞馬遜只賣書”與原文不符；D項表述錯誤，亞馬遜的股票一直很穩(wěn)健。

5.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)零售之所以吸引投資者，是因為它提供了一種有效的方式，可以接觸到數(shù)以百萬計的消費者，而無需花費經(jīng)營傳統(tǒng)商店的大量銷售人員的成本?？芍顿Y者對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)零售感興趣的原因是通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能接觸到很多消費者，并且能節(jié)省成本。故C項正確。

3.單選題

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

問題1選項

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃燒，燒毀”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一點這種蛋糕吧，這是我特意為你烘焙的?？镜案庥胋ake,故B項正確。

4.單選題

Manyofthesametechniqueswerethesolutionofindustrial,scientificandmedicalproblems.

問題1選項

A.appliedfor

B.appliedto

C.applyingfor

D.applyingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。applyfor申請；applyto適用于，應(yīng)用于；技術(shù)應(yīng)該是運(yùn)用于某些解決方案中，故先排除AC兩項。技術(shù)與解決方案之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，B項正確。句意：許多相同的技巧被運(yùn)用到工業(yè)，科技和醫(yī)療問題的解決方案里。

5.單選題

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged（）howgreattheirachievementsare.

問題1選項

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inspiteof盡管；infavorof有利于，支持；intermsof依據(jù)，按照，在…方面。許多科學(xué)家和工程師從他們所取得的成就來被評價，只有D項符合題意。

6.單選題

Thehotel（）westayedlastFridaywasrightinthecenterofthecity.

問題1選項

A.which

B.that

C.where

D.when

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。stayinthehotel，故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where=inwhich=inthehotel.句意：我們上周五住的那個酒店就在市中心。

7.單選題

IntheAmericans’minds,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Whentheboundariesarecrossed,Americanswill（）stiffenandtheirmannerwillbecomecool.

問題1選項

A.visibly

B.tragically

C.uneasily

D.tremendously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。visibly“明顯地，顯然地”；tragically“悲劇地，悲慘地”；uneasily“不自在地，不穩(wěn)定地”；tremendously“非常地，可怕地”。句意：在美國人的心目中,有些界限人們是不能跨越的。當(dāng)這些界限被越過時,美國人會（）變得僵硬,他們的態(tài)度會變得很冷酷。and表示并列關(guān)系，其前后表示的內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)一致，由and后面的內(nèi)容“他們的態(tài)度也很冷酷”可推知空格處意為美國人明顯變得很僵硬，故A項正確。

8.填空題

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabor,theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

[H]Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfoodtoyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

[T]Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter（雜亂）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.TheideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzarounditBuzzor"streetmarketing’’，asit'salsocalled,canhelpacompanytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（難找的）teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

[J]Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

[K]Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

[L]Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1）sponsorededucationalmaterials;2）supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhighcompanyvisibility;3）advertising,postedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4）contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5）sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

[M]TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It’spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologiesmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

[N]Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

[O]TheFTCstudied44filmsrated“Restricted”，anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureandteenratedvideogamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines:andtoysbasedon“Restricted”moviesandM-ratedvideogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.

1.Guiltcanaffectparents’spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon’thaveenoughtimefortheirkids.

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneedmoneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,“persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated“importancenagging”.

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.SFederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInternetbecausetheinteractiveenvironmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivecertificatesforfleepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.

【答案】1.B

2.H

3.K

4.O

5.M

6.D

7.N

8.J

9.F

10.L

【解析】1.題干句意：內(nèi)疚會影響父母的消費決定，因為他們沒有足夠的時間照顧孩子。題干中的guilt以及decision定位到B段，并且題干是對“guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.當(dāng)時間緊張的父母用物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來替代和孩子在一起的時間時，負(fù)罪感會在消費決定中扮演一個角色?！钡耐x改寫。

2.由題干關(guān)鍵詞theCenterforaNewAmericanDream,brandloyalties和agetwo。定位到［H］段。該段第三句Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo.andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.品牌忠誠可以在兩歲的時候就建立起來。到孩子們上學(xué)的時候，大多數(shù)人都能認(rèn)出幾百個商標(biāo)。與題干意思一致。

