2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)83

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開(kāi)始”；B選項(xiàng)setin“開(kāi)端；來(lái)臨；到來(lái)”；Csetabout選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始著手；考慮”；D選項(xiàng)setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫(xiě)下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對(duì)這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，一種過(guò)敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“連鎖故障”；B選項(xiàng)“電傳染病”；D選項(xiàng)“病毒攻擊”說(shuō)法都不正確，只有C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評(píng)論家沒(méi)有正面回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而是用了一些常見(jiàn)的比喻：這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說(shuō)到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個(gè)正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評(píng)論家的比喻。A選項(xiàng)“積極的”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“消極的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“中立的”以及D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠(chǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)發(fā)電廠(chǎng)獨(dú)立于其他電廠(chǎng)”和D選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)過(guò)載時(shí)暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個(gè)發(fā)電廠(chǎng)更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠(chéng)然，這樣一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個(gè)放松管制的時(shí)代，能源公司將沒(méi)有什么動(dòng)力聯(lián)合起來(lái)建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢(qián)在發(fā)電上的時(shí)候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項(xiàng)“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)能源公司沒(méi)有吸引力”說(shuō)法正確；C選項(xiàng)“阻止這樣的停電是沒(méi)有用的”以及D選項(xiàng)“危害國(guó)家安全”文中均沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來(lái)可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)反復(fù)的練習(xí)會(huì)變得完美”；D選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項(xiàng)“看似現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tractable

B.textured

C.adept

D.shriveled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tractable“易于管教的；易駕馭的；易處理的；馴良的”；B選項(xiàng)textured“起紋理的；質(zhì)地不平的；（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂(lè)等）有神韻的”；C選項(xiàng)adept“熟練的；擅長(zhǎng)……的”；D選項(xiàng)shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干癟的老人依然精神抖擻。wizened“干癟的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Attemptstoreconcilethesetwodecisionshaveexpanded,humaningenuityandexpendedunconscionableamountoftime,effortandpaper.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.uncouth

C.gullible

D.ignoble

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excessive“過(guò)多的，極度的；過(guò)分的”；B選項(xiàng)uncouth“笨拙的；粗野的；不舒適的；陌生的”；C選項(xiàng)gullible“易受騙的；輕信的”；D選項(xiàng)ignoble“不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑賤的”。句意：調(diào)和這兩個(gè)決定的嘗試已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大，人類(lèi)的聰明才智和花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間、努力和文件。unconscionable“過(guò)度的；不合理的；昧著良心的；肆無(wú)忌憚的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無(wú)知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見(jiàn)，偏愛(ài)，斜紋”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，中心，清晰；焦距”；D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣”。句意：使我吃驚的是她對(duì)任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視，無(wú)視，不尊重”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Acourtlaterreducedthecordonto200metersfromthe（）fence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perimeter

