2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問：為什么Justin的房間很亂，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右銘是“永遠(yuǎn)不要扔掉任何東西，你永遠(yuǎn)不知道它什么時(shí)候會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)”。他的臥室里滿是……）可知原因是B“他從不扔掉任何東西”。A項(xiàng)“他總是忘記打掃”，C項(xiàng)“沒有時(shí)間打掃”，D項(xiàng)“他和他弟弟共享一個(gè)房間”，文中均未體現(xiàn)。

2.語義推測(cè)題。plead“懇求，乞求”；只有D項(xiàng)“懇求，乞求”與之意思相同，此外根據(jù)文章第一段所講內(nèi)容，可以知道他的父母是懇求他清理房間，所以此處的pleaded可以用begged代替。A項(xiàng)“忽視”；B項(xiàng)“詢問；請(qǐng)求”；C項(xiàng)“推”均不符合。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問題：Justin的背包以何種方式被看作是房間的縮小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜歡把它想象成臥室的縮小版——一個(gè)存放他收集的許多物品的地方）可知答案為A“他把它當(dāng)作存放物品的地方”。B項(xiàng)“他用它來裝書和運(yùn)動(dòng)器材”，文章未提及；C項(xiàng)“他父母叫他一直打掃”和D項(xiàng)“從他記事起他就一直帶著這個(gè)”，均不符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問題：Justin是怎樣幫助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他從包里拿出筆記本和一支軟鉛筆……）可知他是用他包里的一些東西來幫助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的東西”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“他給了建議”和B項(xiàng)“他把他的包借給了他們”，文中并未提及；C項(xiàng)“他傾聽了他們的問題”，文中他不僅僅傾聽了他們的問題，而且用行動(dòng)幫助了他們，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny寫的那一頁在筆記本的另一頁上留下了模糊的凹痕……儲(chǔ)物柜組合的數(shù)字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出現(xiàn)）可知答案為C“肯尼在賈斯汀的筆記本上留下了這個(gè)組合的凹痕”。A項(xiàng)“賈斯汀記得肯尼的儲(chǔ)物柜密碼組合”，B項(xiàng)“肯尼把紙片留在了賈斯汀的背包里”，D項(xiàng)“賈斯汀找到了寫著儲(chǔ)物柜密碼的紙片”，均不符合文意。

2.單選題

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：他的家人幾乎已經(jīng)忘記了他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子。根據(jù)句型itislike…，得出C選項(xiàng)whathisfacewas符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個(gè)文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國(guó)成功殖民北美的過程，所以C選項(xiàng)“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)和西班牙在新世界的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“皇家專利頒發(fā)于16世紀(jì)”錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專利。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英國(guó)第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個(gè)人而不是公司控制的。），可知他們自己決定怎樣行動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)“他們自主行動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”：根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是在1578年，并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專利權(quán)），可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒有提到。C選項(xiàng)“他們很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分別進(jìn)行了兩次嘗試，都失敗了，可知進(jìn)展不順利，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征……被西班牙擊退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次嘗試于1583年以災(zāi)難告終，當(dāng)時(shí)吉爾伯特和他的船在一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴中喪生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn)，而非兩次，吉爾伯特死于1583年，故C選項(xiàng)“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項(xiàng)“他死于1587年”錯(cuò)誤；吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終，沒有到達(dá)北美，A選項(xiàng)“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專利權(quán)”：根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士獲得了專利的續(xù)期。），可知是個(gè)人而非公司得到專利權(quán)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國(guó)），可知B選項(xiàng)“一些人沒有存活下來”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們探索了整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們把這個(gè)地區(qū)命名為弗吉尼亞”：根據(jù)文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士……贊助了一次探險(xiǎn)，探索他稱之為“弗吉尼亞”的地區(qū)的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亞是沃特?羅利叫的，而不是大家這么叫，也沒有探索整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)。不符合文章內(nèi)容。和D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國(guó)，但第二批殖民者消失得無影無蹤。），可知第一批殖民者回到英國(guó)，第二批殖民者不知道具體情況，C選項(xiàng)“在那里的居民命運(yùn)未知”正確，A選項(xiàng)“在那里的定居者都放棄了，回到了英國(guó)”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)了好幾年”和D選項(xiàng)“被西班牙人征服”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ataboutthesametime,doctorsbegantounderstand______together.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichwentdirtanddisease

B.whatwentdirtanddisease

C.thatdirtanddiseasewent

D.thatdiddirtanddiseasego

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：大約在同一時(shí)間，醫(yī)生們開始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本從句成分完整，不需要用先行詞作從句成分，故先行詞用that，從句時(shí)態(tài)和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故用過去式，所以C選項(xiàng)thatdirtanddiseasewent符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excluded“把……排斥在外”；B選項(xiàng)disabled“使傷殘；使無效”；C選項(xiàng)deprived“使喪失”；D選項(xiàng)gripped“緊握；強(qiáng)烈影響”。句意：這次事故使他______視力和雙腿的功能。根據(jù)語境，這次事故讓他的眼睛和雙腿功能受損，所以disabled“使傷殘；使無效”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk

C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon

D.howtea-timewasborn

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland（在商店里買不到茶，有的人讓人從荷蘭寄來茶），可知B選項(xiàng)“茶葉是從荷蘭傳入英國(guó)的”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.（在17世紀(jì)早期東印度公司的船只開始直接從中國(guó)運(yùn)茶之前，茶葉在英國(guó)一直稀缺且非常昂貴。），可知A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人從印度買到昂貴的茶葉”錯(cuò)誤；在這之前英國(guó)人從荷蘭賣茶，故D選項(xiàng)“直到17世紀(jì)，英國(guó)人才開始喝茶”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人是最先在歐洲喝茶的人”：文章沒有提到在歐洲沒有提到哪個(gè)國(guó)家最先喝茶，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章從英國(guó)從古至今在各個(gè)時(shí)期不同茶的來源方式、飲茶方式和習(xí)慣等，可知這篇文章在講英國(guó)飲茶的歷史，故A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)飲茶的歷史”正確。B選項(xiàng)“茶如何和牛奶一起成為一種受歡迎的飲料”，C選項(xiàng)“公爵夫人是如何養(yǎng)成下午喝茶的習(xí)慣的”和D選項(xiàng)“下午茶是如何誕生的”是其中一部分內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段intheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.（17世紀(jì)早期，在接下來的幾年里，大量茶葉流入這個(gè)國(guó)家，導(dǎo)致價(jià)格下降，許多人買得起。），可知在17世紀(jì)早期，茶在英國(guó)受歡迎，故C選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“18世紀(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“16世紀(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)后期”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、四、五句Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded…Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid…SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland.（在那之前，人們喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞維尼夫人的法國(guó)著名女士決定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為她們必須模仿她所做的一切……慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)），可知是因?yàn)槿S尼夫人的影響人們開始喝茶加奶，故D選項(xiàng)“塞維尼夫人很有影響力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來像牛奶”和B選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是歐洲人持續(xù)這樣喝的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它成為了一種受歡迎的飲料”：這是歐洲人喝茶加奶的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第五句SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.（慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)，直到今天，只有很少的英國(guó)人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英國(guó)喝茶主要受法國(guó)影響，法國(guó)主要受塞維尼夫人影響，故A選項(xiàng)“著名的法國(guó)女士”正確。B選項(xiàng)“古代中國(guó)”：文中只說歐洲對(duì)茶的了解慢于中國(guó)，沒有提到古代中國(guó)和英國(guó)人喝茶的因果關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)”：沒有提到塞維尼夫人是什么階層，其他地方也沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)上層階級(jí)。D選項(xiàng)“荷蘭人”：最初英國(guó)從荷蘭買茶，跟喝茶習(xí)慣沒有直接因果關(guān)系。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Scientific