3.關(guān)鍵詞schoolboards出現(xiàn)在［K］段。該段第二句Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.預(yù)算短缺迫使學(xué)校董事會允許企業(yè)接觸學(xué)生，以換取急需的現(xiàn)金、電腦和教育材料。與題干意思一致。

4.關(guān)鍵詞FTCreport和highlightedthefactthattoysbasedon出現(xiàn)在[O]段。該段第三句TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的報告還強(qiáng)調(diào)了這樣一個事實，即以成人娛樂作品中的人物為原型的玩具通常是面向兒童銷售的。與題干意思一致。

5.關(guān)鍵詞hisgenerationofyoungpeople和Internet，相關(guān)內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在［M］段，該段第三句ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)伴隨著這一代年輕人長大，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。與題干意思一致。

6.題干的關(guān)鍵詞persistencenagging，effective和importancenagging出現(xiàn)在［D］段，pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging(apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".糾纏或嘮叨可以分為兩類——“堅持”和“重要性”。堅持不懈的嘮叨(一遍又一遍重復(fù)的請求)不如更老練的“重要性的嘮叨”有效。與題干意思一致。

7.題干信息出現(xiàn)在[N]段第二句“Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission(FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.在2000年發(fā)布的一份報告中，美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(FTC)披露了電影、音樂和電子游戲行業(yè)是如何向兒童推銷暴力娛樂產(chǎn)品的?！迸c題干信息一致。

8.題干信息出現(xiàn)在[J]段Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.口碑營銷特別適合于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，年輕的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)推手”利用聊天室和博客向毫無戒心的用戶傳播有關(guān)音樂、服裝和其他產(chǎn)品的信息。與題干信息一致。

9.題干信息出現(xiàn)在F段Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.1999年，一群美國心理健康專家給美國心理協(xié)會(APA)寫了一封公開信，敦促他們宣布這種行為是不道德的。與題干信息一致。

10.題干信息出現(xiàn)在L段：contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;競賽和獎勵計劃:例如必勝客閱讀獎勵計劃，如果孩子達(dá)到每月閱讀目標(biāo)，就可以獲得免費披薩的證書。

9.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問題1選項

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在過去，是對過去事實的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項正確。

10.單選題

31.Money-laundering（洗錢）hasbeenoneoftheworld'sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld'sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.Followingisasimpleguidetotheworldofmoney-laundering.

Money-launderingistheprocessbywhichmoneyobtainedbyillegalmeansisgiventheappearanceoflegitimateincomeandreturnedintocirculation.ThewordandpracticearewidelybelievedtohavebeeninventedbytheUSMafia（黑手黨）.Asameansofmixingthedirtycashobtainedfromprostitution,gambling,gun-running,blackmailanditsotherwickedactivities,sothatitcameoutmoreorlessclean,theMafiaboughtupandoperatedlargenumbersofLaundromats（自助洗衣店）.Asgoodcashbusinessestheywereagoodmeansofprovidingtheappearanceofhonestcashflow.

Varioustechniquescanbeemployedandthemeansofmoney-laundering,buttheyessentiallyboildowntothreestages.Stepone:movingthemoneyfromthesceneofthecrimeAtoaremotelocationBideallyinanothercountry，preferablyabankaccount,ifpossibleonethatisanonymous.Steptwo:disguisingthetrailleadingfromAtoB.Stepthree:makingthecashavailabletothecriminals,alongwithaplausibleexplanationofhowticamelegallyintotheirpossession.

Apartfromharmingtheeconomiesthatitfeedsoff,themoney-launderingindustryisessentialtoorganizedcrime.AstheheadoftheUN'scrime-fightingwingPinoArlacchiremarked,organizedcrime“brutalizessocietyanddiminishesrespectforthevaluelikehonestyandcooperationuponwhichsuccessfulsocietiesarebased’’.OrasaseniorUSofficialsaidin1999,“money-launderingmaylooklikeapoliteformofwhite-collarcrime,butitisthecompanionofbrutality,deceitandcorruption.’’

Theliberalizationofmarketsaroundtheworldandderegulation（解除管制）ofexchangecontrolsareregardedasthechiefcausesoftherapidexpansionofmoney-launderingoverthepastdecade.Togethertheyhaveopenedupmanymorechannelsforlaunderingdirtymoneyandprovidedmoreopportunitiestohideitsorigins.UNofficialsbelievethemostimportantsinglemeasureineliminatingmoney-launderingistheendingofbanksecrecy.

1.Weknowfromthepassagethatmoney-laundering（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“stampitout”（para.1）inthefirstparagraph?

3.ThereasonwhytheMafiaboughtupandransubstantialLaundromatsisthat（）.

4.Inmoney-laundering,moneywouldbemovedfromthesceneofthecrimeto（）.

5.Withtheworldwideliberalizationofmarkets,money-launderinghasexpandedrapidlyby（）.

問題1選項

A.hasalmostbeenstampedoutbytheworld’sfinancialauthorities

B.hasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentoftheworld'sindustries

C.onlyhasaten-yearhistorybuthasgrownrapidly

D.hasexpandedrapidlyoverthepastdecade

問題2選項

A.Toputanendtoitcompletely.

B.Tomarkasignbypressingonit.

C.Toannounceitillegal.

D.Todoharmtoit.

問題3選項

A.theMafiacancarryoutlargenumbersofillegaltransactionsinthem.

B.theMafiahasmanywickedactivitieslikeprostitutionandgamblinginthem.

C.theLaundromatscangivethedirtycashtheappearanceoflegitimateincome.

D.theLaundromatsissuchaprofit-makingindustrythatithasattractedtheMafia.

問題4選項

A.thefinancialauthorities

B.thecirculationfields

C.LaundromatsoperatedbytheMafia

D.anonymousbankaccountinanothercountry

問題5選項

A.deregulatingtheexchangecontrols

B.buyingandoperatingmoreLaundromats

C.havingmorechannelstolaunderdirtymoney

D.tighteningthebanksecrecyrules

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Money-laundering(洗錢)hasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld’sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.Followingisasimpleguidetotheworldofmoney-laundering.盡管國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)加大了打擊洗錢活動的力度，但洗錢活動在過去10年里一直是全球發(fā)展最快的行業(yè)之一。以下是對洗錢世界的簡單介紹?？芍狣項“洗錢活動在過去十年發(fā)展很快”正確。AB兩項明顯錯誤，C項“洗錢只有十年歷史但是增長很快”與原文內(nèi)容不符，洗錢并不只有10年歷史。

2.詞義題。由Money-laundering(洗錢)hasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld’sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.中的despite表示讓步關(guān)系可知，盡管采取了一些措施來（）洗錢活動，但是洗錢仍然成為增長最快的行業(yè)之一。由前后邏輯可推斷出stampitout是消滅，打擊的意思。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Asameansofmixingthedirtycashobtainedfromprostitution,gambling,gun-running,blackmailanditsotherwickedactivities,sothatitcameoutmoreorlessclean,theMafiaboughtupandoperatedlargenumbersofLaundromats(自助洗衣店).Asgoodcashbusinesses，theywereagoodmeansofprovidingtheappearanceofhonestcashflow.為了使從賣淫，賭博，販賣槍支，敲詐和其他非法活動所得的混合收入看起來是干凈的，黑手黨經(jīng)營了很多自助洗衣店，將其他非法收入混入洗衣店的收入，使贓款看上去是合法的。故C項“自助洗衣店給臟錢披上合法收入的外衣”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Stepone:movingthemoneyfromthesceneofthecrimeAtoaremotelocationBideallyinanothercountry，preferablyabankaccount,ifpossibleonethatisanonymous.第一步:把錢從犯罪現(xiàn)場A轉(zhuǎn)移到一個偏遠(yuǎn)的地點B，當(dāng)然理想的地點是在另一個國家，存入一個銀行賬戶，如果是一個匿名