B.parameter

C.diameter

D.circumference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perimeter“周長(zhǎng)（可以指任何形狀的周長(zhǎng)）；周界；視野計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)parameter“參數(shù)；系數(shù)；參量”；C選項(xiàng)diameter“直徑；徑；通徑；外徑”；D選項(xiàng)circumference“圓周；周長(zhǎng)（主要指圓或橢圓的周長(zhǎng)）；胸圍”。句意：后來(lái)法庭決定將警戒線(xiàn)范圍縮小至距離圍欄200米處。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項(xiàng)uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報(bào)升”；C選項(xiàng)upmarket“質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)高的；高級(jí)的；在高檔之列”；D選項(xiàng)upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷(xiāo)售一直很火爆，在上個(gè)假期期間，占Numi銷(xiāo)售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費(fèi)階層的，高檔的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Don’tgetmixedupinany（）business.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)funny“有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的”；B選項(xiàng)misty“模糊的；有霧的”；C選項(xiàng)foggy“有霧的；模糊的，朦朧的”；D選項(xiàng)behind“在……的后面；朝……后面”。根據(jù)固定搭配funnybusiness“見(jiàn)不得人的活動(dòng)，不規(guī)矩的事，不道德的行為”可知該題選funny。句意：不要卷入任何不道德的行為中。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokeup“分手；結(jié)束，打碎”；B選項(xiàng)breakforth“迸發(fā)；噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突圍；沖破；取得突破性成就”；D選項(xiàng)breakupon“顯露；突然出現(xiàn)”。句意：當(dāng)人們看見(jiàn)那位職業(yè)拳擊手四肢攤開(kāi)躺在拳臺(tái)上時(shí)，場(chǎng)上爆發(fā)出歡呼聲和吶喊聲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的；不吉利的”；B選項(xiàng)foppish“浮華的；矯飾的；有紈绔習(xí)氣的”；C選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)remunerative“有利可圖的；有報(bào)酬的；合算的”。句意：這樣的警告反映了阿爾索普家族傾向于用可怕的恐懼和沮喪來(lái)掩蓋他們的分析。portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話(huà)“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.（他們還認(rèn)為，印度在奧巴馬白宮的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治計(jì)算中的作用正在減弱，至少與它在布什政府的亞洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。）”，由此可推斷出印度人擔(dān)心被美國(guó)輕視。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬政府意識(shí)到北京正在變得更加大膽”；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位，奧巴馬進(jìn)一步削弱了它的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬是在試圖進(jìn)一步加劇中國(guó)和印度這兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間的關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心印度被奧巴馬政府輕視”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative（奧巴馬政府取消了所謂的四方倡議）”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.（中國(guó)認(rèn)為這一舉措旨在建立一個(gè)安全集團(tuán)來(lái)遏制中國(guó)，為了改善與北京的關(guān)系，奧巴馬拒絕推行這一舉措。）”，由此可推斷出奧巴馬放棄四方倡議是因?yàn)榧づ酥袊?guó)。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為，中國(guó)應(yīng)該加入該聯(lián)盟”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為2008年的聯(lián)合海軍演習(xí)對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成了威脅，因此激怒了中國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵趭W巴馬的亞洲政策中，北京比印度重要”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府不把印度當(dāng)作一個(gè)地區(qū)大國(guó)，而是在追求地區(qū)和平的一個(gè)因素”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.（但是，盡管奧巴馬和他的阿富汗特使理查德?霍爾布魯克敦促印度在克什米爾爭(zhēng)端問(wèn)題上做出讓步，以幫助華盛頓說(shuō)服巴基斯坦將更多資源集中在打擊塔利班上，在迫使巴基斯坦打擊以其領(lǐng)土為基地以印度為目標(biāo)的極端組織方面，幾乎沒(méi)有采取什么行動(dòng)。）”，由此可推斷出印度和巴基斯坦之間將面臨更多問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“印度將在其主要關(guān)注的許多問(wèn)題上失去美國(guó)的支持”；B選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間長(zhǎng)期存在的邊界爭(zhēng)端不會(huì)在近期得到解決”；C選項(xiàng)“印度打擊巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主義將面臨更多問(wèn)題”；D選項(xiàng)“印度將感到無(wú)力遏制中國(guó)”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.（這被解讀為美國(guó)接受中國(guó)將南亞和印度的鄰國(guó)視為自己勢(shì)力范圍的一部分。）”，由此可推斷出中國(guó)將會(huì)對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響。A選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間將爆發(fā)冷戰(zhàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)將對(duì)南亞國(guó)家施加影響，包括印度”；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)和中國(guó)將聯(lián)合遏制印度這個(gè)新興大國(guó)”；D選項(xiàng)“巴基斯坦將從中國(guó)和美國(guó)獲得更多支持”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow…butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.（印度現(xiàn)在可能不是最優(yōu)先考慮的國(guó)家……但沒(méi)有理由未來(lái)不會(huì)。）”，由此可知印度人對(duì)印美未來(lái)的關(guān)系仍持樂(lè)觀(guān)態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)“一些印度分析人士對(duì)印美關(guān)系持樂(lè)觀(guān)態(tài)度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和布什政府一樣，奧巴馬政府把中國(guó)和印度都視為正在崛起的大國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“奧巴馬政府在其亞洲政策中優(yōu)先考慮阿富汗和巴基斯坦”；D選項(xiàng)“辛格此行的目的包括擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易、加強(qiáng)情報(bào)工作和反恐努力，以及與奧巴馬政府就印度未來(lái)在美國(guó)亞洲政策中所扮演的角色進(jìn)行談判”說(shuō)法都有誤，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)formulation，permitted“制訂，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)闡述；表達(dá)方式；制劑，配方”，“被允許的，可能的”；B選項(xiàng)correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽視的；被忽略的”；C選項(xiàng)detection，useful“偵查，探測(cè)；發(fā)覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺(jué)”，“有用的，有益的；有幫助的”；D選項(xiàng)accumulation，agreeable“積聚，累積；堆積物”，“令人愉快的；適合的；和藹可親的”。句意：在科學(xué)研究中，報(bào)告支持的證據(jù)比不可信的假設(shè)更令人滿(mǎn)意，但事實(shí)上，錯(cuò)誤的積累比可能真理的建立更容易令人滿(mǎn)意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sky

B.pan

C.house

D.dark

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。aflashinthepan“曇花一現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，多用來(lái)形容某事持續(xù)時(shí)間短”。句意：尼克的新小說(shuō)證明他并不是曇花一現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

The（）inDavid’scharacterhashinderedhimfromadvancinginhiscareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.shortcoming