B.Animate

C.Good

D.Large

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Scientific“科學(xué)的”；B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”；C選項(xiàng)Good“良好的”；D選項(xiàng)Large“大量的；廣泛的”。句意：______的物種是指所有有生命的動(dòng)植物。根據(jù)語境，B選項(xiàng)Animate“有生命的”比較符合語境，這里是在解釋有生命的物種是什么，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

______abombontheroad,thecarwasstopped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Havingseen

B.Thedriverseeing

C.Seeing

D.Afterseeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：司機(jī)看到炸彈之后，把車停了下來。根據(jù)句子主語是car，結(jié)合獨(dú)立主格部分有動(dòng)詞see，確定前面一部分有driver，根據(jù)司機(jī)看是主動(dòng)，確定用主動(dòng)形式，所以B選項(xiàng)Thedriverseeing符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathome______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratherthandriveout

B.thantodriveout

C.ratherthandroveout

D.todrivingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodoratherthando“寧可做……而不做”，A選項(xiàng)ratherthandriveout符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：我寧愿在家度周末也不愿開車出去。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列顛群島，溫度從80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列顛群島的溫度快接近100度，故C選項(xiàng)“接近100”正確。A選項(xiàng)“保持在80度”，B選項(xiàng)“從80上升到90度”和D選項(xiàng)“超過100度”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美國(guó)的死亡人數(shù)仍然很少，這在很大程度上要?dú)w功于前幾年和前幾個(gè)月安裝的空調(diào)設(shè)備。），可知，在美國(guó)很少人因?yàn)楦邷囟鴨噬靡嬗诳照{(diào)，故D選項(xiàng)“人們裝有最舒適的空調(diào)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“溫度還可以忍受”和B選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谑覂?nèi)待了幾個(gè)星期”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全國(guó)各地氣溫上升到人類承受能力的極限，人們被迫連續(xù)數(shù)周待在室內(nèi)。），可知這氣溫已超出承受范圍，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，并且因?yàn)闅鉁靥呷藗儾坏貌淮谑覂?nèi)，這是高溫帶來的影響而非只有少數(shù)人死亡的原因，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“政府已經(jīng)采取了有效的措施來降低高溫”：文章沒有提到政府做了什么，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最終，海水表層的溫度上升了……致命的濕度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天氣一天比一天潮濕和炎熱），可知是海水溫度和濕度增加影響的開羅和好望角地區(qū)，故B選項(xiàng)“隨著海洋表層海水濕度的增加，溫度變得更潮濕、更熱”正確，A選項(xiàng)“溫度變得非常熱”中僅僅因?yàn)闇囟茸兓恢劣谠斐蛇@樣的結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)“他們的條件太危險(xiǎn)了”：這是對(duì)這情況的描述而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)高溫?zé)o計(jì)可施”：根據(jù)第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人類之所以能活下來，完全是因?yàn)橥诘搅硕囱ê偷亟?。），可知人類運(yùn)用了一些對(duì)策面對(duì)高溫，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四個(gè)星期……溫度降低了一點(diǎn)……但不能說情況有所改善……就像對(duì)人類和許多其他動(dòng)物不利一樣），可知對(duì)人類來說，氣溫的威脅降低了，可是其他的危險(xiǎn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，人類安全與否仍然未知，故D選項(xiàng)“生死仍未定”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類將不可能存活”，B選項(xiàng)“越來越多的人將失去生命”和C選項(xiàng)“更少的人可以被拯救”與句意不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆蟲的數(shù)量急劇增加，因?yàn)樽茻岬拇髿鈱?duì)它們有利），可知昆蟲因?yàn)樽茻岬拇髿舛黾樱蔄選項(xiàng)“灼熱的大氣”正確。B選項(xiàng)“熱帶氣候”C選項(xiàng)“云雨天氣”和D選項(xiàng)“潮濕的空氣”：文章沒有說這些因素和昆蟲數(shù)量增多的關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。題干中what從句是整個(gè)句子的主語，故后面的動(dòng)詞為is。B項(xiàng)all和C項(xiàng)thethings少了作主語的關(guān)系代詞（that），在定語從句中，做主語的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的，只有作賓語的關(guān)系代詞能省略，所以B，C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake.Accordingtoanewstudyofseepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainseepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbytheseepinghemispherekeepsshut.Whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxation.Moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain.”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdoingside-by-sideinthe200andinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-seepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins.Whalesandseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（

）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（

）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfwakeinorderto（

）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2.Para.8).Siegelsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目要求我們選出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep…controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawakeaccordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks．（根據(jù)對(duì)一群睡眠中的鴨子的最新研究，處于半夢(mèng)半醒之間的鳥能控制任何一側(cè)的大腦，使其保持清醒狀態(tài)）由此可知，C項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識(shí)地控制半腦睡眠”是最新的研究結(jié)論。而A“多種鳥類都有半腦睡眠”，B“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”，D“鳥類很少在睡覺時(shí)整個(gè)大腦都處于休息狀態(tài)”三項(xiàng)中提到的內(nèi)容在第二段Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds…（早期的研究記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠……），都不是最新的研究結(jié)果，而是早期的研究所以都應(yīng)一一排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)與推斷題。定位到文章第三段開頭Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.（數(shù)十年來對(duì)鳥群的研究使研究人員預(yù)測(cè)，在更易受傷害的睡眠者中，會(huì)有額外的警覺性）以及第六段第一句Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（這些結(jié)果為長(zhǎng)期以來的假設(shè)提供了最好的證據(jù)，即單半球睡眠是隨著生物掃描敵人而演變而來的）。所以根據(jù)文段信息，選A“他們必須提防可能的襲擊”。B項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”，C項(xiàng)“他們大腦的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)不同”，D項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”，均不符合原文事實(shí)。

3.判斷推理題。題目問鳥兒在鏡子前面睡覺的例子表明了什么。根據(jù)文章第六段Themirror-sideeyeclosedasthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen(一只鳥兒靠著鏡子睡覺。那只鳥對(duì)著鏡子的那只眼睛是閉著的，仿佛鏡中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼則是睜開的)，因此，C項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的伴侶也能給鳥一種安全感”與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致。A項(xiàng)“鳥兒成雙成對(duì)打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”和B項(xiàng)“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對(duì)睡覺”中的inpairs是對(duì)原文中的誤讀，鳥兒喜歡結(jié)群，但文章并未提及是成雙成對(duì)睡覺。文中提到的一對(duì)鳥以及鏡子前的一只鳥睡覺的情形，旨在說明鳥兒“一半清醒一半睡眠”的現(xiàn)象，不是一般情形；D項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡在鏡子里看到自己的倒影”中的enjoy屬于無中生有的說法。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問題：在睡覺時(shí)，一些水哺乳動(dòng)物趨向于半睡不醒，以便……定位到文章第七段第二句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許讓大腦的一側(cè)保持清醒，可以讓熟睡的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以免淹死），可知答案為B項(xiàng)“不時(shí)地從水里出來呼吸”。A項(xiàng)“警惕逼近的敵人”，C“對(duì)不斷變化的環(huán)境保持敏感”，D項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”，均屬于無中生有。

5.判斷推理題。題干中thetipoftheiceberg的意思是冰山一角；從最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測(cè)，當(dāng)我們仔細(xì)研究其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多的例子），所以D項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷的天氣有關(guān)”，B項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將解開”，C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥都是半睡半醒的”，均是對(duì)句意的曲解。

13.單選題

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞放在另一動(dòng)作之后，表示主語在進(jìn)行謂語動(dòng)向所表示的動(dòng)作的同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。句意：那些淘氣的男孩又在花園里偷花被抓了，因此根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)為正確答案。catch的常見用法catchsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)用法則是sbbecaughtdoingsth，因此A和D項(xiàng)均錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，與句