C.demerit

D.defect

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱點(diǎn)，或體制、組織、設(shè)計(jì)等方面的缺陷（強(qiáng)調(diào)弱點(diǎn)）”；B選項(xiàng)shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用復(fù)數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)demerit“是很正式的詞語(yǔ)，表示事物的缺點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)defect“指事物的缺點(diǎn)或人性格上的缺點(diǎn)，一般指較大的缺點(diǎn)、缺陷?！蹦衬橙说膕hortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那個(gè)人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用來(lái)指人的缺點(diǎn)；weakness可以用在人以外的東西上。句意：大衛(wèi)性格上的缺陷阻礙了他在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均表示“在工作中”；B選項(xiàng)intheworks“正在準(zhǔn)備階段；在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中”。句意：總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財(cái)務(wù)長(zhǎng)邁克?迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次會(huì)議上表示，正在醞釀一項(xiàng)舉措。inthepipeline“在運(yùn)輸中；在進(jìn)行中；在準(zhǔn)備中”。B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進(jìn)取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項(xiàng)servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡(jiǎn)陋的，（級(jí)別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項(xiàng)confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是作為一名正在談?wù)撔马?xiàng)目的員工，而不是一名希望得到工作機(jī)會(huì)的求職者的奉承態(tài)度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)onparole“被假釋?zhuān)患籴尅?；B選項(xiàng)onleave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C選項(xiàng)onbail“保釋?zhuān)槐ａ屩小?；D選項(xiàng)perjury“偽證；偽證罪；背信棄義”，沒(méi)有onperjury這個(gè)說(shuō)法。bail與parole的區(qū)別：在歐美，被告如果沒(méi)有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保釋?zhuān)?lèi)似于我國(guó)的取保候?qū)?；假釋是指已?jīng)在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)在獄中表現(xiàn)良好，經(jīng)假釋審查委員會(huì)評(píng)估通過(guò)，就可以提早出獄。句意：他的審判定在下周，但他已獲準(zhǔn)保釋。

19.單選題

Nakheel,apropertydeveloperownedbyDubaiWorld,metcreditorsaspartofitsattemptstorenegotiate$10.5billioninbankdebt.DubaiWorldspookedmarketsinNovemberafterannouncingastandstillondebtrepayments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimidated

B.assailed

C.exude

D.imbibed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimidated“威脅，恐嚇，脅迫”；B選項(xiàng)assail“攻擊；質(zhì)問(wèn)；著手解決”；C選項(xiàng)exude“散發(fā)；流出；使?jié)B出”；D選項(xiàng)imbibe“吸收，接受；喝；吸入”。句意：迪拜世界（DubaiWorld）旗下的房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商棕櫚島集團(tuán)（Nakheel）與債權(quán)人會(huì)面，試圖就105億美元的銀行債務(wù)進(jìn)行重新談判。迪拜世界(DubaiWorld)去年11月宣布暫停償債后，令市場(chǎng)恐慌。spook“嚇；驚嚇；受驚；鬼怪般的出沒(méi)”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的，宏偉的”；B選項(xiàng)benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的，親切的”；C選項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的，巨大的”；D選項(xiàng)favoring“有幫助的”。句意：這樣的交易會(huì)成功嗎？一位親近眾議院共和黨人的消息人士告訴我：“我認(rèn)為他們會(huì)接受”，他說(shuō)：“他們現(xiàn)在手頭沒(méi)有任何籌碼……對(duì)稅收減免設(shè)定上限將是非常寬宏大量的，這是為談判真正的稅收改革奠定基礎(chǔ)的好辦法?！盡agnanimous“寬宏大量的，有雅量的，寬大的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clivose

B.demode

C.abrim

D.xenial

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的；老式的”；C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿(mǎn)著的”；D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的，但在八十年代肯定是過(guò)時(shí)了。passe“已過(guò)盛年的；過(guò)時(shí)的；凋謝的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的三種形式：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+過(guò)去分詞”；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，系動(dòng)詞用were，主句的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should（wereto）+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：假如我們接受他們的條件的話(huà)，我們就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。表示的是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

ThisobservationflummoxedTerkel,aself-styledJewishfree-thinkerwhosaysheknowsnothingaboutGodbuteverythingabouthumannature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.surprised

C.bewildered

D.provoked

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的，能力卓越的，借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”；B選項(xiàng)surprised“感到驚訝的，出人意料的”；C選項(xiàng)bewildered“困惑的”；D選項(xiàng)provoked“被激怒的，受到挑釁的”。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓特克爾感到困惑，他自稱(chēng)是猶太自由思想家，聲稱(chēng)自己對(duì)上帝一無(wú)所知，只知道有關(guān)人類(lèi)本性的一切。Flummoxed“困惑的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun（）250dollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ashighas/to都意為“高達(dá)”，但是后面明確接的是高達(dá)的數(shù)字時(shí)，用to。as雖然也是高達(dá)，但是用在兩者作為比較的時(shí)候用的，如Tomisashighashissister.句意：那家商店的自行車(chē)價(jià)格高達(dá)250美元。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plan“計(jì)劃，平面圖”；B選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書(shū)，辨別力”；C選項(xiàng)stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)，知道，認(rèn)識(shí)，學(xué)科”。句意：這場(chǎng)危機(jī)將考驗(yàn)首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyear